Glutamatergic Neurons in the Caudal Zona Incerta Regulate Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common and fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder. In recent years, it has been recognized that neurotransmitters other than dopamine and neuronal systems outside the basal ganglia are also related to PD pathogenesis. However, little is known about whether and how the caudal zona incerta (ZIc) regulates parkinsonian motor symptoms. Here, we showed that specific glutamatergic but not GABAergic ZIc

Effect of orthodontic force on expression of Asporin after tooth auto-transplantation: an experimental study in Beagle dogs / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of orthodontic light force on the expression of Asporin, bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after auto-transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two maxillary and mandibular incisors in four 13 month-old male Beagle dogs were auto-transplanted to the other side of the same jaw. The teeth were all endodontically treated and divided into four groups, control (group 1) and three experimental groups (groups 2, 3 and 4).In control group, the teeth were unloaded. In the other three experimental groups, continuous force was applied in the 1st week (group 2), 2nd week (group 3) and 4th week (group 4) after auto-transplantation, respectively. The dogs were sacrificed in the 8th week. The mRNA expressions of Asporin,BMP-2 and ALP were examined by real time PCR. The expression of periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1) was examined by Western blotting. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group 3, the expression of Asporin mRNA (2.047 ± 0.281) was higher than that in the other three groups, while the expression of BMP-2 (1.358 ± 0.095) was lower than that in group 2 and control group (P < 0.05). The expression of PLAP-1 (1.054 ± 0.113) in group 3 was higher than other groups, while significant difference was found between any two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Orthodontic force could stimulate the expression of Asporin and PLAP-1. The orthodontic force applied in the 2nd week after the tooth auto-transplantation, the expression of Asporin and PLAP-1 reached the highest level.</p>

Effect of orthodontic force on periodontal healing after autotransplantation: an experimental study / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the continuous light force to the donor teeth on the periodontal healing after transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two maxillary and mandibular incisors in four 10-month-old male Beagle dogs were autotransplanted. The pulps were removed in all teeth. The teeth were divided into four groups, one control and three experimental groups. In control group (group 1), the teeth were unloaded. In the other three experimental groups, continuous force (0.49 N) was applied in the 1st (group 2), 2nd (group 3) and 4th (group 4) week, respectively. The dogs were sacrificed in the 8th week. The tissue blocks were demineralized and sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth. The histological analysis was made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histomophometric analysis revealed a significantly lower occurrence of replacement root resorption in the group 3 (2.1%) than in the control group (12.5%, P < 0.05). The significant lower incidence of replacement root resorption, and a higher surface and inflammatory root resorption were found in group 2 (6.3% and 68.8%) than in the control group (12.5% and 41.7%, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between group 4 and control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The orthodontic force promoted the regeneration of the periodontal ligament and prevented dentoalveolar ankylosis, whereas excessive initial force might cause root and bone resorption.</p>