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In the current study, we aim to investigate whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with structural alterations in specific subfields of hippocampus comparing with trauma-exposed control (TC) in a relatively large sample. We included 67 PTSD patients who were diagnosed under Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) (DSM-Ⅳ) criteria and 78 age- and sex-matched non-PTSD adult survivors who experienced similar stressors. High resolution T1 weighted images were obtained via a GE 3.0 T scanner. The structural data was automatically segmented using FreeSurfer software, and volume of whole hippocampus and subfield including CA1, CA2-3, CA4-DG, fimbria, presubiculum, subiculum and fissure were extracted. Volume differences between the two groups were statistically compared with age, years of education, duration from the events and intracranial volume (ICV) as covariates. Hemisphere, sex and diagnosis were entered as fixed factors. Relationship between morphometric measurements with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score and illness duration were performed using Pearson's correlation with SPSS. Comparing to TC, PTSD patients showed no statistically significant alteration in volumes of the whole hippocampus and all the subfields ( > 0.05). In male patients, there were significant correlations between CAPS score and volume of right CA2-3 ( = 0.197, = 0.034), right subiculum ( = 0.245, = 0.016), and duration statistically correlated with right fissure ( = 0.247, = 0.016). In female patients, CAPS scores significant correlated with volume of left presubiculum ( = 0.095, = 0.042), left subiculum ( = 0.090, = 0.048), and left CA4-DG ( = 0.099, = 0.037). The main findings of the current study suggest that stress event causes non-selective damage to hippocampus in both PTSD patients and TC, and gender-specific lateralization may underlie PTSD pathology.
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Objective To verify the ability of distal ends of internal mammary artery and vein used as recipient vessels on breast and chest wall reconstruction. Methods Four bilateral (left 2 and right 2) scent pig buttock island flaps pedicled circle deep iliac artery and vein were used by comparing the different hemodynamic parameters (pressure; flux volume; perfusion unions) between the original pedicl artery (deep iliac artery), proximal and distal ends of internal mammary artery. The free flaps were transplantated by anastomosed end-end to the distal-ends of internal mammary artery and vein after the proximal ends were ligated. Results The pressure of distal end of internal mammary artery was 61%-65% of the pressure with original pedicl artery (deep iliac artery), the immediate volume of anastomasis stoma was a little lower than that of original pedicl artery. The flap, 15 cm?30 cm?2 cm in size, completely survived more than 14 days after operation. Conclusion The slightly decreased distal arterial pressure does not compromise flap survival. Bilateral scent pig buttock island flap pedicled circle deep iliac artery and vein is an ideal animal flap model. This hymodynamic model can be widely used .
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Objective To discuss the clinical technique and outcomes of the treatment with arthroscopically assisted percutaneous retrograde interlocking nailing for supracondylar femoral fractures. Methods From July 2001 to June 2003, there were 22 supracondylar femoral fractures which were 19 fresh fractures and 3 old fractures. There were 10 males and 12 females, and the average age of which was 39.5 years ranging from 22 to 65 years. 7 patients sustained falls, and the other 15 patients were caused by traffic accidents. According to the AO/ASIF classification system, 7 fractures were evaluated as type A1, 8 type A2 and 7 type A3. All the patients were treated by arthroscopically assisted percutaneous retrograde interlocking nailing. Some additional lesions were also treated under arthroscopy simultaneously, including 3 releases for the stiff knee, 2 removals of the loose bodies, 7 debridements and lavages for the osteoarthritis, and 3 bone grafts for the fracture union. Results The average operative time was 130 minutes ranging from 90 to 210 minutes, and the average blood loss was 100 ml. The reduction and fixation were proved to be satisfactory by the postoperative roentgenogram. 20 patients were available for follow-up, which ranged from 6 to 24 months with an average of 14 months. All the fractures were united on an average of 3.3 months postoperatively except one ranging from 2 to 6 months. The one with fracture union were reoperated with bone grafting and compressive plate fixation, and the fracture healed 3 months later. The range of motion was beyond 90? in all patients, no breakage of internal fixation instruments or wound infection occurred. The functional results of knee joint were assessed as excellent in 14, good in 5 and fair in 1, and the rate of excellent and good was 95%. Conclusion The percutaneous retrograde interlocking nailing for the supracondylar femoral fractures is proved to have many advantages, such as less trauma and blood loss, and accurate location, which are beneficial to both of the fracture union and functional recovery.