Study on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.And its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the diuretic effect, diuretic mechanism and pharmacokinetics of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., and clarify its "quantity-time-effect" relationship.Methods Firstly, qualified rats were modeled by water load model, given different doses of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.aqueous extract, then the diuretic effect was investigated.Secondly, Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of aquaporins AQP2, AQP4 and the angiotensin II receptors ATGR1, ATGR2, and renin in the RAAS system in kidney tissues.Thirdly, the established LC-MS/MS biological analysis method was used to detect the esculentoside A(EsA)content in the plasma, calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and analyze the correlation between the blood concentration and the drug effect.Results The water load model was successfully established.Compared with the model group, hydrochlorothiazide had a significant diuretic effect(P<0.01).Low, medium and high dose groups of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.all had obvious diuretic effects(P<0.01), EsA also had a significant diuretic effect(P<0.05).Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.aqueous extract and EsA significantly down-regulated the expression of AQP2, AQP4, ATGR1 and renin protein.The pharmacokinetic results showed that the Cmax and AUC0-t of EsA in the plasma of rats in the low, medium, and high dose groups of aqueous extract increased with the increase of the dose.Conclusions Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.had a diuretic effect, which is related to inhibiting the expression of aquaporins AQP2 and AQP4 and inhibiting the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and renin, thereby inhibiting the reabsorption of renal tubules and collecting ducts.

Interlaboratory method validation of slope ratio determination for anticoagulant activity of leeches / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the slope ratio method for the determination of anticoagulant activity of leeches. Methods Three batches of leeches, four groups of Japanese medical vermiculite yinpian and fifteen groups of leech preparations were chosen, with contrast medicinal leeches herbs and Philippine cattle leech contrast medicinal materials, and different concentrations of leaching solutions were prepared in parallel. APTT value was determined after anticoagulant activity was determined by slope ratio method for the joint validation of laboratory, intermediate precision and accuracy between the linear range. Results The slope ratio method was accurate and accurate in the determination of anticoagulant activity of leeches, with linearity between 64% and 156% relative titer level. Conclusion Slope ratio method can be used to determine the anticoagulant activity of leeches.

The preliminary exploration of Calu-3 cell air-liquid interface culture and exposure research / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the air-liquid interface(ALI)culture conditions of Calu-3 cells and their tolerance to exposure to clean air in the exposure system. Methods Calu-3 cells were cultured in three stages:flask expansion,liquid-liquid culture until full Transwell membrane covered,and ALI culture,and the cell barrier status was determined by cell trans-epithelium electrical resistant(TEER)measurement and expression of tight junction protein ZO-1; Calu-3 cells were exposed to clean air using the air-liquid interface exposure system for 1,2,3,4,5,6 hours,and cells cultured in incubators were used as controls to detect changes in Calu-3 cell activity and TEER after exposure,and to determine the single maximum exposure time of Calu-3 cells in the in vitro exposure system based on ALI culture. Results Calu-3 cells were cultured in liquid-liquid culture for 8±1 days to grow full Transwell membranes and barrier formation,and then were transferred to ALI culture. The barrier was intact and in a stable state for 1 to 18 days of ALI culture,and could be used for exposure experiments. The activity of Calu-3 cells decreased significantly after 6 hours of clean air exposure(P<0.01),and TEER decreased significantly after 4,5,and 6 hours of clean air exposure(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01). Conclusions Calu-3 cells cultured for 1 to 18 days in ALI can be used for air-liquid interface exposure experiments; the combined changes in cell activity and TEER suggest that the maximum single exposure time for Calu-3 cells exposed to clean air in the exposure system is 3 hours.

Study on Liver Injury of Different Components of Evodia Fructus in Vivo and in Vitro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of Evodia Fructus water extraction and its index components， and provide a basis for basic research on the toxic substances of Evodia Fructus. MethodInstitute of Cancer Research（ICR） mice were divided into high， medium and low dose groups of water extraction of Evodia Fructus and a blank control group. The administration groups were respectively given 80，60，40 g·kg-1 water extraction of Evodia Fructus， the blank control group was given distilled water in equal volume， blood was taken 24 hours later to determine the serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）values， the liver was weighed and histopathological examination was performed. Evodia Fructus water extract， evodiamine， rutaecarpine and limonin were respectively acted on HepG2 cells for 24 h， and cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method was used to investigate the cytotoxicity. The ICR Mice were divided into two groups， one group was given by oral gavage and the other group was given intraperitoneal injection. The two routes of administration were separately given 3 index components of Evodia Fructus， and the dosage was 200 mg·kg-1. Take blood 24 hours after administration to determine the activity of ALT and AST in serum， and take liver to calculate liver index. ResultCompared with the blank group， the high and medium dose groups of Evodia Fructus water extract were depressed 24 hours after administration， and the behavior of the low dose group was not significantly abnormal. The serum biochemical results showed that the activities of serum ALT and AST in the high and medium dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.01）， the activities of serum ALT and AST in the low dose group were significantly increased， and the histopathological results showed that the high and medium dose groups were significantly increased Punctate necrosis and vacuolar degeneration appeared in the liver of the medium dose group， and there was no obvious abnormality in the low dose group. Compared with the blank group， evodiamine and rutaecarpine had a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells， but the inhibitory effect was not strong. Limonin had no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Compared with the control group， the 3 index components of Evodia Fructus have no effect after oral administration. There was no significant difference in the activity of ALT and AST in serum of mice， and there was no significant difference in liver index. Intraperitoneal injection of evodiamine and rutaecarpine can cause the activity of serum ALT and AST to increase， and limonin can cause ALT activity was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the liver index was significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionEvodia Fructus water extract can cause acute liver injury in mice， Oral administration of evodiamine， rutaecarpine and limonin had no damage to the liver of mice. Intraperitoneal administration of evodiamine and rutaecarpine had no effect on liver injury in mice， and intraperitoneal administration of limonin could cause acute liver injury in mice.

Youguiwan Regulates CXCL8/CXCR1/2 Signaling Pathway and Ang-1 and Ang-2 Expression to Promote Ovarian Angiogenesis in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Chinese herbal compound Youguiwan on angiogenesis of rats with ovarian dysfunction caused by natural aging and its relationship with chemokine interleukin 8 （CXCL8）/CXC chemokine receptor 1/2 （CXCR1/2） signaling pathway， angiopoietin 1 （Ang-1）， and angiopoietin 2 （Ang-2）， so as to explore its mechanism in improving the ovarian function. MethodFifty six female SD rats were randomly divided into the young control group （n=8） and modeling group （n=48， ovarian dysfunction caused by natural aging）. Rats in both the young control and modeling groups were routinely fed， during which the ones in the modeling group underwent exfoliative cytology of vaginal smears for five to seven days. The ones presented with prolonged estrous cycle， followed by continuous estrus and repeated pseudopregnancy revealed by vaginal cytology during four consecutive estrous cycles indicated early aging， and the young rats with keratinocyte proliferation index higher than 50% for 10 consecutive days were classified into the young control group. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the early-aged group， estrogen （65 μg·kg-1·d-1） group， Zuoguiwan （33 g·kg-1·d-1） group， as well as the low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.2， 2.4， 4.8 g·kg-1·d-1） Youguiwan groups. Rats in the young control group and the early-aged group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline for 30 days. After the experiment， the morphological changes in rat ovary were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of chemokines CXCL8， CXCR1， CXCR2， Ang-1， and Ang-2 in rat ovary were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry， and the mRNA expression levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， CXCR2， Ang-1， and Ang-2 by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the young control group， the early-aged group exhibited reduced number of growing follicles， corpus luteum， and blood vessels at all levels， elevated atretic follicles （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in the ovarian tissue （P<0.01）， and down-regulated Ang-1 and Ang-2 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the early-aged group， each medication remarkably increased the number of growing follicles， corpus luteum， and blood vessels （P<0.05）， lowered the number of atretic follicles （P<0.05）， down-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in the ovarian tissue （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionYouguiwan down-regulates the levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in rat ovary and up-regulates the levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 to promote ovarian angiogenesis and improve rat ovarian function.

Culture and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells at air-liquid interface / 中国药理学通报

Aim Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) are a well-established model to study airway epithelial cells. MTEC provides a powerful ap¬proach for the evaluation of the inhalation toxicological in vitro. Methods C57BL/6 mouse tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells were obtained by digestion with protease in cold temperature o- vemight, and the digestion time was optimized to ensure the quantity and viability of the obtained cells. The cells were cul¬tured into collagen coated Transwell inserts. Proliferating phase and air-liquid interface culture were promoted with different cul¬ture media. The expression of tight junction protein and cell trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER) were used to evalu¬ate the formation of tight junction between cells and the analysis of cell polarity. The cilia structure was confirmed by electron mi¬ croscopy and immunofluorescence. Results Highly purified and viable primary airway epithelial cells could be harvested and subcultured by our methods, including morphology and immuno- cytochemistry staining confirmed the expression of MUC5AC, a- tubulin, p-tubulin-IV and ZO-1. The development of tight-junc¬tions and epithelium were similar with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium morphology. Conclusions A comprehen¬sive protocol for ALI culture was established, reproducing the characteristic pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium mor¬phology and physiological functions in vitro. The MTEC protocol provides a stable and reliable method for the isolation, mucocili¬ary differentiation and reproducing.

The design of no-power combination manual/foot control suction apparatus / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this paper, one kind of suction apparatus is introduced, which could use manual, foot control and control combination. The design mentality, realization method, installation constitution and application method are also described. It is suitable to the nonmotile source condition and transportation situation, adapting easily to environment, and getting into favour with the medical staff and field first-aid personnel.

The research on the combination of quality control and centralized management of medical equipments in hospital / 中国医疗器械杂志

This article introduces the forms of the centralized management mode and the methods of quality control, and summarizes the effect.

The research of the foamy fracture fixation splint / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new production method of fracture fixation splint is introduced in the paper. The basic raw materials are multi-isocyanic acid, mixed with surfactants, catalysts, fillers, and so on. The splint, with light weight, high strength, and good injured anastomosis site, could be able to shape easily. It is dry and comfortable, avoiding a gas-tight uncomfortable feeling, easy to remove, remodel, nurse, clean and disinfect after fixed. Patients also could film review directly with fixed splint.

Study on an epilepsy EEG processing system based on independent component analysis (ICA) / 中国医疗器械杂志

An epilepsy EEG processing system designed based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is introduced in the paper, in order to meet the requirements of epileptic screening in clinical medicine. The system adopts module structure and virtual instrument technology, its hardware is mainly configured in the signal-detecting box, data are exchanged between the box and the notebook computer or personal digital assistant (PDA) through certain digital interface, and ICA is executed in the notebook computer or PDA. The virtual EEG processing system based on ICA is able not only to perform ICA algorithms easily, but also to improve the developing efficiency greatly, and it is suitable for disease screening on a large scale.

A vest-pocket instrument for the detection and treatment of the onset of epileptic seizures / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new vest pocket medical instrument is here presented. It can automatically detect and identify the signals of the onset of epileptic seizures, and then as necessasy, will automatically generate an acoustic stimulation that may weaken and shorten the epileptic activity at the initial stage.

The design of precision measure circuit for frequency & duty cycle of bioelectrical signal and its application in neuron-threshold stimulator / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper mainly introduces the principles of a type of circuit for measuring frequency & duty cycle of low-frequency signals, and its applications in neuron-threshold stimulator. The circuit has the advantages of simple structure and accurate measurement.

The method and implementation of measuring the peak of bioelectrical signals / 中国医疗器械杂志

It is always very difficult to process the bioelectrical signals, sampling, amplifying and quantifying because of the different sources it comes from and the mechanism it depends on. This paper mainly introduces a method of measuring the peak value of bioelectrical signals, expatiates on the structure, testing result, analysis for error and measure taken for improvement of the circuit designed by this method. At last, the paper also points out that the method is wonderful, simple, easy to carry out, and can be used in many medical systems.