Influencing factors and pregnancy outcomes of unsuccessful cell-free DNA testing in maternal perinatal blood / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To explore the possible factors leading to failure of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing in maternal peripheral blood and analyze the pregnancy outcomes of this group of pregnant women.Methods:This retrospective study involved 5 195 women who underwent cfDNA testing in Peking University Third Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019. Based on the first cfDNA testing results, clinical characteristics of the pregnant women with successful (success group, n=5 107) and failed (failure group, n=88) cfDNA testing were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of cfDNA testing failure and the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the success rate, and evaluate the feasibility of re-sampling and the factors affecting the unsuccessful testing of a second sample. Results:The failure rate of first cfDNA testing was 1.7% (88/5 195). Successful cfDNA testing was achieved in 74 (87.1%, 74/85) of 85 re-sampling cases, while results of the other 11 cases (12.9%, 11/85) remained invalid. Thus, the final failure rate was 0.2% (11/5 195). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that increased maternal age ( OR=1.086, 95% CI: 1.023-1.152, P=0.006), BMI ( OR=1.083, 95% CI: 1.021-1.149, P=0.008) and twin pregnancies ( OR=3.093, 95% CI: 1.715-5.577, P<0.001) were the risk factors of cfDNA testing failure, while increased cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) concentration ( OR=0.758, 95% CI: 0.720-0.761, P<0.001) was a protective factor. The overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m 2) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m 2) women were 3.626 ( OR=3.626, 95% CI: 2.298-5.724, P<0.001) and 4.064 ( OR=4.064, 95% CI: 1.779-9.284, P=0.001) times more likely to have failed cfDNA testing than those with normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2), respectively. The success rate of re-testing decreased as the maternal BMI increased, regardless of the time interval between the two samplings ( OR=0.840, 95% CI: 0.699-1.245, P=0.065). Seven out of the 74 cases with successful results in re-testing were at high risk, including one 45,X and one 47,XXY, confirmed by karyotyping amniocentesis. Among the 11 pregnant women with a failed testing after second sampling, eight underwent prenatal diagnosis with normal fetal chromosome karyotypes, and the other three cases without prenatal diagnosis all gave birth to neonates with normal phenotype. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pregnancy loss between the failure and success group [9.1% (8/88) vs 2.5% (128/5 107), P=0.090]. Conclusions:Pregnant women with advanced age and higher BMI, lower cffDNA fraction and twin pregnancies are more likely to fail in cfDNA testing. For obese women, blood sampling can be postponed to a larger gestational age to reduce the failure rate. For pregnant women with failed testing in first sampling, a re-sampling is recommended, moreover, prenatal diagnosis is necessary for those had high-risk results or failed in re-testing.

A comparative study on the effect of remote fetal monitoring and traditional outpatient monitoring of high-risk pregnancy / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of remote fetal monitoring and outpatient monitoring of high-risk pregnancy.METHODS: A total of 222 pregnant women delivered in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from December 2017 to December 2018（44 cases of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy,40 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus,22 cases of placental abnormalities,20 cases of preventive cervical cerclage,16 cases of scar uterus pregnancy,12 cases of umbilical cord around neck for 3 weeks or more,6 cases of multiple pregnancy,10 cases of twin pregnancy with one fetus dead in uterus,52 cases of patients without complications）were divided into two groups.In the observation group the fetus was monitored remotely at home,while the control group went to the hospital for fetal heart monitoring.The monitoring effect and neonatal status of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The incidence of neonatal mild asphyxia in observation group and control group was 1.80% vs.4.50%,and there was no severe neonatal asphyxia.There was no significant difference in the incidence of premature delivery,neonatal weight or vaginal delivery rate（P>0.05）.CONCLUSION: Compared with monitoring in outpatient department,remote fetal monitoring can detect abnormalities in time and intervention can be performed,so it is equally effective for high-risk pregnancy.

Polydatin attenuates airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse model via p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether polydatin re-duces airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse model and explore whether this pathway is related to p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 . Methods After the establish-ment of the OVA-induced asthmatic mouse model, the animals were injected with 30 mg·kg-1 and 45 mg· kg-1 of polydatin diluted in 0. 2 mL normal saline, while the control group was replaced by normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. Diff-Quick staining was used to classify and count the number of inflamma-tory cells in BALF. ELISA was used to detect IgE ex-pressions in BALF. The content of ROS in BALF cells was detected by DHR-123 . The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and MDA in BALF were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The expression of HO-1 in lung tissue was detected by im-munohistochemistry. The protein and mRNA expres-sions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue of mice were de-tected by Western blot and RT-PCR. Results Poly-datin treatment significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration mucosal secretion, goblet cell proliferation and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice, and decreased the number of inflammatory cells and the ex-pression of total IgE and ROS in BALF. It also in-creased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, and lowered the level of MDA. Polydatin re-duced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the lung tissue of mice, enhanced the levels of mRNA and pro-tein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 and promoted the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 . The above effects of polydatin were dose-dependent. Conclusions Polydatin exerts anti-oxidative effects in OVA-induced asthmatic mouse model via anti-oxidant pathway. The mechanism may be achieved through the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 path-way.

Sesamin suppresses mast cell activation through inhibition of PKCα/NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of sesamin on mast cell activation and its inflammatory mediator release,as well as its possible mechanisms of action.Methods:HCM-1 cells were activation by stimulation with 10 μg/ml anti-DNP IgE for 6 h and challenge with 100 ng/ml DNP-HAS for 10 min.Sesamin was administration at the concentration of 25,50 and 100 μg/L prior to DNP-HAS challenge,subsequently the effect of sesamin on mast cell degranulation was investigated by light microscope,and histamine release and expression of cytokines such as TNF-α IL-6,IL-1β,IL-8 of mast cells after sesamin treatment were investigated by ELISA.Western blot was used to determine the effect of sesamin on FcεRI downstream signaling including Lyn,Syk and PKCα activation,and IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activation.Results:DNP-HAS significantly increased mast cell degranulation,histamine release and those cytokines expression,enhanced Lyn,Syk,PKCα,IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activation(P<0.05). Sesamin(50,100 μg/L) significantly decreased mast cell degranulation,histamine release and cytokines expression (TNF-α,IL-4,IL-1β,and IL-8),reduced activity of Lyn,Syk,kinases and PKCα and IκBα phosphorylation,and inhibited NF-κB activation(P<0.05).Conclusion: Sesamin suppresses mast cell activation and inflammatory mediators release through inhibition of PKCα/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Analysis of clinical factors on early pregnancy loss during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment and natural pregnancy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To compare differences of clinical factors related to early pregnancy loss between invitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment and natural pegnancy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the 363 cases of early pregnancy loss between Dec. 2015 to May 2016 in Peking University Third Hospital, during which 173 cases were after IVF-ET treatment(IVF-ET group), and others were natural pregnancies(natural group). Results The average age in IVF-ET group was significantly higher than that in the natural group [(34.1±4.3)versus(31.8±4.1)years old, P<0.01]. The terminating time of pregnancy loss in IVF-ET group was short than that in the natural group [(59.8±9.2) versus(69.9 ± 11.1)days, P<0.01]. The incidence of embryo abnormal chromosome in IVF-ET group was significantly lower than that in the natural group [57.2%(99/173)versus 74.2%(141/190), P<0.01], during which abnormal chromosome numbers were the most common. Conclusions The pregnancy loss of early pregnancy is mainly caused by chromosome abnormality. The proportion of chromosome abnormality in early pregnancy loss after IVF-ET is not higher than that of natural pregnancy, indicating that there are relatively reliable gametes and embryo safety in IVF treatment.

Effects of tetrandrine on proliferation and activation of cardiac fibroblasts / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on proliferation and activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts.@*METHODS@#Firstly, the cell counting kit-8 (cck-8) assay was applied to detect the effects of Tet with different concentrations on proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Secondly, transforming growth factor (TGF-β)with a concentration of 5 μg/L was used to induce the cardiac fibroblast activation, and Western blot was performed to measure the expression variation of β-catenin, vimentin (Vm), fibronectin (Fn) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA). At last, the real-time PCR was conducted to measure the expression change of collagen-1(Col-1) and collagen-3(Col-3).@*RESULTS@#The cck-8 assay showed that the Tet with different concentrations respectively, which were 0.5 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 2 μmol/L, 4 μmol/L, and 8 μmol/L, significantly inhibited the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. The viability was decreased to 94.4%,84.9%,74.9%,63.8%and 50.3% respectively of the control group when the Tet concentration changed, and the difference was statistically significant, P=0.043, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 respectively. Western blot revealed that the expressions of β-catenin, Fn, SMA and Vm, were up-regulated by TGF-β(5 μg/L), the result showed that the difference was statistically significant, and the P values were 0.001,0.008,0.010,0.001 respectively. Then, the up-regulation of β-catenin, Fn and SMA was attenuated by pre-treatment of Tet, and the result also displayed that the difference was statistically significant, and the P values were 0.009, 0.005, 0.019,respectively. While there was no significant change in the expression of Vm, according to Western blotting, and P>0.05,at the same time, real-time PCR indicated that the up-regulations of Col-1 and Col-3 which were induced by TGF-β were blocked by pre-treatment of Tet, the result showed that the difference was statistically significant, P<0.001.@*CONCLUSION@#According to the experimental results, we can draw the conclusion that: the Tet can significantly inhibit the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, meanwhile, it can block the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, which is induced by TGF-β. It is supposed that the Tet may probably have anti myocardial fibrosis, which indicates that it may probably be a medicine which is used to block the cardiac remodeling.

Standardized management of central medical laboratory based on informatized website / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To eliminate the problems due to manual operation in the central medical laboratory.Methods Management of the central medical laboratory was enhanced by ideas of informatization and standardization,informatized website,standardized transaction management as well as cooperation of laboratory staffs.Results Informatized website gained advantages over the traditional management mode in electronic record,information capacity,conciseness,timely feedback and etc.Conclusion Standardized management of central medical laboratory based on informatized website contributes to enhancing scientific research environment and application efficiency of large devices.

Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid combined with tamoxifen citrate in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) combined with tamoxifen citrate (TC) in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia.@*METHODS@#From June to November 2016, we treated 60 patients with oligoasthenospermia in our Department of Andrology, 30 (the trial group) with oral α-LA (0.6 g, qd) + TC (20 mg, qd) and the other 30 (the control group) with oral L-carnitine (1g, bid) + TC (20 mg, qd). Before and after 3 months of medication, we examined the semen parameters of the patients and the levels of their seminal oxidative stress biomarkers, including methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the seminal plasma. We also compared the pregnancy rate and adverse reactions between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Totally, 57 of the patients completed the treatment, 28 in the trial group and 29 in the control. Compared with the baseline, the patients of the trial group showed significant improvement after 3 months of medication in the semen volume (［2.50 ± 0.71］ vs ［3.37 ± 0.70］ ml, P 0.05) except in TAC, which was markedly more improved in the former than in the latter (P 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, 3 pregnancies were achieved in the trial group and 1 in the control (10.7% vs 3.45%, P >0.05). No obvious adverse events occurred during the treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alpha-lipoic acid combined with tamoxifen citrate can evidently improve semen parameters in oligoasthenospermia patients by relieving oxidative stress injury.

Monitoring of blood tacrolimus concentration and lymphocyte subsets in the first uterus transplant recipient in China and its clinical significance / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral blood tacrolimus concentration and lymphocyte subsets in the uterus transplant recipient,and provide the evidence for monitoring the immune status after uterus transplantation.Methods The peripheral blood tacrolimus concentrations of the uterus transplant recipient during 1 year after transplantation were measured with the microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA).Meanwhile,the whole blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets were determined by the blood analyzer and flow cytometer,respectively.Results The blood tacrolimus concentrations of the uterus transplant recipient in the first month and second month after transplantation were (13.51 ± 3.92) ng/mL and (15.58 ± 1.19) ng/mL,respectively.The lymphocyte absolute counts were normal before transplantation.At the fifth day after transplantation,the counts of CD3 + T lymphocytes,CD4 + T lymphocytes,CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were significantly decreased.One week after transplantation,the counts of CD4 + T lymphocytes were recovered to the normal range and maintained,but its recovery was slower than that of CD8 + T lymphocytes.The ratio of CD4/CD8 ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 during 10 days after transplantation,and increased and maintained between 0.8 and 1.1 after that.The counts of NK cells increased gradually from the 10th day after transplantation,but still did not recover to the level before transplantation even at the 20th day after transplantation.However,the counts and percentages of B lymphocytes did not decrease but increased at the fifth day after transplantation,and recovered to normal gradually from the 10th day after transplantation.There was no significant correlation between the CD3 + T lymphocyte count and blood tacrolimus concentration.Conclusion The dynamic changes of blood lymphocyte subsets and tacrolimus concentration exist in the uterus transplant recipient,which need to be further verified by a large amount of clinical data.

Clinical Observation of Kangfuxin Solution Combined with Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Rosacea / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe effects and safety of Kangfuxin solution combined with intense pulsed light in the treat-ment of rosacea. METHODS:A total of 50 rosacea patients in our hospital during May 2014-Jun. 2016 were divided into control group(25 cases)and observation group(25 cases)according to random number table. Based on oral administration of Metronida-zole tablets,control group received intense pulsed light. Observation group was additionally given Kangfuxin solution for local wet compress after 4 to 6 layers of gauze saturated with liquid,5-10 min,qn. Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks. Clinical effi-cacies,as well as symptom score and DLQI score were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The response rate of observation group was 92.0%,which was significantly higher than 64.0%of control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). After treatment,erythe-ma,papules,pustules,itching,telangiectasia score and total score,DLQI score of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group was 16.0%,which was significantly lower than 40.0% in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Kangfuxin solution combined with intense pulsed light show significant efficacy for rosacea,and can effectively improve erythema,papules,pustules,itching and telangiectasia,and improve the quality of life with good safety.

The implementation of PBL guided by MDT in clinical teaching of war wound and trauma caused by compound factors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the value of practicing PBL which was guided by MDT in teaching diagnoses and treatments of war wound and trauma caused by compound agents.Methods An emulational war wound case caused by compound factors was designed and a multi-disciplinary team been organized,then totally 45 interns who would graduate in 2017 were divide into two groups randomly,experimental group which had 23 cases received PBL model combined with MDT followed six step procedure which included case preparation by teachers,independent analysis and group discussion by interns,problem extraction by teachers and division of solution by interns before class,then answering and debating problems by interns in class,conclusion and reporting after class in the end,while the control group which had 22 cases received traditional teaching model in accordance with common case discussion in class including characteristics of patient,diagnosis and diagnostic basis,examinations needed to carry out,first aid measures and professional treatments.The effect of new teaching model was evaluated by assessment in class and questionnaire after class.The data was analyzed through Chi-square test by SPSS 22.0.Results Class assessment showed 18 (78.3％) interns in experimental group displayed good abilities of proposing,analyzing and resolving medical problem,as well as good presentation and speech skills.Questionnaire survey showed that not only clinical teaching of war wound and trauma could meet the demands of talent training in battle-field rescue,but also displayed new model,which could help interns to enhance abilities of first-aid and treatment of war wound on future war field,reinforce the consciousness of military medical support and service.In addition,it could clear confusion more professionally and strengthen teamwork and overall importance.Conclusion Applying PBL combined with MDT in teaching diagnoses and treatments of war wound and trauma can not only help interns to review and retain important knowledge of related subjects,but also improve the abilities of interns in clinical diagnoses and treatments,and moreover,it merges the medical knowledge and war wound cure together organically.In short,the new model is well worth applying in clinical teaching and military medical education because of its excellent effects.

Expression and clinical correlation of miR-141 in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in elderly patients with rectal cancer / 重庆医学

Objective To study the expression and clinical correlation of miR-141 in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in elderly patients with rectal cancer.Methods Rectal tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent normal tissues were taken in 75 cases of rectal cancer.The expression levels of miR-141 in peripheral blood and tumor tissue as well as tumor-adjacent normal tissues were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction method.The correlation of miR-141 expression between peripheral blood and tumor tissue,and the correlation of peripheral blood miR-141 with clinicopathologic features and clinical prognosis were analyzed.Results (1) Compared with peripheral blood in the subjects undergoing normal physical examination or tumor-adjacent normal tissue in the patients with rectal cancer,the miR-141 expression level in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in the patients with rectal cancer was decreased significantly (P<0.01).(2) The cancer tissue miR-141 level in the patients with lymph node metastasis was positively correlated with peripheral blood miR-141 level (r=0.694,P<0.01),and cancer tissue miR-141 level in the patients without lymph node metastasis was positively correlated with peripheral blood miR-141 level (r=0.725,P<0.01).(3) The differences between peripheral blood miR-141 level with tumor stage,tumor differentiation degree and lymphatic metastasis had statistical significance (P<0.01).(4)The postoperative 6-month follow up displayed that among 75 cases,13 cases(17.33%) appeared replase/ metastasis,and peripheral blood miR-141 level was (2.64±0.34),which was significantly lower than that in the patents without replase/metastasis (P<0.01).Conclusion Expression variation trend of miR-141 in peripheral blood is similar to that in tumor tissue,which can reflect the clinicopathologic feature in the patients with rectal patients.

Application of Ischemia Modified Albumin for Acute Ischemic Heart Disease in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the application value and forensic significance of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in pericardial fluid to diagnose sudden cardiac death.Methods IMA level in pericardial fluid was detected in acute ischemic heart disease group (n=36),acute myocardial infarction group (n=6),cardiomyopathy group (n=4) and control group (n=15) by albumin cobalt binding method.The levels of IMA were compared among these groups.The best cut-off IMA value was estimated and the sensitivity and specificity of acute myocardial ischemia group was distinguished from control group by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results The IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).Compared with acute myocardial infarction group and cardiomyopathy group,the IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group had no significant difference (P＜0.05).The cut-off value for the identification of acute myocardial ischemia which obtained by ROC analysis was 40.65U/mL.And the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing acute ischemia cardiac disease was 60.0％ and 80.5％,respectively.Conclusion The IMA value in pericardial fluid can be a reference marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia,which also can provide objective basis for the forensic identification of sudden cardiac death.

Relationship Between Angiotensin Ⅱ , Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 5 and Rat's Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Vitro / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression and effect of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (sFRP5) in rat's cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Methods: Neonatal rat's ventricular myocytes were cultured in vitro, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by Ang Ⅱ. Telmisartan and PD123319 were used to block angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) respectively. RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis were conducted to examine the expressions of sFRP5, BNP and TNF-α. Results: sFRP5 was expressed in cardiomyocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of sFRP5, protein expression of BNP were increased by prolonged time of AngⅡ treatment, the maximum expression was observed at 48 h, P<0.05. Compared with Ang Ⅱ (10-6mol/L) group, the mRNA and protein expressions of sFRP5 in Ang Ⅱ +Telmisartan (10 μmol/L) group were decreased, P<0.05, those expressions were similar in Ang Ⅱ +PD123319 (10 μmol/L) group, P>0.05. Compared with AngⅡ (10-6 mo1/L)+sFRP5 (0 ng/ml) group, protein expressions of BNP and TNF-α were decreased inAng Ⅱ (10-6 mo1/L)+sFRP5 (10 ng/ml) group and in Ang Ⅱ (10-6 mo1/L)+sFRP5 (100 ng/ml) group respectively, P<0.05. Conclusion: For in vitro process of Ang Ⅱ induced neonatal rat's cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, using Ang Ⅱ receptor could up-regulate sFRP5 expression and sFRP5 plays an important role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Standardized management of central medical laboratory based on informatized website / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To eliminate the problems due to manual operation in the central medical laboratory.Methods Management of the central medical laboratory was enhanced by ideas of informatization and standardization,informatized website,standardized transaction management as well as cooperation of laboratory staffs.Results Informatized website gained advantages over the traditional management mode in electronic record,information capacity,conciseness,timely feedback and etc.Conclusion Standardized management of central medical laboratory based on informatized website contributes to enhancing scientific research environment and application efficiency of large devices.

Effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin(HBHA) on macrophage polar-ization / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding he-magglutinin (HBHA) on the polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and a mu-rine macrophage cell line(Raw264.7 cells). Methods After HBHA was confirmed to be able to enter into macrophages by immunofluorescence, mouse BMDM and Raw264. 7 cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml)+IFN-γ (2.5 ng/ml),IL-4 (20 ng/ml),HBHA (1 μg/ml,3 μg/ml,6 μg/ml,10 μg/ml) and ESAT-6 (5 μg/ml),respectively. IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-α in the supernatants of cell culture were measured by ELISA. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of molecular markers of macrophage polarization [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, Arg-1 and CD206] at mRNA level. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of iNOS and Arg-1 at protein level. Results Increased secretion of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in the supernatants of cell culture and enhanced expression of iNOS and TNF-α at mRNA level were observed after treating BMDM with Mycobacterium tuberculosis HBHA. Similarly,in HBHA-trea-ted Raw264.7 cells,the secretion of IL-6 and the expression of TNF-α were also up-regulated. Mycobacteri-um tuberculosis HBHA and ESAT-6 had similar effects on murine macrophages. Neither of them could in-crease the expression of Arg-1,a molecular marker of M2 macrophages,in BMDM at protein level,but both enhanced the expression of iNOS,a molecular marker of M1 macrophages,in BMDM and Raw264.7 cells. Conclusion Mycobacterium tuberculosis HBHA can induce the polarization of murine macrophages to M1 phenotype.

Clinical effect of staged repair and reconstruction of multiple ligament injuries in knee joints / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction under arthroscopy combined with limited open repair of medial collateral ligament (MCL) for the treatment of multiple ligament injuries of knee joints.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2006 and June 2012,the data of 14 patients (14 knees) with multiple injuries of ACL, PCL, and MCL were collected. There were 8 males and 6 females with an average age of (31.8 +/- 8.1) years old (ranged, 20 to 49 years old). All the patients were performed with X-ray and MRI examination, and the results showed that 10 patients had combined with injuries of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL); 4 patients had ALC,PCL and posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries. Four patients had medial meniscus injuries and 2 patients had lateral meniscus injuries. The MCL,PLC and meniscus injuries were treated with operation on the first stage, and functional exercises were performed 3 weeks after fixation. The reconstruction operation of ACL and (or) PCL was performed at the second stage under arthroscopy 3 to 6 months later when the movement range of knee joint recovered to the normal level with obvious relaxation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions healed by primary intention. All the patients were followed up with a mean duration of 48.9 months (ranged, 24 to 80 months). The Lysholm score was improved from preoperative 19.6 +/- 0.9 to the latest follow-up 87.1 +/- 2.8 (t=12.3, P<0.01). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) rating: 9 cases nearly recovered to normal, 5 cases were abnormal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For multiple ligament injuries in the knee, staged repair and reconstruction can effectively restore knee joint stability and function.</p>

Vitamin C alleviates aging defects in a stem cell model for Werner syndrome

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder that mainly affects tissues derived from mesoderm. We have recently developed a novel human WS model using WRN-deficient human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This model recapitulates many phenotypic features of WS. Based on a screen of a number of chemicals, here we found that Vitamin C exerts most efficient rescue for many features in premature aging as shown in WRN-deficient MSCs, including cell growth arrest, increased reactive oxygen species levels, telomere attrition, excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, as well as disorganization of nuclear lamina and heterochromatin. Moreover, Vitamin C restores in vivo viability of MSCs in a mouse model. RNA sequencing analysis indicates that Vitamin C alters the expression of a series of genes involved in chromatin condensation, cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair pathways in WRN-deficient MSCs. Our results identify Vitamin C as a rejuvenating factor for WS MSCs, which holds the potential of being applied as a novel type of treatment of WS.

Progress in the study of Her2-targeted cancer therapeutic antibodies / 药学学报

Tumor surface antigen human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is a type I receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to human epidermal growth factor receptor family. Her2-overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Due to significant clinical effects, Her2-targeted cancer therapy especially therapeutic antibody has become the hot spot in the field of cancer treatment. Anti-Her2 antibody drugs include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies and emerging "two in one" antibody. Based on structure and function of Her2, this review focuses on recent advances in active mechanisms and clinical researches of these antibodies.

Light-Emitting Diode-Assisted Narrow Band Imaging Video Endoscopy System in Head and Neck Cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To validate the effectiveness of a newly developed light-emitting diode (LED)-narrow band imaging (NBI) system for detecting early malignant tumors in the oral cavity. METHODS: Six men (mean age, 51.5 years) with early oral mucosa lesions were screened using both the conventional white light and LED-NBI systems. RESULTS: Small elevated or ulcerative lesions were found under the white light view, and typical scattered brown spots were identified after shifting to the LED-NBI view for all six patients. Histopathological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was early malignant lesions (T1), and the patients underwent wide excision for primary cancer. This is the pilot study documenting the utility of a new LED-NBI system as an adjunctive technique to detect early oral cancer using the diagnostic criterion of the presence of typical scattered brown spots in six high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although large-scale screening programs should be established to further verify the accuracy of this technology, its lower power consumption, lower heat emission, and higher luminous efficiency appear promising for future clinical applications.