Effects of combined treatment with diethylhexyl phthalate and bisphenol A on hepatic injury and oxidative stress in rats liver / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the hepatic injury induced by combined exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate( DEHP) and bisphenol A( BPA) in rats and explore the mechanism of oxidative stress. METHODS: Thirty-two specific pathogen free healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,DEHP(750 mg/kg body weight) group,BPA(100 mg/kg body weight) group and combined exposure group,with 8 rats in each group. The rats were gavaged once per day,7 days per week,for 6 weeks. The changes of liver organ coefficient and histopathology were observed. The activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD), glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) and the levels of hydrogen peroxide( H2 O2),malondialdehyde( MDA) were detected by spectrophotometry. The relative mRNA expression of antioxidant gene nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2( Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1( HO-1),glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit( Gclc),thioredoxin reductase( Txnrd),superoxide dismutase 3( Sod3) and glutathione peroxidase 1( Gpx1) in liver tissue were examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The body weight of DEHP exposure group was lower than that of control group from the beginning of the 2 nd week( P < 0. 05),and the body weight of combined exposure group was lower than control group from the beginning of the 3 rd week( P < 0. 05). The liver mass and organ coefficients in DEHP group and combined exposure group were significantly higher than that of control group( P <0. 05). The results of pathology examination showed that there was necrosis of liver cells in DEHP group,vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm of BPA group,and severe inflammatory cell infiltration in combined exposure group. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px of each exposure group was reduced( P < 0. 05),the H2 O2 level of each exposure group was increased(P < 0. 05),meanwhile the MDA level in the liver tissue of the BPA group and the combined exposure group increased compared with the control group( P < 0. 05). The relative mRNA expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and Gpx1 in each exposure group were decreased( P < 0. 05),the relative mRNA expression of Gclc,Txnrd and Sod3 in DEHP group and mixed exposure group were decreased compared with the control group( P < 0. 05). The relative mRNA expression of Nrf2,HO-1,Gclc,Txnrd and Sod3 in combined exposure group were decreased compared with the BPA group( P < 0. 05).CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study,DEHP and BPA alone or in combination could cause hepatic injury. The combined effect was greater than single effect. The effect of DEHP was greater than that of BPA. The liver injury induced by DEHP and BPA was related to Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Changes of Serum Creatine Kinase after Bullet Fragment Injury in Dogs / 第三军医大学学报

The reaction of serum creatine kinase (SCK) to skeletal muscle injuries is very sensitive and specific. The changes of SCK levels were studied in 40 adult dogs after their hind legs were wounded with small bullet fragments. In addition, the relations between the changes of SCK levels and the mass and shape of the fragments and the severity of the tissue damage were also observed.It was found that SCK level increased significantly 30 minutes after injury. It continued to increase and reached the peak in 6 hours. Pathological studies revealed that necrosis occurred in the skeletal muscle cells in the first 6 hours after injury. The increasing of SCK level was in good agreement with the exten-siveness of the tissue damage. There was also a definite linear relationship between the SCK reaction and the amount of kinetic energy absorbed by the tissues, and the amount of the dead tissues excised.Our results prove that the severity of tissue damage resulting from fragment injury is closely related to the shape, mass and impact velocity of the fragments.

Reactions of serum Creatine Kinase in Early phase of Spherical steel-bullet Injury / 第三军医大学学报

Through the experiments of producing spherical steel-bullet (4.763mm in caliber and 0,44gm in weight) wound on the hind legs of 17 dogs, the authors re- ported that there was a definite linear relationship between the reactions of the serum creatine kinase and the amount of kintic energy from the high speed of the bullets absorbed by the tissues and also with the weight of dead tissue removed around the bullet-path, Within the first 6 hours after injury, the activity of SCK increased with the rise of the biologic effect values of the amount of the kinetic energy absorbed and the weight of the dead tissue removed.