Research progress of Rehmanniae Radix in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

Osteoporosis fracture with high disability and mortality is a difficult problem that seriously affects the life quality of individuals. At present, there is still a lack of anti-osteoporosis drugs with clear target and significant efficacy in the clinical practice. Rehmanniae Radix and its prescriptions have significant clinical effects. In this regard, more and more studies have reported the effects and mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and its active components, and the certain research outputs have been achieved. In this article, the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database were searched to collect and organize the latest research progress of Rehmanniae Radix treatment of osteoporosis in the recent 10 years. We summarized the research dynamics as well as the function indexes and mechanisms of the raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix, active ingredients such as catalpol, aucubin, acteoside and Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharide, and their formulating prescriptions, and then excavated the potential active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways, including the effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, promoting the osteoblast proliferation and promoting osteogenesis differentiation(increasing alkaline phosphatase, typeⅠ collagen, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin and promoting calcium deposits), increasing the bone density, inhibiting the osteoclast quantity and differentiation, promoting the osteoclast apoptosis, and reducing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and bone resorption pit area to provide the reference and develop new ideas for developing Rehmanniae Radix prescriptions for treatment of osteoporosis and exploring its mechanism.

Study on effective sites of anti-gonococcus in Polygonum capitatum extract / 中草药

Objective To analyze the components of active anti-gonococcal fractions in the extracts of Polygonum capitatum. Methods Drug sensitive paper method and Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture method were used to detect the antibacterial activity of different parts of the flower bud extract against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. UPLC-TOF-MS was used to identify the effective parts of the flower bud extract with anti-gonococcal effect. Results As a result, in the eluate obtained by extracting with a specific macroporous resin, the hydrolysable tannin was contained in the methanol (35%) eluate (fraction F3), such as trigallocyl glucose. This fraction had a good anti-gonococcal effect. The fractions of F2 and F4-6 had a weak antibacterial effect, while other fractions have no antibacterial effect. Conclusion This study provides a basis for the use of trigalactosyl glucose in the preparation of anti-gonococcal drugs, and lays a foundation for the development of a clinical drug of P. capitatum extracts against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Effect of Xiao Chaihutang on NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Synovial Tissue of CFA Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain (TARDD), nuclear transcription factor-κB inhibiting protein α(IκBα)IκB kinase-α (IKKα) and nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB p65 protein in the NF-κB signaling pathway of synovial tissues of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rats after treatment with Xiao Chaihutang (XCHT). Method:In animal experiments, SPF health adult female Wistar rats were used to prepare the CFA animal model of rats with rheumatoid arthritis with Freund's complete adjuvant and cattle Ⅱ collagen type. According to the random number table, the rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the low-dose XCHT group, the medium-dose XCHT group, the high-dose XCHT group, and the Tripterygium glucosides group. The drugs were given at 7 d after the model was built. Both normal group and model group were given water for injection,and low-dose XCHT group(5.94 g·kg-1),medium-dose XCHT group(11.88 g·kg-1),high-dose XCHT group(23.76 g·kg-1),Tripterygium glucosides group(0.006 3 g·kg-1) were given corresponding drugs by gavage for three times a day, 2 mL/time. The histopathology of rat ankle joint was observed, and the protein expressions of TARDD,IKKα,IκBα,NF-κB p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway in synovial tissue of CFA rats were detected by Western blot. Result:With the increase of the dosage of XCHT, the histopathological score of the right posterior ankle joint of the experimental rats was increased. And in the protein expressions of TARDD,IKKα,IκBα,NF-κB p65 in NF-κB signaling pathway in Synovial Tissue of CFA rats, compared with the model group, the statistical results of the low-dose XCHT group showed decreased protein expressions (PPPα, IκB α, NF-κB p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly increased (PPα, IκBα, NF-κB p65 key protein expressions in the NF-κB signaling pathway and protein expressions in low-dose XCHT group were obviously lower (PPConclusion:This study shows that as the dose of Xiao Chaihutang increases, it could effectively improve synovitis, and suppress the expressions of key proteins in the inflammatory signaling pathway of NF-κB, thereby preventing inflammation and suppressing bone erosion.

Clinico-neuropathological features of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 gene mutations in lower-grade gliomas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are important for both the integrated diagnosis and the prognosis of diffuse gliomas. The p.R132H mutation of IDH1 is the most frequently observed IDH mutation, while IDH2 mutations were relatively rarely studied. The aim of the study was to determine the pathological and genetic characteristics of lower-grade gliomas that carry IDH2 mutations.@*METHODS@#Data from 238 adult patients with lower-grade gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. The status of IDH1/2 gene mutations, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations, O-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, 1p/19q co-deletion and the expressions of IDH1 R132H, alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation, and p53 were evaluated. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated via Kaplan-Meier estimation using the log-rank test.@*RESULTS@#Totally, 71% (169/238) of patients were positive for IDH mutations, including 12 patients harboring mutations in IDH2. Among the 12 patients with IDH2 mutations, ten patients harbored the R172K mutation, one patient harbored the R172S mutation and one harbored the R172W mutation. Of these, 11 tumors occurred in the frontal lobe and showed morphology typical of oligodendroglioma. The proportion of grade II tumors was higher than that of grade III tumors in IDH2 mutant-gliomas. IDH2 mutations were frequently associated with TERT promoter mutations, 1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation. IDH2 mutations were associated with better outcomes compared with IDH wild-type gliomas (P < 0.05). However, the PFS and OS did not differ from that of IDH1 mutant patients (P = 0.95 and P = 0.60, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IDH2 mutations are more frequent in oligodendrogliomas and associated with a better prognosis. IDH2 mutations may segregate in distinct clinico-pathological and genetic subtypes of gliomas, and therefore may merit routine investigation.

Application in diagnosis and treatment of circulating tumor cell detection in lung cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that fall off from the primary tumor and enter into the blood circulation system. CTCs detection will contribute to diagnosing tumor in its early stage, monitoring the relapse and metastasis, evaluating the prognosis. In this review, the recent progress and the application in diagnosis and treatment of CTCs detection methods in lung cancer were summarized.

Clinical Characteristic of "triple-negative" Essential Thrombocythaemia Patients and Mutation Analysis by Targeted Sequencing / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Essential thrombocythemia is a subgroup of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Previous studies identified mutations of JAK2, CALR, and MPL that are closely related with the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. All these mutations contribute to the hyperactivation of JAK2/STAT pathway. However, a small proportion of essential thrombocythemia patients does not display such mutations. The pathogenesis of "triple-negative" form of essential thrombocythemia remains unknown.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics of triple-negative essential thrombocythemia and related mutation genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To identify the mutations associated with triple-negative essential thrombocythemia, next-generation sequencing was used to conduct targeted sequencing of 360 genes in samples from 68 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At least one missense mutation was detected in all the patients and all the detected genes. After screening the data, it was observed that 10 genes with the 10 highest mutation were follows: FLT3, SH2B3, ASXL1, ADAMTS1, TET2, TP53, EGFR, CUX1, GATA2, and MPL.When only rare genes (i.e., with a frequency in Asian populations lower than 5%, as estimated by the 1000 Genomes Project) were analyzed, the most frequently mutated genes in the patients were TET2 (33.82%), SH2B3(29.41%), and ASXL1 (23.53%). Our study identified some mutations that did not previously reported. Although all these mutations need further validation, high incidence rates may indicate relevance of the respective mutations to essential thrombocythemia pathogenesis. Some of the detected mutations have been previously reported; these mutations were also found in a large proportion of our subjects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>whole-exon sequencing can provide a higher level of accuracy for gene mutation analysis and assist in identifying mutations that contribute to illustrate the pathogenesis of essential thrombocythemia.</p>

Application in diagnosis and treatment of circulating tumor cell detection in lung cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that fall off from the primary tumor and enter into the blood circulation system. CTCs detection will contribute to diagnosing tumor in its early stage, monitoring the relapse and metastasis, evaluating the prognosis. In this review, the recent progress and the application in diagnosis and treatment of CTCs detection methods in lung cancer were summarized.

Analysis of alcohol extract and water extract of Polygonum capitatum by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this study, we used Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry(UPLC-TOF-MS)to identify the chemical constituents in both ethanol and water extract of Polygonum capitatum. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) was used for separation. The mobile phase was consisted of(A) 0.10% formic acid in water and(B)0.10% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0.35 mL•min⁻¹. ESI source in negative ion mode was used for MS detection. Structural identification was carried out according to the accurate mass and matching with database. The results showed that flavonoids, polyphenols and lignans were the main components in both extracts. However, the chemical compositions of both extracts were different, e.g. there are less hydrolyzable tannins, loss of ellagic acid and more anthocyanins in ethanol extract. In a conclusion, this study provides an important scientific basis for identifying the active ingredients in P. capitatum, which also help to reveal the pharmacological effect of P. capitatum.

Effect of mecobalamin on diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its effect on plasma homocysteine / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the correlation analysis of mecobalamin in treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its plasma homocysteine level. Methods 100 patients were selected from January 2013 to August 2016 treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, according to admission ID, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, each group of 50 people. At the same time, 50 healthy persons were collected as normal control group and two groups were given routine treatment of Western medicine. The observation group was given mecobalamin. The plasma levels of plasma homocysteine were detected in the three groups, and the improvement degree of neuropathy was assessed by clinical and electrophysiological methods. Results The observation group and the control group of patients before treatment, plasma homocysteine levels were significantly higher than normal control group; the observation group with Mecobalamin after treatment of plasma homocysteine level in patients were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05); through clinical and electrophysiological evaluation method of observation group of patients in the neuropathic symptoms and nerve conduction velocity is the control group improved significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of plasma homocysteine and diabetic peripheral neuropathy have a strong correlation, and the use of mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy can decrease homocysteine levels in patients with, and is effective for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and can be widely applied in clinical treatment.

Effect of mecobalamin on diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its effect on plasma homocysteine / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the correlation analysis of mecobalamin in treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its plasma homocysteine level. Methods 100 patients were selected from January 2013 to August 2016 treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, according to admission ID, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, each group of 50 people. At the same time, 50 healthy persons were collected as normal control group and two groups were given routine treatment of Western medicine. The observation group was given mecobalamin. The plasma levels of plasma homocysteine were detected in the three groups, and the improvement degree of neuropathy was assessed by clinical and electrophysiological methods. Results The observation group and the control group of patients before treatment, plasma homocysteine levels were significantly higher than normal control group; the observation group with Mecobalamin after treatment of plasma homocysteine level in patients were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05); through clinical and electrophysiological evaluation method of observation group of patients in the neuropathic symptoms and nerve conduction velocity is the control group improved significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of plasma homocysteine and diabetic peripheral neuropathy have a strong correlation, and the use of mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy can decrease homocysteine levels in patients with, and is effective for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and can be widely applied in clinical treatment.

Effect of human activities and air purifier on airborne microorganisms and particulate matter in a bronchoscopy room / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of personnel activities and air purifiers on airborne microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room.Methods According to whether there was personal activity and air purifier in the bronchoscopy room,the experiment was divided into four groups:dynamic non-purification group,dynamic purification group,static non-purification group,and static purification group,indoor air samples were collected and analyzed at five different time points (0,0.5,1,2,4 h),microorganisms in the air were collected by planktonic method,then cultured and counted,concentration of particulate matter was determined by DT-9881M laser dust particle counter,variance analysis of factorial design was used for statistical analysis.Results Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,fungi,total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi),PM2.5,and PM2.5-10.0 in dynamic non purification group were (113.53 ± 7.78) CFU/m3,(89.67 ± 7.17) CFU/m3,(203.20 ± 10.92) CFU/m3,(86 557.20 ±4 158.29) counts/m3,and (659.69 ± 38.91) counts/m3 respectively,in static non-purification group were (84.33 ± 3.65) CFU/m3,(65.00 ± 2.65)CFU/m3,(149.33 ± 4.98) CFU/m3,(45 812.64 ±1 279.61) counts/m3,and (189.15 ± 4.64) counts/m3 respectively,in dynamic purification group were (84.80 ±8.08) CFU/m3,(90.40 ± 5.50) CFU/m3,(175.20 ± 9.22) CFU/m3,(49 336.38 ± 2 039.16) counts/m3,and (218.36 ± 7.02) counts/m3 respectively,in static purification group were (67.80 ± 5.63) CFU/m3,(38.27 ± 3.70)CFU/m3,(106.07 ± 6.76) CFU/m3,(29 772.53 ± 2 212.93) counts/m3,and (124.80 ± 7.16) counts/m3 respectively.Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,total microorganisms,PM2.5,and PM2.s 10.0 in dynamic group were all higher than those in static group,non-purification group were higher than purification group(both P ＜0.05),colony count of fungi in dynamic non-purification group was higher than static non-purification group,in static purification group was lower than static non-purification group(both P＜0.05),there was no significant difference between dynamic purification group and dynamic non-purification group (P =0.936).Conclusion Personal activities can increase colony count/concentration of microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room,air purifier can reduce the bacteria,total microbial count,and particulate matter in the air of bronchoscopy room.

Role of NF-κB inhibitor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of NF-κB inhibitor in occurence and development of AML.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>AML and normal bone marrow samples were collected from 8 AML patients and 8 normal persons. The expression of NF-κB signaling pathway genes was detected by NF-κB PCR array. Then, AML mouse model was constructed to test the role of NF-κB inhibitor in AML.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NF-κB signal pathway was activated in AML patients. The up-regulated genes, EDARADD, TNFSF14, could activate the NF-κB signal pathway, IL6 could regulate the inflammatory signal. The down-regulated genes, TNFRSF 10B, TNFRSF1A, could lead to cell apoptosis. the AML mouse model was constructed successfully. Then administration of NF-κB inhibitor reduced the inhibition of leukemia niche to the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), promoted the HSC to enter into cell cycle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NF-κB signal pathway is activated in AML cells. AML mouse model is constructed successfully. NF-κB inhibitor has a potential to treat AML and promotes the HSC to enrter into cell cycle.</p>

Malnutrition in early life and cardiovascular disease in adulthood / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood is influenced by the environment in early life. Intrauterine and early postnatal malnutrition and the following catch-up growth have a long-term effect on blood pressure and endothelial function in adulthood. Well-established prenatal or/and postnatal animal models are used to study the impact of different nutritional intervention on CVD in adulthood. This article reviews the early original cause of chronic CVD in adulthood with the hypothesis of DOHaD (the developmental origins of health and disease), and proposes possible preventions in early life on the basis of this theory.

Effect of SNS-032 on biological activity of hematopoietic stem cells in mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of SNS-032 (C17 H24 N4O2S2) on cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in mice. The self-renewal capability of bone marrow cells was measured by cobblestone forming cell test. The expressions of self-renewal regulation genes, cell cycle-related genes, apoptosis-related genes were measured by real-time PCR. The cell cycle status and apoptosis of HSC and HPC were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that there was no significant difference of the frequency of HSC between SNS-032 and control group. The expressions of CDK1, CDK2, CDK7 and p27 decreased in HSC (P < 0.05) while the expressions of CDK4, CDK6, p21, p18, p19, Bcl-2, Bax, Puma, p53, Bim1, Sall4 and Notch1 showed no difference between SNS-032 group and control group (P > 0.05). The fraction of viable HSC in each phase of cell cycle remained unchanged after the treatment of SNS-032 (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the apoptotic fractions between control and drug-treated groups (P > 0.05). It is concluded that SNS-032 induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Interestingly, SNS-032 has no significant inhibitory effect on self-renewal and differentiation of normal HSC, as well as no obvious effect inducing apoptosis of normal HSC and HPC.

Study on sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers of Polygonum capitatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish sequence characterized amplified region markers of Polygonum capitatum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The random primer was screened through RAPD to obtain the specific RAPD marker band, and the band was separated, extracted, cloned and sequenced. The specific primers were designed for conventional PCR reaction on the basis of the specific band, and the SCAR marker was acquired.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Screening from 50 RAPD primer, only C29 primer had 2 specific bands could distinguish P. capitatum from P. nepalense, then 4 pairs of specific primers were designed based on the 2 sequences of RAPD marker bands, and only 1 pair primer (Z1-2) was successfully converted into SCAR marker after repeated tests.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Z1-2 primer, could be used as an effective SCAR mark to identify Z300 DNA for P. capitatum. The SCAR mark was established and can be used as a molecular marker to distinguish P. capitatum from P. nepalense</p>

An improved protocol of preparing bone marrow cells for fluorescence in situ hybridization / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to establish a smear protocol for preparing bone marrow cells and investigate its effect on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signal. Probe DNA (C-myc, MDM2, STK6) was labeled with Spectrum Green, PromoFluor-555 and PromoFluor-415 by nick translation. Five bone marrow samples were tested by two methods separately. Traditional method: after removing the erythrocytes by hypoosmotic solution, the bone marrow cells were fixed in methanol/acetic acid (3:1). Improved method: erythrocytes were removed using density gradient centrifugation and fixed in methanol. The samples were then fixed again in 2 formaldehyde for 5 min. The FISH signal was assessed by comparing the relative signal intensity of each fluorophore with the autofluorescence background. The results indicated that improved method greatly increased the ratio of fluorescence signal intensity in the Spectrum Green, PromoFluor-555 and PromoFluor-415 channel (traditional method: 4.3 ± 0.19, 3.52 ± 0.04, 3.07 ± 0.08; improved method: 9.89 ± 0.41, 7.55 ± 0.5, 5.67 ± 0.18, n = 5, P < 0.01) respectively. The signal intensity increased 2.32, 2.14 and 1.85-fold in the Spectrum Green, PromoFluor-555 and PromoFluor-415 channel respectively. In addition, the improved method decreased the split signals [traditional method: (15.8 ± 1.74), (20.42 ± 2.88), (23.2 ± 3.02); improved method: (8.6 ± 1.2), (12.28 ± 1.33), (12.6 ± 2.56), n = 5, P < 0.05]. It is concluded that the improved optimal procedure which facilitates FISH intensity on bone marrow cells is developed, showing potential for wide application in the diagnosis of hematologic diseases.

Effects of DAPT on biological activity of hematopoietic stem cells in mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was to investigate the effects of DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L:-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine-butyl ester) on cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of mouse and to elucidate the possible mechanisms. The mRNA expressions of cell cycle-related genes p18, p21, p27, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, mcl-1, Bax, Bim, p53, Puma were measured by real-time PCR. The cell cycle and apoptosis of Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells and CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow cells were detected by flow cytometry. The differentiation level of HSC was determined by single cell culture. The expansion of HSC were measured with long-term culture. The results indicated that the mRNA expression of the cell cycle related-genes CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p27 in Lin(-) c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells increased (P < 0.05), the expression of p18, p21 decreased (P < 0.05), the expression of the apoptosis related-genes Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, p53, Puma in Lin(-) c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells increased (P < 0.05), the expression of Bim decreased (P < 0.05), the expression of Mcl-1 had not changed (P > 0.05) after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 5 d. The changes of cell cycle of Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow had no statistical significance after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 5 d, CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow at G(0) phase decreased and at G(1) phase increased after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 5 d (P < 0.05); the apoptotic fractions of Lin(-) c-kit(+) Sca-1(+) marked cells and CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow increased after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 5 d (P < 0.05). The changes of colony number, average number of cells in wells and their differentiation had no statistical significance (P > 0.05) after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 10 d. Expansion of HSC in bone marrow of mouse decreased after treatment with DAPT 1 µmol/L for 3 d. It is concluded that DAPT not only enhances the exhaustion of CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow cells of mouse, but also enhances the apoptosis of Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells and CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in bone marrow cells of mouse. DAPT also reduces the expansion of HSC. However, the changes of survival and differentiation of single CD34(-)Lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) marked cells in mouse bone marrow cells have no statistical significance.

Color Doppler ultrasonic measurements of normal mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy children / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in evaluating the mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mesenteric lymph nodes were examined with color Doppler ultrasonography for 730 randomly selected healthy children under 14 years of age, including 410 boys and 298 girls who did not report any recent medical conditions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abdominal lymph node detection rate was higher in boys than in girls. Abdominal lymph nodes were detected most often in children between the ages of 1 and 4 years, and the lymph node size decreased gradually with age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Color Doppler ultrasonography is valuable for evaluating abdominal lymph nodes in children.</p>

Clinical application of iliac nail for the treatment of lumbosacral and pelvis reconstruction / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effects of iliac nail in the treatment of lumbar sacral and pelvis reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form January 2004 to February 2010,10 patients (4 males and 6 females, ranging age from 25 to 75 years, with an average of 46.5 years ) were treated. Among the patients, 5 cases were L5S1 vertebral tuberculosis, 2 cases were sacral giant-cell tumors and 3 cases were severe osteoporosis combined with lumbar sacral slipping. The main symptoms manifested low back pain, limited activity and dysphasia before treatment. Iliac nail and lumbar-sacral pedicle screw were used for reconstruction of lumbar-sacral spine and pelvis. Nakai scale was used to evaluate therapeutic effects, Suk scale for osseous fusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All operations were succeful, obtained primary healing. All the patients were followed up, and the mean time of follow-up was 24 months (ranged from 18 to 36 months). The complications, such as weakness and decreased sensation of lower libs and activity, increased spinal cord injury, were not occurred after operation. According to Nakai scale, 7 cases got excellent result, 2 good and 1 fair. All bone graft were bony fusion with an average time of 3.5 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Iliac nail can fixed well between lumbar vertebra and pelvis and solve the problem of fixation due to pathological changes of lumbosacral region. It is an ideal method of less blood loss and operating time.</p>

CT radiographic study of different paths of iliac screw path / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the best effective and accepted path of iliac screws for lumbar sacral spine and pelvis to provide reference for reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Feb. 2009 to Aug. 2009, radiographic data of 50 patients were selected for various reasons, pelvic CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction and no positive performance, included 28 males and 22 females with an average age of 41.2 years old, ranging from 19 to 65 years. Designed four paths, in path A, B, C, CLIC (crossing point of Chiotic line and posterior iliac crest, located 24 mm on the top of posterior superior iliac spine) was the starting point for the path in the direction of the upper edge of the acetabulum, anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabulum center; in path D, the posterior superior iliac spine was starting point to direct anterior inferior iliac spine. The length of the screw channel and two narrow points in the screw channel of the bone plate thickness data of each different path were measured and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The path A (CLIC point to the upper edge of the acetabulum) and the path B (CLIC point to the AIIS) and the path D (PSIS to AIIS) had correspond length of the screw channel, but the thickness of iliac of path A was thicker than that of path B and D. The iliac thickness of path A (CLIC point to the upper edge of the acetabulum) and the path C (CLIC point to the acetabular center) has no significant difference, but the channel length of path A was significant longer than that of path C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Path A from the CLIC point to the direction of the upper edge of acetabular ilium nail route was the longest path and the iliac bone plate was the most thick, and able to accommodate the relatively longest and most coarse iliac screw, but also bear the greatest tension. It is the best iliac nail route.</p>