Age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in children and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity.@*METHODS@#The fresh feces of 177 children and the ileocecal fluid of 47 children during colonoscopy were collected. The SFB was determined by real-time PCR. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of transcription factors associated with the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, T-box transcription factor (T-bet), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), were determined by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of intestinal SFB in these children was 19.2% (34/177). Trend analysis showed that the positive rate of SFB was correlated with age: the rates for children aged 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-15 years were 40%, 47%, 32%, 15%, 12%, 13%, 15% and 4% respectively (P<0.001). The concentration of sIgA in intestinal fluid was significantly higher in SFB-positive children (n=24) than in SFB-negative children (n=23) (P<0.01). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of T-bet, FOXP3, and ROR-γt were not significantly different between the SFB-positive group (n=12) and the SFB-negative group (n=11), but the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum mucosa was significantly lower in the SFB-positive group than in the SFB-negative group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal SFB colonization in children is age-related, and the colonization rate is relatively high in children under 3 years old. In SFB-positive children, the secretion of intestinal sIgA is increased, while the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum is reduced.

Timing of nasojejunal feeding tube placement and enteral nutrition in children with acute pancreatitis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of timing of nasojejunal feeding tube placement and enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in children with acute pancreatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 31 children with acute pancreatitis, who received nasojejunal feeding between January 2008 and July 2013, to investigate the relationship of abdominal symptoms/signs and serum amylase level with the tolerability of catheterization and success rate of enteral nutrition. The treatment outcome and incidence of adverse reactions and complications were compared between the early enteral nutrition group ( ≤7 days from the onset of the disease) and late enteral nutrition group (>7 days from the onset of the disease).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abdominal symptoms/signs and serum amylase level were independent of the tolerable rate of catheterization and success rate of enteral nutrition. Compared with the late enteral nutrition group, the early enteral nutrition group had a shortened time to normal serum amylase level, significantly reduced incidence of systemic complications, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses, and less weight gain. The tolerable rate of catheterization and success rate of enteral nutrition showed no significant difference between the two groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the increase in albumin level after enteral nutrition, duration of enteral nutrition, incidence of adverse reactions, and incidence of local complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abdominal symptoms/signs and serum amylase level cannot be used as a measure of whether nasojejunal feeding tube placement and enteral nutrition can be performed. Early enteral nutrition can better improve clinical outcomes in children with acute pancreatitis, and it is feasible.</p>

First record of Bursaphelenchus rainulfi on pine trees from eastern China and its phylogenetic relationship with intro-genus species / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Bursaphelenchus rainulfi isolated from dead pine trees in Zhejiang, China, is described and illustrated. It also provided some molecular characters of the Chinese population, including the PCR-RFLP and sequences of ITS region and D2-D3 expansion region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Both the morphological characters and ITS-RFLP patterns match with the original description. The phylogenetic trees based on the 13 sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of the LSU rRNA gene and ITS region of Bursaphelenchus species were constructed, respectively, with the results showing the similar clades. The phylogenetic relationship based on the molecular data is similar to that with morphological characters. This is the first report of the species on pine wood in eastern China.