Advance in the degradation of biodegradable plastics in different environments / 生物工程学报

With the continuously increasing demands of plastic products in the current society, the challenge of disposing plastic waste is constantly increasing, leading to the urgent need of mitigating plastic pollution. As a consequence, much attention has been paid to biodegradable plastics due to their degradability in a bio-active environment under certain conditions. Biodegradable plastics herald vast development potentials and considerable market prospects. The degradation of numerous types of biodegradable plastics will be affected by many factors. A thorough understanding of degradation mechanisms as well as functional microbial strains and enzymes is the key to comprehensive utilization and efficient treatment and disposal of biodegradable plastics. The article summarized the types, properties, advantages and disadvantages, and main applications of common biodegradable plastics. The degradation mechanisms, functional microbial strains and enzymes, as well as the degradation degree and duration under different environmental conditions, were also summarized. This review may help better understand the degradation of biodegradable plastics wastes.

Complications of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement for Pulmonary Embolism after Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate severe complications of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) applying for preventing pulmonary embo-lism after spinal cord injury. Methods From December 2014 to July 2015, 95 patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in our hospital were retrospected. Results Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) appeared in 23 cases, in which 15 cases placed IVCF. All patients accepted anti-coagulant therapy, except 10 cases with contraindication. 3 cases had severe complication, in which 2 cases had comprehensive DVT distal to IVCF, with both lower limbs severe swelling, acute renal inadequacy and hypertension;1 case had continuous hyperpyrexia. Conclusion Although the IVCF placement was widely used in acute SCI for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients with DVT, however, the selec-tion of IVCF and complication prevention should be taken into account.

Cervical Fracture Dislocation Combined with Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome:32 Cases Report / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the mechanism, pathology, diagnosis and manage strategy of cervical fracture dislocation combined with anterior spinal cord syndrome (ASCS). Methods 32 cases of cervical fracture dislocation combined with ASCS from January 2012 to Sep-tember 2014 were summarized. The mechanisms of injury and pathological characteristics were analyzed. All of them received surgical treat-ment. Anterior approach or anterior approach combined with posterior approach was chosen according to the characteristics of injury. Re-sults All surgical treatments were successfully performed. There were 22 cases (68.75%) with hyperflexion, 5 cases (15.62%) with vertical hit, 1 case (3.12%) with hyperextension and 4 cases (12.5%) with multiple reasons. There were 4 cases (12.5%) with simple anterior disloca-tion, 28 cases (87.5%) with fracture combined with anterior dislocation. Only 8 cases were successfully diagnosed as ASCS, and the others (24 cases) were generally defined as spinal cord injury. Conclusion ASCS is not so rare. Hyperflexion injury is the most common mecha-nism. Anterior dislocation and fracture combined with anterior dislocation are the general types of pathology. Conscientious physical exami-nation with CT and MRI can facilitate the diagnosis. Anterior approach or combined with posterior approach could be selected according to injury mechanism.

Cervical Fracture Dislocation Combined with Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome: 32 Cases Report / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the mechanism, pathology, diagnosis and manage strategy of cervical fracture dislocation combined with anterior spinal cord syndrome (ASCS). Methods 32 cases of cervical fracture dislocation combined with ASCS from January 2012 to September 2014 were summarized. The mechanisms of injury and pathological characteristics were analyzed. All of them received surgical treatment. Anterior approach or anterior approach combined with posterior approach was chosen according to the characteristics of injury. Results All surgical treatments were successfully performed. There were 22 cases (68.75%) with hyperflexion, 5 cases (15.62%) with vertical hit, 1 case (3.12%) with hyperextension and 4 cases (12.5%) with multiple reasons. There were 4 cases (12.5%) with simple anterior dislocation, 28 cases (87.5%) with fracture combined with anterior dislocation. Only 8 cases were successfully diagnosed as ASCS, and the others (24 cases) were generally defined as spinal cord injury. Conclusion ASCS is not so rare. Hyperflexion injury is the most common mechanism. Anterior dislocation and fracture combined with anterior dislocation are the general types of pathology. Conscientious physical examination with CT and MRI can facilitate the diagnosis. Anterior approach or combined with posterior approach could be selected according to injury mechanism.

Isolation and identification of human endometrial stromal stem cells / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate, culture and identify of human endometrial stromal stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endometrial tissue was obtained from 10 women undergoing hysterectomy. Purified stromal stem cell suspensions were then obtained by selecting cells with magnetic bead sorting and colony-forming. The surface markers of stromal cell were identified by flow cytometry. Proliferation of stromal stem cell was observed by MTT methods. The osteogenic potential was evaluated by alizarin red staining, the adipogenic potential by oil red O staining. Then the adipogenic and osteogenic specific markers of differentiated cells assayed by RT-PCR method. Expression of cell surface antigen OCT-4 was detected with immunocytochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endometrial stem cells were successfully isolated from human endometrial tissue. They were stably proliferated and subcultured in vitro. Most of the passage cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers CD90, CD105 but not hemopoietic markers CD34, CD45. The analysis of cell cycle indicated that the percentage of G2-M phase and S phase cells increased. The growth curves of the third passage presented in "S" shape. After cultured in differentiation medium, the cells differentiated toward adipoblasts and osteoblasts as verified by positive staining with Oil Red O and alizarin red staining. Under induction,cells expressed osteogenic and adipogenic marker genes. The immunocytochemical staining of OCT-4 was positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human endometrium contains endometrial stromal stem cells, which present characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and may be used as seed cells for tissue engineering.</p>

Comparative Study of Complete and Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries Complicated with Venous Thromboembolism / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between complete and incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Methods 177 cases of acute cervical spinal cord injury were observed from April 2007 to July 2010. According to ASIA classification, 52 cases of grade A involved in observation group, while 125 cases of grades B~D involved in control group. Intervention included low molecular weight heparin and rehabilitation training. Incidence of VTE in two groups was compared. Results There was 11 cases complicated with VTE in the observation group (21.2%) while 6 cases in the control group (4.8%). There was a difference in incidence of VTE between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a higher incidence of VTE in complete than incomplete cervical spinal cord injury

Rehabilitation on Cervical Fracture-dislocation Following Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation on cervical fracture-dislocation following spinal cord injury.Methods126 patients with cervical fracture-dislocation following spinal cord injury from August, 2002 to March, 2009 in our hospital had undergone cervical anterior surgical treatment. 22 cases were picked up as control group, who missed rehabilitation after surgery. 22 cases were chosen randomly from the rest of 104 cases as rehabilitation group, who had undergone rehabilitation. Prognosis was evaluated by Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores score(JOA).ResultsFollow-up time was 8-32 months，mean time 18 months. The limb function of rehabilitation group improved significantly. JOA score and quality of life were much higher in rehabilitation group than in control group.ConclusionRehabilitation is very beneficial to improve the quality of life and prognosis, and reduce complications of patients with cervical fracture-dislocation following spinal cord injury at the early stage.

X-ray and CT Diagnosis of Unilateral Dislocation of the Lower Cervical Vertebra / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study X-ray and CT methods of diagnosis of unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra(C_(3～7)).Methods 15 cases of the injury of unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra were reviewed from August 2002 to June 2008,X-ray and CT findings were observed.Results Lateral projection of X-ray showed:the anterior displacement of dislocated vertebra was less than 25% in 15 cases,the distance of posterior border of lateral mass of below vertebral body to line of neural scute changed rapidly in 13 cases,sign of "bow tie" of processus articularis superior in 12 cases.Antero-posterior projection showed that spinal process was lateral deviation.Oblique projection showed that intervertebral joints were dislocation or interlocking. CT showed:the "hamburger" sign were destroyed in 7 cases,fracture of unilateral articular process in 8 cases,rotation of vertebral body of dislocation and its superior vertebral body in 13 cases, "double ring" sign in 12 cases.Conclusion The signs of X-ray and CT in combination with the mechanism of injury and clinical situation,the unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra can be diagnosed accurately.

Influence of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Perioperative Bleeding after Rear Operation of Thoracolumbar Spinal Bursting Fracture / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the influence of bleeding after using low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with thoracolumbar spinal bursting fracture and spinal cord injury operated by rear internal fixation. Methods 120 cases were divided into the observation group (64 cases) and control group (56 cases). The observation group accepted hypodermic injection of LMWH to prevent DVT, while the control group did not. Results The volume of bleeding and blood transfusion, the change of red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin were compared between two groups before and after operation. There is no statistical significance. Conclusion During the period of the operation of rear internal fixation, low molecular weight heparin cannot increase the bleeding and is safe to prevent deep vein thrombosis.

Influence of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Perioperative Bleeding after Rear Operation of Thoracolumbar Spinal Bursting Fracture / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the influence of bleeding after using low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with thoracolumbar spinal bursting fracture and spinal cord injury operated by rear internal fixation. Methods 120 cases were divided into the observation group (64 cases) and control group (56 cases). The observation group accepted hypodermic injection of LMWH to prevent DVT, while the control group did not. Results The volume of bleeding and blood transfusion, the change of red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin were compared between two groups before and after operation. There is no statistical significance. Conclusion During the period of the operation of rear internal fixation, low molecular weight heparin cannot increase the bleeding and is safe to prevent deep vein thrombosis.

Active Mechanism of Nogo and Intervention to Nogo Receptor (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Nogo receptor is specific inhibiting factor conjuncted with myelin of central nervous system(CNS).After spinal cord injury,oligodendroglial cell and Nogo-A released from myelin inside cells inhibited the axonal regeneration.To analyze the intervention for Nogo receptor through molecule outside cell,information inside cell and gene,make clearing the inhibiting action of myelin-associated inhibiting factor-1,provide new thoughts and methods about axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and without Fracture and Dislocation / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the effect of both conservative and surgical treatment on cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation.Methods28 patients were divided into the surgical group (16 cases, treated with modified open door laminoplasty using anchor method and carried on early rehabilitation training) and conservative group (12 cases, treated with rehabilitation training after admission). All patients were assessed with JOA grade before and 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, and improvement rate was calculated.ResultsJOA grade of all patients increased after both surgical and conservative treatment ( P< 0.001), but the effect of surgical treatment was significant better than that of conservative treatment ( P< 0.001).ConclusionThe effect of early surgical treatment on cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation is superior to conservative treatment.