The efficacy and side effects of rigosertib combined with chemotherapy in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer mice / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of rigosertib (RGS) combined with classic chemotherapy drugs including 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan in colorectal cancer. Methods: Explore the synergy effects of RGS and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), and irinotecan (IRI) on colorectal cancer by subcutaneously transplanted tumor models of mice. The mice were randomly divided into control group, RGS group, 5-FU group, OXA group, IRI group, 5-FU+ RGS group, OXA+ RGS group and IRI+ RGS group. The synergy effects of RGS and OXA on KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro was detected by CCK-8. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed on the mouse tumor tissue sections, and the extracted tumor tissue was analyzed by western blot. The blood samples of mice after chemotherapy and RGS treatment were collected, blood routine and liver and kidney function analysis were conducted, and H&E staining on liver sections was performed to observe the side effects of chemotherapy and RGS. Results: The subcutaneously transplanted tumor models were established successfully in all groups. 55 days after administration, the fold change of tumor size of OXA+ RGS group was 37.019±8.634, which is significantly smaller than 77.571±15.387 of RGS group (P=0.029) and 92.500±13.279 of OXA group (P=0.008). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the Ki-67 index of tumor tissue in control group, OXA group, RGS group and OXA+ RGS group were (100.0±16.8)%, (35.6±11.3)%, (54.5±18.1)% and (15.4±3.9)%, respectively. The Ki-67 index of OXA+ RGS group was significantly lower than that in control group (P=0.014), but there was no significant difference compared to OXA group and RGS group (OXA: P=0.549; RGS: P=0.218). TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that the apoptotic level of OXA+ RGS group was 3.878±0.547, which was significantly higher than 1.515±0.442 of OXA group (P=0.005) and 1.966±0.261 of RGS group (P=0.008). Western blot showed that the expressions of apoptosis related proteins such as cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 8 in the tumor tissues of mice in the OXA+ RGS group were higher than those in control group, OXA group and RGS group. After the mice received RGS combined with chemotherapy drugs, there was no significant effect on liver and kidney function indexes, but the combined use of oxaliplatin and RGS significantly reduced the white blood cells [(0.385±0.215)×10(9)/L vs (5.598±0.605)×10(9)/L, P<0.001] and hemoglobin[(56.000±24.000)g/L vs (153.333±2.231)g/L, P=0.001] of the mice. RGS, chemotherapy combined with RGS and chemotherapy alone did not significantly increase the damage to liver cells. Conclusions: The combination of RGS and oxaliplatin has a stronger anti-tumor effect on KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. RGS single agent will not cause significant bone marrow suppression and hepatorenal injury in mice, but its side effects may increase correspondingly after combined with chemotherapy.

Clinical characteristics of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical manifestations, imaging and colonoscopy characteristics, treatment and prognosis of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis(IMP), so as to raise clinicians' awareness of this rare disease.Methods:One case of IMP admitted into the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, was reported.The patient was admitted primarily due to abdominal pain, distension, and obstructed defecation and flatulence for 3 months, and recurrent vomiting for 2 days.Combining the patient's medical history, symptoms, physical signs, imaging and colonoscopy results, IMP was suspected to be the most likely cause for incomplete intestinal obstruction in this case.The literatures on IMP published before April 2021, including case reports, reviews and articles, were collected and analyzed.Based upon information mentioned above, the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of IMP were systematically reviewed.Results:A total of 206 cases of idiopathic mesenteric vein sclerosing enteritis had been reported up to April 2021 in the literature, with a male to female ratio of about 2.75∶1.Age was clearly mentioned in 111 case reports, with a median age of 59 years and 36 patients(32.4%)≥65 years old.Common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, distension, diarrhea, hematochezia, nausea and vomiting, obstructed defecation and flatulence, among others.The lesion is usually at the right side of the colon, including the cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon, with the ascending colon as the most commonly involved site.Imaging characteristics include linear, serrated or tortuous calcification of vessels inside the involved colon segments and adjacent mesenterium, edema and thickening of the intestinal wall, and reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes, etc.Endoscopic features include edema and thickening of the intestinal wall, discoloration of the mucosa, and tortuous and dilated submucosal vessels.Complications include intestinal obstruction, perforation and necrosis.In most cases, symptoms subside after patients stop taking herbal medicines and go through conservative treatment for microcirculation improvement, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-infection, etc.Overall, the prognosis of IMP is satisfactory.Conclusions:IMP is a type of non-obstructive, non-thrombotic and non-inflammatory mesenteric phlebosclerosis that causes intestinal ischemia.The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear.Combination of characteristic clinical manifestations, imaging especially CT findings, endoscopic and histopathological examinations will help the diagnosis of IMP.

The prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes combined with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage during hospitalization following percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To assess the future risk of bleeding events and ischemic events in a two-year follow-up of elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS)who experienced upper gastrointestinal bleeding during hospitalization, and to analyze the related factors for the recurrence.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study.Elderly ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in Beijing Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were continuously included.According to whether upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred during hospitalization, they were divided into the bleeding group(n=51)and the control group(n=2 834). Baseline data were compared between the two groups.The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and the recurrence of bleeding defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)consensus classification were monitored during the 2-year followed-up.Related factors for clinically significant bleeding events(BARC type 2, 3 and 5)were analyzed.Results:The median bleeding time in the bleeding group was 3.3 days after PCI, and the main cause was gastroduodenal ulcer(43 cases, 84.3%). Compared with the control group, patients in the bleeding group had a lower body mass index, a higher proportion of patients with a history of atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, peptic ulcer, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, higher usage rates of ticagrelor and oral anticoagulants, a lower usage rate of proton pump inhibitor(PPI), a higher proportion of patients with coronary artery disease involving ≥ 2 vessels, higher GRACE scores, higher usage rates of tirofiban and aspiration catheters and a lower complete revascularization rate( P<0.05). Patients were followed up for(22.4±1.5)months.Compared with the control group, the incidence of MACE(19 cases or 37.3% vs.698 cases or 24.6%, HR=1.655, 95% CI: 1.026-2.673, χ 2=4.513, P<0.05)and the recurrence of clinically significant bleeding(BARC type 2, 3 and 5)(10 cases or 19.6% vs.283 cases or 10.0%, HR=2.242, 95% CI: 1.209-4.157, χ2=5.083, P<0.05)increased in the bleeding group.Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age ≥70 years( RR=1.813, 95% CI: 1.021-3.219), chronic kidney disease ≥ stage 2( RR=1.623, 95% CI: 1.196-2.202), history of peptic ulcer( RR=2.152, 95% CI: 1.156-4.006), ticagrelor( RR=2.014, 95% CI: 1.253-3.237), and oral anticoagulants( RR=1.352, 95% CI: 1.032-1.771)were independent risk factors for clinically significant bleeding(BARC type 2, 3 and 5), and PPI was a protective factor( RR=0.573, 95% CI: 0.345-0.952). Conclusions:A history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients with ACS during hospitalization can increase the recurrence risk of clinically significant bleeding and MACE events in subsequent two years.Advanced age, chronic kidney disease ≥stage 2, a history of peptic ulcer, and preoperative use of ticagrelor and oral anticoagulants are independent risk factors for the recurrence risk of clinically significant bleeding, and PPI can decrease the recurrence risk of bleeding.

Effect of osteoclast-derived apoptotic body microRNA-30a on osteogenic activity / 解剖学报

Objective To explore that whether apoptotic bodies released by osteoclasts mediate osteogenic activity. Methods The osteoclasts were induced from mouse (n = 10) bone marrow monocytes in vitro, and were identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin, and DAPI double labeling immunofluorescence. The Co- culture system of osteoclasts and mouse osteoblasts MC-3T3E1 was established. The apoptosis of osteoclasts was analyzed by DNA fragment ELISA. Immunoblotting of apoptotic body markers was investigated. Real-time PCR analysis of bone formation markers was tested. MiRNA expression profiling of apoptotic body was identisfied. Results Alendronate (ALN) 100 μmol/L induced osteoclast apoptosis and caused apoptotic body release from osteoclasts. The expression of C3b and annexin V protein was enhanced by ALN; the expression of C3b in osteoclasts was negatively correlated with the activity of osteoblasts; the microarray screening of apoptotic body showed that miR-30a was correlated with bone formation markers and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Conclusion Osteoclast-derived apoptotic body miR-30a can inhibit the activity of osteoblasts. Apoptotic body may participate in the dialogue between osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Clinical study of two-trocar laparoscopy-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To compare the clinical outcomes between two-trocar laparoscopy-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt (LAVPS) and conventional open ventriculoperitoneal shunt (OVPS), and explore the clinical practice and experience of the placement of distal catheter in two-trocar LAVPS. Methods • A total of 308 patients with hydrocephalus who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Neurosurgery at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 90 patients in the LAVPS group (Group L), and the two-trocar method and the original suture loop method were adopted to place the distal catheter in the right hepato-diaphragmatic space. For the other 218 patients in the conventional OVPS group (Group O), the laparotomy approach was adopted to put the distal catheter into the left lower abdominal cavity through the midline incision. The operation time and complications of the distal catheter between the two groups were compared. Results • Compared with Group O, the mean operation time was significantly reduced in Group L (54 min vs 90 min, P=0.000), and the incidence of distal catheter complications was also significantly decreased (0 vs 9.6%, P=0.002). In Group L, only one case of visceral injury, one case of distal catheter migration and one case of proximal catheter obstruction occurred. The incidences of infection and obstruction of the distal catheters were 0 in Group L, significantly lower than those in Group O (0 vs 4.6%, P=0.039; 0 vs 5.0%, P=0.030). In Group O, 10 cases of distal catheter infection, 11 cases of obstruction, 4 cases of visceral injury and 2 cases of incisional hernia occurred. Conclusion • The modified two-trocar LAVPS, of which the distal catheter was guided by a suture loop method and placed in the right hepato-diaphragmatic space, is a safe, economical and simple surgical procedure that is more effective in treating hydrocephalus of various origins than conventional OVPS.

Advances in basic and clinical manifestations of coagulopathy in end-stage liver diseases / 医学研究生学报

The liver plays a central role in hemostasis as the site of synthesis of most procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, and the clearance of many hemostatic and fibrinolytic components. On one hand, the decreased synthetic capacity of the liver due to end-stage liver diseases（ESLD） results in decreased hepatocyte-derived hemostatic proteins in plasma. On the other hand, intrahepatic and systemic inflammation in liver diseases results in chronic endothelial cell activation with additional consumption of platelets and hemostatic proteins. This two-way change makes the clotting state of end-stage liver disease extremely complicated and unpredictable. The common laboratory tests, such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), cannot precisely reflect the change of hemostasis in vivo in ESLD. Thus, in-depth understanding this disorder with more comprehensive tests, can more effectively promote the progress of diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy in ESLD. This article reviews the characteristics of changes in coagulation function, related detection methods, treatment and prevention in ESLD.

Curative efficacy and influencing factors of 131I treatment for pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the curative efficacy and influential factors of 131I treatment for pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods · A total of 95 DTC patients (33 males and 62 females) with pulmonary metastasis who underwent 131I treatment in Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from April 2012 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy of 131I treatment was assessed using determination of serum thyroglobulin level and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (～ (18) F-FDG PET/CT). The possible factors affecting efficacy included gender, age, pathological classification, wheteer pulmonary metastasis diagnosed before treatment, the iodine and 18F-FDG uptake of pulmonary lesions, the size and number of lung lesions, extrapulmonary distant metastasis.Univariate analysis was performed using Rank test and χ2 test, the critical value was obtained through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Logistic regression was also performed. Results · The rates of efficacy and inefficacy of 131I treatment were 53.68％ and 46.32％, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT (P=0.004), the size of lung metastases (P=0.000), age＜45 years (P=0.004), 131I uptake (P=0.022), whether pulmonary metastasis diagnosed before treatment (P=0.000), extrapulmonary distant metastasis (P=0.014) were the factors influencing outcome of 131I treatment. The critical value of 18F-FDG uptake for patients obtained by ROC curve was 1.45 (sensitivity of 56.8％ and specificity of 76.5％) and the critical value of lung lesion diameter was 9.63 mm (sensitivity of 43.2％ and specificity of 88.2％). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influential factors included the age of patients, the size and 18F-FDG SUVmax of lung metastases and whether pulmonary metastasis diagnosed before treatment. Conclusion · 131I treatment is an effective method for pulmonary metastases from DTC. The patients aged less than 45 years, with the lung lesion size less than 9.63 cm, low 18F-FDG SUVmax and diagnosed before treatment may have good response to 131I treatment.

Efficacy and peripheral immunity analysis of allogeneic natural killer cells therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to elucidate the mechanism of NK cells therapy.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one patients with primary HCC treated with allogeneic NK cells at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital were followed up for 1 year. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patient-related donors and cultured in vitro for 15 days and infused to the patients in two consecutive days. Clinical data and laboratory data were collected and analyzed, including survival, clinical features, imaging changes, hematology, immunology, and biochemical indicators to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic NK cell therapy. The changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets after treatment were also analyzed to explore the possible anti-tumor mechanisms.@*RESULTS@#(1) Of the 21 patients with primary HCC, 11 patients were treated once, 5 patients were treated twice, and 5 patients were treated 3 times. After allogeneic NK cells infusion, 10 patients had fever, 1 patient had slight hepatalgia and 1 patient had slight headache, no other adverse events occurred including acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). They resolved spontaneously within 8 hours without other treatment. (2) The total disease control rate was 76.2% during one-year follow-up. Among them, the patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage A had a disease control rate of 100%, stable disease (SD) in 10 cases; BCLC stage B patients had a disease control rate of 60%, partial response (PR) in 1 case, and SD 2 in cases; BCLC stage C patients had a disease control rate of 50%, complete response (CR) in 1 case, and 2 cases of PR. (3) The frequencies of NK cells and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were significantly lower than that before at 24 hours after treatment, and the frequencies of CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 were significantly higher than the baseline.@*CONCLUSION@#Allogeneic NK cells have good safety and efficacy in the treatment of primary HCC. The anti-tumor effect of the allogeneic NK cells may play an important role in the activation of the patient's natural immune system and delay disease progression, suggesting that allogeneic NK cells combined with sorafenib may be a very effective treatment for advanced HCC, and further large-sample multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to validate this result.

Prospects of Application of Microbial Biofilm to Estimate PMI of Corpses in Water / 法医学杂志

In forensic pathology, the estimation of postmortem interval （PMI） has always been a difficult issue, and there is still lack of effective methods to estimate PMI of corpses in water. Microbial biofilm refers to the microbial population attached to non-biological or biological surfaces by microorganisms during microbial growth, that has a three-dimensional structure, surrounded by extracellular polymers and matrix networks created by itself. A series of community succession phenomena of microorganisms occur during the occurrence and development of microbial population. The microbial community and its succession process of this kind of biofilm attached to the surface of a corpse in water may become a new basis for estimation of the PMI of corpses in water. This review elucidates on the concept, classification, research methods, and influencing factors of biofilm and analyzes its application prospects in PMI estimation of corpses in water, which would provide new ideas for the researches in this field.

Research Progress of Aquatic Corpse Decomposition and Postmortem Submersion Interval Estimation / 法医学杂志

Human corpses can be found in a variety of aquatic environments. The decomposition of corpses in aquatic environments is different from those on land. A large number of factors influence the decomposition process in water, therefore postmortem submersion interval （PMSI） is difficult to estimate. To date, while studies on aquatic corpses are obviously fewer than those on terrestrial corpses, there are many problems in practical work. This review summarizes the stages and influencing factors of aquatic corpse decomposition, and introduces the relevant research progress of PMSI estimation based on decomposition stages, postmortem phenomena, aquatic insects, biofilm, and physical and chemical methods, in order to provide reference for aquatic decomposition researches and practices.

Overcoming bottlenecks in stroke treatment to comprehensively improve the efficiency of emergent treatment / 第二军医大学学报

To overcome the bottlenecks of treatment for stroke and comprehensively improve the treatment efficiency, we need to do three jobs: public health education, entering hospital in time, and specialized stroke treatment. Lack of public knowledge about stroke is the most important bottleneck restricting the treatment of stroke in China. Public health education is the foundation of treatment for stroke. Another bottleneck is whether the patients can enter a capable hospital in time. Optimizing the referral system, establishing a regional stroke network, and applying modern referral tools and information network can help the patients entering the target hospital in time. Specialized treatment of stroke refers to the quick access to professional treatment for stroke, which requires to avoid delay in hospital; and the effective strategy is to build and optimize the green channel for stroke treatment.

Different riboswitches on regulatory efficiency of downstream target genes: a comparative study / 军事医学

Objective To compare the regulation effects of different activated and inhibitory riboswitches , and to facilitate the precise regulation of gene circuits .Methods A green fluorescent protein amcyan expression vector regulated by different riboswitches (addA, M6, TPP and btuB) was constructed, and the expression level of amcyan under different ligand concentrations was analyzed by RT-qPCR and relative fluorescence intensity , and then compared with the expression level of a vector without any riboswitch .The dynamic control performance was analyzed .Results Under the control of addA and M6 activated riboswitches , the expression of green fluorescent protein increased with ligand concentrations , and addA riboswitch had more dynamic regulatory effect than M 6 riboswitch.However, under the control of TPP and btuB inhibitory riboswitches , the expression of green fluorescence decreased with the increase in ligand concentrations , and the dynamic regulation of btuB riboswitch was slightly greater than that of TPP riboswitch .Conclusion The regulation efficacy of different riboswitches which have the same mechanism varies .Activated riboswitch addA and inhibitory riboswitch btuB with dynamic regulation and control advantages are more suitable for precise metabolism regulation and target gene expression in Escherichia coli.

Preparation and preliminary evaluation of chitosan composite KGF-2 mutant thermal sensitive dressing / 军事医学

Objective To develop chitosan composite keratinocyte growth factor-2 mutant(KGF-2M)temperature-sen-sitive dressing and evaluate its physicochemical properties and dynamic release rule were used.Methods Chitosan, chi-tosan quaternary ammonium salt,β-glycerophosphate and other adjuvant materials to configure different formulations which were compounded with KGF-2M in order to develop temperature-sensitive dressing.Gelling time, temperature,the release rate of KGF-2M and other indicators were measured to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the temperature -sen-sitive dressing.Results Chitosan-KGF-2M composite dressing with temperature-sensitive properties was obtained by opti-mizing the formulation components of chitosan and related adjuvant materials.When the liquid dressing was above 35℃,it could be converted from liquid to solid gelatin within 10 minutes.The compound KGF-2M released from the gel was more than 98%at 4 h,and its bioactivity remained stable.Conclusion The thermo-sensitive gel has the characteristics of good conformability,moisturizing(moisture),isolation,wound healing,and a controlled release effect,which has great potential in wartime for wound repair.

Protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced injury in rats. Methods Thirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S), model group (I/R), dif-ferent dosage drug groups(C1,C2,C3). Rat intesti-nal I/R model was established via clamping the superi-or mesenteric artery (SMA). After 1 h of ischemia, the arterial clamps were released for 1 h of reperfusion. 10,20,50 mg·kg-1of IL-Ra was injected via caudal vein 15min before reperfusion. Results After 2 h of I/R,compared with S group,I/R group rats exhibited severe damage on the intestinal mucosa, increase in MDA content, decrease in SOD activity, and signifi-cant release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. The results showed that, following the injection of IL-1Ra after clipping superior mesenteric artery, damage of the in-testinal mucosa was obviously relieved in different dos-age drug groups. Furthermore, there was different de-gree of relief on oxidative stress and inflammatory re-sponses. Conclusion IL-1Ra showed obvious protec-tive effect on intestinal I/R induced injury by relieving oxidative stress and inflammatory response,and it may potentially be used in the clinical treatment of intestinal I/R injury.

Clinical outcomes of using nonmodular tapered long stem in femoral revision with Paprosky Ⅲ bone defect / 医学研究生学报

Objective It is a great challenge to perform hip revision surgery especially with severe proximal femoral bone de -fect.This study aims to discuss the short-medium clinical outcomes of using nonmodular full-coated tapered stem in femoral revision with Paprosky Ⅲ bone defect. Methods From May 2011 to October 2015, 58 patients(58 hips)diagnosed as ostiolysis/aseptic loosening with severe femoral bone defect(Paprosky Ⅲ)were treated with hip revision surgery.The cases of septic loosening and tumor were excluded.Harris scoring system and pain visual analogue scale(VAS)were used pre-and post-operatively to evaluate the function of hip joints and the pain level.Radiograph was used to evaluate loosening,subsidence and bone healing of the prosthesis. Results All patients were followed-up with 24-67 months,the mean follow up time was 49.3±12.7 months.None of the patients showed infec-tion or surrounding bone fracture.Dislocation happened in one case after surgery and was treated with manipulative reduction without re -currence.One case had progressive subsidence which led to aseptic loosening and was treated with re-revision.By the end of last follow-up,Haris Score was improved from preoperative 41.6±6.9 points to 83.1±5.7 points, VAS score decreased from preoperative 6.7 ±1.6 points to 2.5 ±1.2 points,(P<0.05). Conclusion Nonmodular full-coated tapered stem can obtain good clinical effect in femoral revision with severe proximal bone defect.

Ultra-trace Metal Elements Analysis of High Purity Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

An analytical method was proposed to determine the ultra-trace metal elements in high-purity tetramethylammonium hydroxide ( TMAH).A total of 12 kinds of ultra-trace metal elements in 25% ( w/w) high-purity TMAH aqueous solution were directly determined after simple dilution with ultrapure water by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS/MS ).In MS/MS mode, the spectral interferences were eliminated by the reaction of target ions with O2 or NH3/He (1:9, V/V) in the collision/reaction cell ( CRC ) of the ICP-MS/MS.Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo were determined using the O2 mass shift method.Cd and Pb were analyZed based on the O2 on-mass method.Fe, Co, Cu and Zn were determined using the NH3/He mass shift method.Mg and Al were determined using the NH3/He on-mass.The detection limits for analytes were in the range of 0.3-57.2 ng/L.The spiked recoveries were in range of 92.0%-106.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than or equal to 4.6%.The procedure was applied for determining ultra-trace metal elements in 25% high-purity TMAH aqueous solution.

Application of High-throughput Sequencing in Researches of Cadaveric Microorganisms and Postmortem Interval Estimation / 法医学杂志

Necrobiome is the main factor causing the cadaver decomposition. Studying the microbial succession during decomposition is one of the main tasks of forensic microbiology. The interactive relationships among cadaver, environment and microorganisms are complicated. The microbial succession study relies on macroscopic monitoring of community composition and the diversity change in each decomposition stage. With the maturity and development of high-throughput sequencing （HTS）, the structure and diversity of microbial communities in different environments have been successively revealed. A new breakthrough to explore the cadaveric microorganisms has been opened as well. It has become the research hotspots in forensic microbiology to reveal the microbial succession in the process of cadaver decomposition and to interpret the essence of various decomposition phenomena by using HTS, which can provide a new reference for postmortem interval （PMI） estimation. The present paper reviews studies on PMI estimation by using cadaveric microorganism. Problems and application prospects of forensic microbiology studies are discussed on the basis of the current application of HTS technology in the exploration of microbial succession.

Effect of Dialysis on Antiplatelet Drug Efficacy in Uremic Patients with Coronary Heart Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Coronary intervention therapy is the main treatment for uremic patients with coronary heart disease. The studies on whether dialysis reduces the efficacy of dual antiplatelet drugs are limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dialysis on antiplatelet drugs in uremic patients with coronary heart disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 26 uremic patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2015 to May 2017. We examined their thromboelastography results before and after hemodialysis. Self-paired t-tests were employed to analyze changes in the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean inhibition rates of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation before and after hemodialysis were 82.56 ± 2.79% and 86.42 ± 3.32%, respectively (t= -1.278, P= 0.213). The mean inhibition rates of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation before and after hemodialysis were 67.87 ± 5.10% and 61.94 ± 5.90%, respectively (t = 1.425, P= 0.167). There was no significant difference in the inhibition rates of platelet aggregation before or after hemodialysis. These results also applied to patients with different sensitivity to aspirin and clopidogrel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dialysis did not affect the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and clopidogrel in uremic patients with coronary heart disease.</p>

Clinical application of Acrysof Toric intraocular lens based on Sirius measurement data / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of corneal curvature based on Sirius measurement on the accuracy of implantation of Acrysof Toric intraocular lens (IOL) and astigmatism correction.Methods In this prospective study,23 patients (36 eyes) with cataract and mild to moderate corneal astigmatism were recruited and underwent phacoemulsification and Acrysof Toric IOL implantation.In the observation group,the corneal curvature value of 19 eyes measured by Sirius was used as the basis for calculating Acrysof Toric intraocular lens power.In the control group,the corneal curvature value of 17 eyes measured by manual corneal curvature was used as the basis for calculating Acrysof Toric intraocular lens power.Main outcome measurements including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) surgically induced astigmatism(SIA),deviation of lens axis (LAD),index of corrected astigmatism (CAI) at 3 months postoperatively were observed.Results At 3 months postoperatively,the average UCVA of the observation group was (0.8 ± 0.11) and the average UCVA of the control group was (0.7 ± 0.73),there was no statistically significant differences (Z =1.277,P =0.372).The average BCVA of the observation group was (0.8 ± 0.21),and the average BCVA of the control group was (0.8 ± 0.41),there was no statistically significant differences (z =0.962,P =0.329).The deviation of lens axis of the observation group was (2.81 ± 1.72) ° and it was (3.12 ± 1.56)°in the control group,and there was no statistically significant differences (t =0.481,P =0.631).The index of corrected astigmatism of the observation group was (1.01 ± 0.21) and it was (1.03 ±0.32) in the control group,with no statistically significant differences (t =0.581,P =0.615).Conclusion Compared with the manual keratometer,Acrysof Toric IOL calculation based on Sirius measurement data is accurate and reliable.Meanwhile,Sirius has obvious advantages such as high resolution,non-contact,non-invasive and easy to operate.

Determination of Phosphorus and Silicon in Edible Vegetable Oil by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

An analytical method was developed for determination of P and Si in edible vegetable oil using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS).The microwave-assisted acid digestion of vegetable oil using HNO3 + H2O2 was carried out in closed vessels.The mass spectral interferences were eliminated by O2 mass shift when promoting reaction with O2 inside the collision reaction cell (CRC), and the monitoring of P as 31P16O+ product ion significantly improved the accuracy of the analysis.H2 was added into the CRC for H2 on-mass reaction.The interferences were eliminated by the quadrupole analyzer to accurately identify 28Si+.The effects of the flow rate of O2 and H2 in ORS3 on the signal intensities and BECs of 31P16O+ and 28Si+ were investigated.The optimum O2 and H2 flow rate was determined.Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 0.043 and 0.66 μg/L for 31P16O+ and 28Si+, respectively.The accuracy of the analytical method was assessed by the analysis of the standard reference materials lubricant oil (SRM 1848) from the National Institute of Standard and Technology.No significant differences were observed between the certified values and measured values.This method was used to analyze 5 kinds of edible vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, corn oil and soybean oil) from different regions of China, and it was found that the content of P was the highest in peanut oil, and Si showed the highest content in soybean oil.