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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of Ploton silver staining and phalloidin-iFlour 488 staining in observation of the morphology of osteocyte dendrites of mice at different developmental stages.@*METHODS@#The humerus and femurs were harvested from mice at 0 (P0), 5 (P5), 15 (P15), 21 (P21), 28 (P28), and 35 days (P35) after birth to prepare cryo-sections and paraffin sections. HE staining of P35 mouse femur sections served as a reference for observing osteocytes in the trabecular bone and cortical bone. The humeral sections at different developmental stages were stained with Ploton silver staining to observe the morphology of osteocytes and canaliculi, and the canalicular lengths in the cortical and trabecular bones of the humerus of the mice in each developmental stage were recorded. The cryo-sections of the humerus from P10 and P15 mice were stained with phalloidin iFlour-488 to observe the morphology of osteocytes and measurement of the length of osteocyte dendrites in the cortical bone.@*RESULTS@#In the trabecular bone of the humerus of P0-P15 mice, Ploton silver staining only visualized the outline of the osteocytes, and the morphology of the canaliculi was poorly defined. In P21 or older mice, Ploton silver staining revealed the morphology of the trabecular bone osteocytes and the canaliculi, which were neatly arranged and whose lengths increased significantly with age (P21 @*CONCLUSIONS@#Mouse osteocyte dendrites elongate progressively and their arrangement gradually becomes regular with age. Ploton silver staining can clearly visualize the morphology of the osteocytes and the canaliculi in adult mice but not in mice in early stages of development. Phalloidin iFlour-488 staining for labeling the cytoskeleton can be applied for mouse osteocytes at all developmental stages and allows morphological observation of mouse osteocytes in early developmental stages.
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Animais , Camundongos , Osso e Ossos , Dendritos , Osteócitos , Faloidina , Coloração pela PrataRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties and the clinical feasibility of Chinese version of the Oxford Knee Score in patients with knee osteoarthritis before total knee arthroplasty.Methods One hundred and fourteen (91 females,23 males) preoperative patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited.Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient,and dimensionality was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis.The correlations between the scale,namely,WOMAC,SF-8 and EQ-5D were used to determine construct validity.The floor and ceiling effects were also examined.Results The scale showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.885) and demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity with the moderate to strong correlations between the scale and WOMAC (r=-0.80),the SF-8 physical component summary (r=0.65),and the EQ-5D usual activities (r=-0.41) and mobility (r=-0.35).Moreover,the strong correlation between the scale and the SF-8 mental component summary (r=0.58),as well as the moderate correlation between the scale and the EQ-5D anxiety/depression (r=-0.35) were observed.Divergent construct validity was supported by weak correlation between the scale and EQ-5D VAS (r=0.30).The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors with eigenvalues ＞ 1,accounting for 66.02％ of the variance.All items had factor loadings above 0.4.Factor 1 closely relates to physical function,while factor 2 depicts pain associated with knee osteoarthritis.Factor 3 had only one item (item 8),reflecting the patient's sleep problems.No sign of floor or ceiling effect was found.Conclusion Chinese version of the Oxford Knee Score is proven to be a reliable,valid scale for knee osteoarthritis patients before total knee arthroplasty.
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Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties and the clinical feasibility of Chinese version of the Oxford Knee Score in patients with knee osteoarthritis before total knee arthroplasty.Methods One hundred and fourteen (91 females,23 males) preoperative patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited.Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient,and dimensionality was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis.The correlations between the scale,namely,WOMAC,SF-8 and EQ-5D were used to determine construct validity.The floor and ceiling effects were also examined.Results The scale showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.885) and demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity with the moderate to strong correlations between the scale and WOMAC (r=-0.80),the SF-8 physical component summary (r=0.65),and the EQ-5D usual activities (r=-0.41) and mobility (r=-0.35).Moreover,the strong correlation between the scale and the SF-8 mental component summary (r=0.58),as well as the moderate correlation between the scale and the EQ-5D anxiety/depression (r=-0.35) were observed.Divergent construct validity was supported by weak correlation between the scale and EQ-5D VAS (r=0.30).The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors with eigenvalues ＞ 1,accounting for 66.02％ of the variance.All items had factor loadings above 0.4.Factor 1 closely relates to physical function,while factor 2 depicts pain associated with knee osteoarthritis.Factor 3 had only one item (item 8),reflecting the patient's sleep problems.No sign of floor or ceiling effect was found.Conclusion Chinese version of the Oxford Knee Score is proven to be a reliable,valid scale for knee osteoarthritis patients before total knee arthroplasty.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of continuous and intermittent ice compression therapy following total knee arthroplasty surgery. Methods Eighty patients were divided into two groups receiving continuous or intermittent 30 minutes every 2 two hours within 48 hours after the operation. The subjective pain (VAS score), additional pain-killer use, swelling of extremity, drainage, range of motion were observed and compared. Results Patients in the observation group had less pain than those in the control group (Z values in the first 3 postoperative day was-2.722,-3.359,-2.039, respectively, P<0.05). Less pain-killers were required in the experimental group (Z=-2.559, P<0.05). The postoperative swelling by the thigh circumferences in the first day in the observation group was (1.84 ± 1.11) cm, which was milder than the (3.30 ± 1.69) cm of the control group (t=4.565, P<0.01). So was it in the calf circumferences, (0.94 ± 0.89 ) cm vs. (1.46 ± 0.91) cm (t=2.627, P=0.01). Within the first 3 days after the operation, this mildness still existed in aspect of thigh circumferences, which was (3.09±1.39) cm in the observation group vs the (4.09 ± 1.71) cm in the control group, t=2.869, P < 0.01. Conclusions Continuous ice compression therapy has better effects than intermittent 48 hours after total knee replacement, with functional training and exercise not disturbed. It is considered safe and assured, and is therefore recommended.
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Objective To explore the application of “PBL -Seminar” teaching method in nursing teaching for undergraduates majoring in nursing.Methods 54 nursing undergraduates from July 2012 to April 2013 were set as control group receiving the traditional teaching method, and another 52 nursing undergraduates from July 2013 to April 2014 at internship were set as experimental group, receiving “PBL -Seminar” teaching method, and then the two groups were compared in terms of teaching effects.Results The patient satisfaction was obviously improved, and the qualification rate of the nursing students and the comprehensive evaluation score were significantly higher as com-pared with the control group (p <0.5).Conclusion “PBL -Seminar” teaching method can effectively improve the effect of the nursing internship of nursing undergraduates and the teaching quality for the nursing undergraduates.