Renal-type clear cell carcinoma of prostate: A case report and review of literature

We analyzed the clinicopathological features of renal-type clear cell carcinoma (RTCCC) in the prostate and its diagnosis according to the example in our hospital and review of the literature. Clinicopathological features of RTCCC in the prostate were observed in a patient from our hospital combining with a review of the literature. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of cells with abundant and translucent cytoplasm, arranged in the form of the vesicular nest or glandular structure. Therefore, it was necessary to distinguish between metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and primary RTCCC in the prostate. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of this case showed tumor cells were positive expression for cytokeratin (CKpan), low-molecular weight cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), P504S, prostate-specific membrane antigen and partial positive expression for vimentin and CD10. The tumor cells displayed negative expression of high molecular weight cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CK34, PAX8, and renal cell carcinoma. The morphological and immunohistochemical features of this tumor were in correspondence with RTCCC of the prostate. This tumor is a rare variant of the prostate carcinomas. To the best of our knowledge, this type of extrarenal tumor has only been reported in six previous studies. Combination of histology, IHC, imaging, and serum PSA is needed to perform a suitable diagnosis.

Field evaluation of bednets impregnated with deltamethrin for malaria control.

Trials were undertaken in a hypoendemic area of malaria in an area bordering Vietnam, in Napo County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The aim was to compare the relative cost effectiveness of DDT residual spraying and of bednets impregnated with deltamethrin in the malaria control program. The trials were divided into three subgroups: (1) two farming areas and one coal mining area with a total population > 20,000, where the trial consisted of mass bednets impregnated with deltamethrin 15 mg/m2 net surface once a year, (2) one farming area with a population of approximately 3,600 where DDT residual spraying at 2g/m2 was carried out twice a year in May and August; (3) one farming area and one coal mining village with a population of > 4,000 were used as a control. The malaria vector population consisted mainly of Anopheles minimus and An. anthropophagus with a small contribution from An. sinensis. After bednets were impregnated with deltamethrin the mosquitos resting on the surface of the bednets decreased significantly, although there was less effect on the total vector population. The results showed that malaria incidence decreased significantly both in areas where impregnated bednets were used and in areas where residual spraying was undertaken. The positive IFAT rates of residents who slept under impregnated bednets decreased significantly in farming areas, especially in that area where bednet impregnation as a vector control measure had been undertaken for two years, but there was no change in the IFAT rate in DDT sprayed or control areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The advantages of mosquito biocontrol by stocking edible fish in rice paddies.

Edible fish stocked in rice fields at a density of 600-800 fry per mu (1 mu = 1/15 hectare) for 150-170 days may act as an effective mosquito biocontrol agent. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Tilopia spp. killed late stage larvae and pupae of Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorrhyncus in laboratory and field trials. Stocking of fish in experimental rice fields decreased larval numbers significantly in comparison with control areas. Expansion of fish stocking in rice fields on a large scale over several years correlated with a marked decrease in malaria transmission. The addition of fish to the rice fields also resulted in increased yields. A ditch-ridge system of field arrangements is described for optimization of fish handling. Preliminary cost-benefit analysis indicates that this approach to mosquito control conveys considerable economic advantage and thus provides incentive to the community to participate in vector control programs. Farmers' experience in Guangxi over a number of years indicates that the use of edible fish for this purpose can be carried on a large, commercially viable scale.