Research on the construction of a performance appraisal index system for medical specialty alliances / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To build a performance appraisal index system for medical specialty alliances, as a reference for promoting the development of the alliances in a connotation-based, high quality and sustainable manner.Methods:An index system was initialized by means of policy literature review and brainstorming, which was followed by two rounds of expert consultations to finalize the index system. Each index in the system was weighted through the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A performance appraisal index system of specialist alliances so developed comprised the six level-1 indexes of organization and implementation, hierarchical healthcare, influence capacity, talent cultivation, clinical research and academic research, as well as 31 level-2 indexes. The average scoring of importance and operability of all the indexes was>3.50, while the weights of organization and implementation(0.205 3), talent cultivation(0.178 8)and clinical research indexes(0.165 1)were higher than the rest.Conclusions:The performance appraisal index system of specialty alliances proves highly reliable and scientific, serving a desirable vehicle for the leaders of the alliance to develop cross-regional development of medical specialties.

Effect of thoracic artery blood supply on the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant peripheral pulmonary lesions / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate whether the existence of thoracic artery blood supply in peripheral pulmonary lesions is the key factor affecting the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant lesions.Methods:From June 2020 to December 2021, a total of 170 patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions were consecutively enrolled in Xi′an Chest Hospital, and all patients underwent conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS). Taking ΔAT(lesion-lung arrival time difference ) of 2.5 seconds as the cut-off point for differentiating benign and malignant lesions(ΔAT<2.5 s for benign, ΔAT≥2.5 s for malignant), and the final pathological results as the gold standard, these patiens were divided into correct classification group and wrong classification group, and the main influencing factors of wrong classification were analyzed.Results:Compared with the correct classification group, the proportion of thoracic artery blood supply in the wrong classification group was significantly higher ( P<0.001). After adjusting the dendritic venous reflux, thoracic artery blood supply was an independent influencing factor for CEUS misclassification ( OR=3.531, 95% CI=1.805-6.908, P<0.001). In the patients with thoracic artery blood supply, the sensitivity of the absence of dendritic venous reflux in judging malignant peripulmonary lesions was 75.0%, the specificity was 91.3%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.832 (95% CI=0.715-0.915, P<0.001), while the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of CEUS in judging malignant peripulmonary lesions were 68.7%, 67.4% and 0.659 (95% CI=0.528-0.775, P=0.006), and there was significant statistical difference in the AUC between them( P<0.001). In the group of patients without thoracic arterial blood supply, the sensitivity of the absence of dendritic venous reflux in judging malignant peripulmonary lesions was 82.8%, the specificity was 63.3%, and the AUC was 0.730 (95% CI=0.636-0.811, P<0.001), while the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of CEUS in judging malignant peripulmonary lesions were 62.1%, 81.0% and 0.684 (95% CI=0.587-0.770, P=0.003), and there was no significant difference in the AUC between them ( P=0.425). Conclusions:The presence of thoracic artery blood supply significantly decrease the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS in differentiating benign and malignant of peripheral pulmonary lesions. For peripheral pulmonary lesions with thoracic arterial blood supply, the diagnostic efficiency of dendritic venous reflux is better than CEUS, while for lesions without thoracic artery supply, the diagnostic efficiency of dendritic venous reflux is equivalent to CEUS.

Screening of differentially expressed miRNAs in A549 cells induced by 17-AAG-M and its effect on radio-sensitivity / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To screen 17-AAG-M-induced differentially expressed miRNAs in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells under X-ray and evaluate its effect on radio-sensitivity.Methods:A549 cells were treated with 17-AAG-M and 4 Gy. Total RNA was extracted for microarray screening. The expression of the miRNAs of interest in the tumor was observed by public database. The target miRNAs were analyzed by using GO and KEGG pathways, and verified by qPCR. The effect of target miRNAs on the survival rate and proliferation of A549 cells under X-ray was evaluated by MTT and clone formation assays. The radio-sensitivity of the target miRNAs was analyzed by the single-hit multi-target model formula.Results:20 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened. The down-regulated hsa-miR-30a-3p showed a close correlation with lung cancer in the database. It was involved with 50 biological processes including cell proliferation and affected the MAPK signaling pathway, cancer-related pathways and cell cycle, etc. Compared with the 17-AAG-M group, the relative expression level of hsa-miR-30a-3p under the action of 17-AAG-M and X-ray was down-regulated from 2.42 to 0.16. hsa-miR-30a-3p inhibited the survival rate of A549 cells (survival rate: 78.52%) and further decreased to 69.00% under X-ray. Up-regulation of hsa-miR-30a-3p expression inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and increased the radio-sensitivity of A549 cells. The radio-sensitization ratio was 1.18. The above performance became more obvious under the action of 17-AAG-M.Conclusions:In A549 cells, hsa-miR-30a-3p is differentially expressed under the action of 17-AAG-M and X-ray. Moreover, up-regulation of the expression level of hsa-miR-30a-3p in A549 cells can reduce the viability and proliferation of tumor cells, and increase the radio-sensitivity of tumor cells. The inhibition effect of X-ray combined with 17-AAG-M upon tumors can be strengthened.

Therapeutic effect of modified frontal muscle flap transfer with facial nerve function fully preserved in the correction of severe blepharoptosis / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of modified frontal muscle flap with facial nerve function preserved in the treatment of severe blepharoptosis, and to observe its therapeutic effect and recurrence rate.Methods:From May 2005 to may 2019, 17 patients (26 eyes) with severe blepharoptosis were treated with modified triangular frontalis muscle flap. The curative effect and satisfaction were evaluated.Results:After 6 months to 10 years＇ follow-up, the patients with blepharoptosis were well corrected, and the function of opening and closing was restored to normal. 24 eyes in 26 eyes were cured, and 2 eyes were basically cured. No recurrence or retraction of the upper eyelid occurred. 14 patients were very satisfied with the treatment effect, 2 were basically satisfied, 1 was not satisfied.Conclusions:The transfer of the triangle frontalis flap in the upper part of the eyelid can correct the blepharoptosis effectively, and keep the function of facial nerve fully, then avoid the paralysis of frontalis flap caused by nerve conduction obstacle, which can reduce the recurrence rate.

Updates on invasive pneumococcal disease′s in children and their pathogenic strains / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen of infections in children, and can cause invasive and non-invasive diseases.The invasive diseases cause extremely heavy burden and particularly serious consequences to patients.In this article, the recent progress in the epidemiology, disease distribution, and strain changes of invasive pneumococcal diseases was reviewed, which provided reference for vaccine design, immunization program implementation and clinical treatment.

Inhibitory effect of 17AAG-cypate polymer micelles on A549 cell xenografts in nude mice in vivo / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of 17AAG-Cypate micelles on the non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells in nude mice and to explore its possible mechanism.@*Methods@#A549 lung adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing nude mice were established. The nude mice were treated with saline ( saline group), X-ray (X-ray group), 17AAG micelles+ X-ray (17AAG-M/X group) and 17AAG-Cypate micelles+ laser/X-ray (17AAG-Cypate-M/L+ X group), respectively. The growth of xenograft tumors in different groups was measured on a regular basis to delineate the growth curve. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was measured by immunohistochemistry. The microvascular density was detected. The apoptosis of xenograft tissues was observed by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were quantitatively measured by Western blot.@*Results@#Compared with the saline group, varying degrees of inhibition of tumor growth were observed in the X-ray, 17AAG-M/X-ray and 17AAG-Cypate-M/L+ X groups, particularly in the 17AAG-Cypate-M/L+ X group (all P<0.05). In all groups, the expression levels of PCNA were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05), the microvascular density was remarkably reduced (all P<0.05) and the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were considerably down-regulated (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#17AAG-Cypate micelles can inhibit the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer in nude mice, probably by reducing the activity of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT, thereby weakening the activation of the MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.

Effect of down-regulation NEK-2 level on radio-sensitibity of A549 cells / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of down-regulation NEK-2 level on the radiosensitivity of A549 cells.Methods NEK-2 siRNA was transfected to A549 cells with liposome and NEK-2 expression level was inspected by Western blot.The radiosensitivity was detected by clone formation experiment.Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Immunofluorescence experiment was used to detect the DNA double strand break and repair.Results NEK-2 siRNA successfully suppressed NEK-2 expression in A549 cells and resuced the cell proliferation ability after irradiation compared to the blank control group and the negative control group.It can improve the radiosensitivity of A549 cells (The radiosensitivity of A549 cells enhanced significantly.).The D0 values declined form 1.80 Gy to 1.40 Gy,and the sensitizing enhancement ratio was 1.32.After irradiation,compared to negative control group,the apoptosis rate was significantly improved (7.85％ to 17.17％),cells in G2/M phase were obviously increased (9.23％ to 30.16％),the DNA double strand break rate was increased (100％ to 165％) and the DNA damage repair rate was reduced (100％ to 48％) in NEK-2 siRNA group.The comparisons among the groups wer statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions NEK-2 siRNA reduced the proliferation and increased the radiosensitivity of A549 cell line,probably by affecting the cell cycle,promoting cell apoptosis and suppressing DNA damage repair.

Chemotactic response of ginseng endophyte to ginseng root exudates / 中国中药杂志

The ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 is a potential biocontrol agent for ginseng bacterial soft rot. In this paper,the chemotactic response of ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 on 8 kinds of sugar and amino acids was detected by capillary method to explore its biocontrol mechanism. The chemotactic response of F1 strain to 4 kinds of better chemotaxis substances such as glucose,glycine,L-rhamnoseand L-glutamic acid under parameters( concentration,time,temperature and pH) was studied. The results showed that under the same experimental conditions( incubation temperature 25 ℃,incubation time 60 min,chemotaxis concentration 1 mg·L~(-1)),ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 showed different degrees of response to the eight substances tested. The phenomenon of positive chemotaxis of the measured sugars and amino acids was obvious,and the chemotactic response to total ginsenosides was low. The degree of chemotaxis response is positively correlated with the chemotaxis index within a certain range of parameters,but as the temperature,p H,time,concentration and other factors continue to increase,the chemotaxis effect decreases,and F1 optimizes the chemotaxis of the four substances. The parameters are as follows: glucose: 25 ℃,10 mg·L~(-1),45 min,pH 7; glycine: 30 ℃,10 mg·L~(-1),75 min,pH7; L-rhamnose: 30 ℃,1 mg·L~(-1),30 min,pH 6; L-glutamic acid: 25 ℃,0. 1 mg·L~(-1),45 min,pH 8. The chemotactic response is more sensitive to low concentrations of chemotactic substances.

Problem exploration and measures on the investigator initiated trial from the perspective of scientific research supervision / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective By analyzing the problems existed in the Investigator Initiated Trial (IIT),this article put forward the corresponding countermeasures and therefore provides reference for the standardization of clinical research project management.Methods Four types of problems identified in the supervision of hospital IIT projects are analyzed according to literature review,data analysis of clinical research project,comparative study and summary.Identified problems are existed in the following aspects:scientific research supervision function,research method guidelines,technical specification of the diagnosis and treatment,scientific research design and project approval review,research funds,medical ethics committee,construction of Biobank and Regulation Conflicts.Results This article put forward 6 countermeasures for improvement:establishing and perfect IIT project scientific research supervision entity,bring in the IIT project steering group to strengthen the scientific review;Strengthen risk management to ensure medical safety,carry out IIT training,establish IIT management database information system,build a comprehensive integrated development multi-point application model of hospital BioBank.Conclusions The establishment of the hospital's IIT scientific research supervision system,management mode and technical standard system is of great importance to standardize clinical research,ensure research quality and guide the clinical research work of the hospital effectively.

Two new compounds from rifamycin resistant mutant strain Streptomyces sp. HS-NF-1046R / 药学学报

Using silica gel column chromatography, gel chromatography and HPLC, we isolated secondary metabolites in fermentation broth of a rifamycin resistant mutation strain Streptomyces sp. HS-NF-1046R. Based on spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of three compounds were identified as 3-hydroxyl-2-N-propionyl- anthranilamide (1), 2,3-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl quinazolin-4-(1H)-one (2) and 2-aminobenzamide (3). Compounds 1 and 2, as new entities, were evaluated for cytotoxicity against A549, HepG2, HCT-116 and K562 cells using the SRB assay. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited no cytotoxicity with IC50 over 100 μmol·L-1.

Synthesis of Fibrauretin Derivatives and Their Inhibition on Acetylcholinesterase Activity / 分析化学

The structure of fibrauretin made by our lab was modified. Fibrauretin was demethylated at 9-site under high temperature pyrolysis at 160℃-180℃ and was reacted with a series of acid chlorides. Twele derivatives of fibrauretin were obtained. The structure of each derivative was determined by1H-NMR and13C-NMR. The derivatives were 9-O-benzoyl-fibrauretin, 9-O-( 2-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-( 4-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(4-(chloromethyl) benzoyl)-fibrauretin and other derivatives. The 12 derivatives are all new chemical compounds. Taking ATCI as substrate,the inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the head of flies of the fibrauretin and its derivatives were screened. The results showed that most of the derivatives had improved their inhibitory activity on AChE through esterification reaction. Compounds 9-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-fibrauretinand 9-O-(4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)-fibrauretin had significant inhibitory effect on AChE,and the inhibitory activity was stronger than the that of donepezil.

Effects of moxibustion at different timings on recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic surgery / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of preoperative and postoperative moxibustion at different timings on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 108 patients were randomly divided into a preoperative moxibustion group (36 cases), a postoperative moxibustion group (36 cases and 1 dropping), and a control group (36 cases and 1 dropping). Routine care after laparoscopic surgery was received in all three groups. In the preoperative moxibustion group, moxibustion was used at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) one day before surgery, and 6 h after surgery in the postoperative moxibustion group. The treatment was given 20 min per acupoint. Intervention stopped after the patient's first self-exhaust or defecation. The time of first self-exhaust or defecation, the time of solid food tolerated, the postoperative 1-3 days visual analogue scale (VAS) abdominal pain scores, and adverse reactions during the intervention were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the postoperative moxibustion group and the control group, the time of first self-exhaust or defecation was earlier in the preoperative moxibustion group (both <0.01); the time of solid food tolerated was earlier in the postoperative moxibustion group (both <0.01); postoperative 1-3 d VAS scores were lower (<0.05, <0.01). The VAS scores in the postoperative moxibustion group were lower than those in the control group (all <0.05). No adverse reactions occurred in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preoperative moxibustion can more effectively promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic surgery and improve the postoperative quality of life.</p>

Therapeutic Observation of Herb-partitioned Fire Therapy plus Medication for Stomachache Due to Cold- deficiency / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of herb-partitioned fire therapy in treating stomachache due to cold-deficiency. Method Sixty patients with stomachache due to cold-deficiency were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by Western and Chinese medications, based on which, the treatment group was given herb-partitioned fire therapy. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were observed, as well as the symptoms scores before and after the treatment. Result There was a significant difference in the clinical efficacy between the two groups (P<0.01). The symptoms scores dropped after the intervention in both groups, and the score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Herb-partitioned fire therapy plus medication is effective in treating stomachache due to cold-deficiency, and it can produce a more significant efficacy than medication alone.

Transcriptomic analysis identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with bolting and flowering in Saposhnikovia divaricata / 中国天然药物

Saposhnikovia divaricata is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb; the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth may lead to the decrease of its pharmacological activities. Therefore, the study of bolting and flowering for Saposhnikovia divaricata is warranted. The present study aimed to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regularity of expression during the bolting and flowering process, and the results of this study might provide a theoretical foundation for the suppression of early bolting for future research and practical application. Three sample groups, early flowering, flower bud differentiation, and late flowering (groups A, B, and C, respectively) were selected. Transcriptomic analysis identified 67, 010 annotated unigenes, among which 50, 165 were differentially expressed including 16, 108 in A vs B, and 17, 459 in B vs C, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional classification analysis were performed on these differentially expressed genes, and five important pathways were significantly impacted (P ≤ 0.01): plant circadian rhythm, other glycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Plant hormone signal transduction might play an important role in the bolting and flowering process. The differentially expressed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gene showed significant down-regulation during bolting and flowering, while the transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) gene showed no significant change during the bolting process. The expression of flowering related genes FLC, LYF, and AP1 also showed a greater difference at different development stages. In conclusion, we speculate that the decrease in auxin concentration is not caused by the degrading effect of TIR1 but by an alternative mechanism.

Exploration of the Function of Medical Social Work Service in Tertiary Hospitals under the Grading Diagnosis and Treatment / 中国医学伦理学

As an important part of the medical supply-side reform, grading diagnosis and treatment is the core objective of various medical services carried out by medical institutions at all levels. This paper proposed that tertia-ry hospitals should promote the construction of grading diagnosis and treatment from three aspects of multi-sited practice of physicians, construction of medical alliance and functional orientation planning. On this basis, this pa-per mainly discussed the service function of medical social work involved in grading diagnosis and treatment mode in tertiary hospitals.

Practice and Reflection on the Supervision of Social Work Practice in Hospital / 中国医学伦理学

Practice teaching and supervision has become an important part of hospital social work practice, and the handling and response to internship dilemma is the problem that every institution supervisor needs to think a-bout. Based on qualitative interview and text analysis, starting from the needs of intern, this paper found that students of social work major mainly faced the following dilemma in the process of hospital practice: role adapta-tion, the dilemma of professional practice, the dilemma of ethical relationship and practice burnout and so on. Combined with their own supervision experience, this paper put forward coping methods.

Evodiamine activates cellular apoptosis through suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in glioma / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with a very poor prognosis. No further improvements in outcomes have been reported since radiotherapy-temozolomide therapy was introduced.Therefore,de-veloping new agents to treat GBM is important. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS U251,LN229,HEB and PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of evodiamine for 24 and 48 hours,cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The U251 and LN229 cells were treated with evo-diamine(0-10 μmol·L-1)for 24 h,and then stained with Hoechst 33258.An Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to detect apoptosis in the cells.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The changes in mitochondrial mem-brane potential (MMP) were assessed by JC-1 after cells were treated with evodiamine. The expres-sion levels of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-Akt,Akt,Bax,Bcl-2,p-p38,p38,p-JNK,JNK,p-ERK,ERK,Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3, PRAP, and cleaved PARP were measured by Western blot analy-ses. RESULTS According to MTT assay results, Evo significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Evo induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.Moreover,Evo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Finally, Evo induced apoptosis in cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and inducing MAPK phos-phorylation(p38 and JNK,but not ERK)to regulate apoptotic proteins(Bax,Bcl-2,Cytochrome c,Cas-pase-3, and PARP). CONCLUSION In summary, Evo inhibits cell proliferation by inducing cellular apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in GBM;these results indicate that Evo may be regarded as a new approach for GBM treatment.

Research status of metabonomics in arthritis: a bibliometric analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms undelying diagnosis and treatment of arthritis can be analyzed by metabonomics to study the metabolites. The combination of metabonomics and bibliometrics can systematically clarify the research status of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the research status of metabonimics in arthritis, and to prospect the future tendency. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Elsevier databases were searched for the articles addressing the metabonimics in arthritis published before May 2017. The keywords were "metabolomics and arthritis" in English and Chinese, respectively. Initially 201 articles were retrieved, and finally 59 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for basic information and result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Literature of metabonomics on arthritis began to be reported from 2007, and the number of literature increased with time. (2) The first author's affiliations were concentrated in universities 37(63%), hospitals 15 (25%) and institutes 7 (12%). (3) The articles included 44 articles from journals (75%), 12 dissertation (19%), 4 conference papers (7%), and the 44 papers were published in 38 kinds of journals. (4) Totally 36 articles were funded, 29 articles (49%) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation, 18 (31%) funded by department-level foundation, 10 (17%) funded by provincial foundation, 5 (8%) foreign foundation and 5 (8%) funded by school foundation. (5) The types of arthritis were mainly rheumatoid arthritis 40 (68%), osteoarthritis 7 (12%), gouty arthritis 6 (10%) and others 6 (10%). (6) The main research directions were metabonomis on treatment effectiveness 30 (51%), pathogenesis of arthritis 17 (29%), Chinese medicine syndromes 6 (10%) and research progress 6 (10%). (7) Metabolomics samples in the literature included the body fluid samples 53 (90%) and tissue samples 6 (10%). (8) Metabonomics analysis techniques included liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 33 (56%), nuclear magnetic resonance technology 15 (25%), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 10 (17%), NMR combined with GC-MS 1 (2%). In summary, metabonomics has been extensively applied in arthritis and has been an issue of concern. Understanding the side events in Chinese medicines for arthritis based on metabonomics can provide reference for the following prospective study and clinical application.

Transcriptomic analysis identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with bolting and flowering in Saposhnikovia divaricata / 中国天然药物

Saposhnikovia divaricata is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb; the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth may lead to the decrease of its pharmacological activities. Therefore, the study of bolting and flowering for Saposhnikovia divaricata is warranted. The present study aimed to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regularity of expression during the bolting and flowering process, and the results of this study might provide a theoretical foundation for the suppression of early bolting for future research and practical application. Three sample groups, early flowering, flower bud differentiation, and late flowering (groups A, B, and C, respectively) were selected. Transcriptomic analysis identified 67, 010 annotated unigenes, among which 50, 165 were differentially expressed including 16, 108 in A vs B, and 17, 459 in B vs C, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional classification analysis were performed on these differentially expressed genes, and five important pathways were significantly impacted (P ≤ 0.01): plant circadian rhythm, other glycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Plant hormone signal transduction might play an important role in the bolting and flowering process. The differentially expressed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gene showed significant down-regulation during bolting and flowering, while the transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) gene showed no significant change during the bolting process. The expression of flowering related genes FLC, LYF, and AP1 also showed a greater difference at different development stages. In conclusion, we speculate that the decrease in auxin concentration is not caused by the degrading effect of TIR1 but by an alternative mechanism.

Influence of exogenous ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial communities / 中国中药杂志

Ginsenosides are the main active ingredient and allelochemicals of Panax ginseng, and they play an important role in ginseng growth and in ecological adaptation. To study the influence of ginsenosides on soil microbial communities, the method of given exogenous total ginsenosides of different concentrations were used to study the influence of ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial community, evaluate the change of metabolic activity of microbial community and investigate the ecological effect of ginsenosides on soil microbial community. Results showed that, exogenous total ginsenosides promoted metabolic activity of microbial community in new forest soil at different concentrations compared with the control after 10 d and 40 d treatment. After 10 d,except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest firstly increased then decreased with increase of the total ginsenosides concentration. The Substrate richness for 0.01 g•L⁻¹ soil treatment was significantly different from that of the control. After 20 d, 30 d and 40 d, except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest increased with total ginsenosides. These results suggested that ginsenosids can change soil microbial community and microbial metabolic activity, which alter soil microbial ecology and accordingly affect the growth of ginseng with accumulation of ginsenosides in the soil.