Investigation on community health service requirements and health-seeking behaviors of the elderly in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the current situation of community health service requirements and health-seeking behaviors of the elderly in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City and analyse its mainly influencing factors,in order to provide references for further promoting hierarchical medical pattern.Methods A total of 410 elderly persons aged 60 year old or older treated in four community health service centers in Yuzhong district of Chongqing city in June 2015 were recruited by using multi-stage random sampling technique.The basic information about demography,cognitions and requirements of community health service,cost of health service and health-seeking behaviors were surveyed via questionnaire,and were analysed.Results A total of 402 effective questionnaires were returned,and the effective response rate was 98.05％.There were 76.37％ of elderly persons firstly selected community health service centers for disease treatment.The main factors affected health-seeking behaviors of the elderly were suffering from the coronary heart disease,the waiting time in community health service centers,the medical costs per month,facilities and environment of the community health service centers and whether to pay for health insurance.Conclusion Community health centers should make full use of their own advantages and convenience.It is necessary to provide characteristic services for the corresponding elderly patients,and increase the public health input.All of these are intended to raise the synthesized level of diagnosis and treatment in community health service centers,and change health-seeking behaviors of elderly patients fundamentally.

Factors affecting the participation rates in epidemiologic surveys / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the response in health-related epidemiological investigation among Chinese population aged 15 and over.We analyzed the specific causes of non-response,and explored the effective ways to improve the response rate,so as to provide reference for future epidemiological studies of this kind.Methods Two modes of studies regarding the prevalence of important cardiovascular diseases were used in Chongqing,during the 12th Five-Year Plan period in oder to find out the cause related to non-response.Intervention programs were carried out to evaluate the effects.Results When using the concentrated mode (CM),the completion rate to the questionnaires was only 20.00％ in the pre-investigation,with the response rate as 13.48％.In the deconcentrated mode (DM),the completion rate was 31.16％,with the response rate as 25.19％.After a series of incentives provided to both the respondents and the project-related core staff in the two modes,response rates of the two modes increased to the expected 60％.Conclusions CM appeared having advantages on quality control,but was more time consuming,with higher cost,and without effective follow-up measures to improve the response rate.However,DM had the advantages on controlling the cost and could increase the response rate through making advanced appointment with the households but quality control remained difficult.Two key points should be strengthened to improve the response rates,which including:Precisely finding out the research objects and providing incentives to the respondents to attract their interests of participating in the investigation.

Factors affecting the participation rates in epidemiologic surveys / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the response in health-related epidemiological investigation among Chinese population aged 15 and over.We analyzed the specific causes of non-response,and explored the effective ways to improve the response rate,so as to provide reference for future epidemiological studies of this kind.Methods Two modes of studies regarding the prevalence of important cardiovascular diseases were used in Chongqing,during the 12th Five-Year Plan period in oder to find out the cause related to non-response.Intervention programs were carried out to evaluate the effects.Results When using the concentrated mode (CM),the completion rate to the questionnaires was only 20.00％ in the pre-investigation,with the response rate as 13.48％.In the deconcentrated mode (DM),the completion rate was 31.16％,with the response rate as 25.19％.After a series of incentives provided to both the respondents and the project-related core staff in the two modes,response rates of the two modes increased to the expected 60％.Conclusions CM appeared having advantages on quality control,but was more time consuming,with higher cost,and without effective follow-up measures to improve the response rate.However,DM had the advantages on controlling the cost and could increase the response rate through making advanced appointment with the households but quality control remained difficult.Two key points should be strengthened to improve the response rates,which including:Precisely finding out the research objects and providing incentives to the respondents to attract their interests of participating in the investigation.

relationship between Alu I polymorphisms in the calcitonin receptor gene and fluorosis endemic to Chongqing, China

This study explored the association between an Alu I polymorphism at position 1,377 of the calcitonin receptor [CTR] gene and endemic fluorosis. A case-control study of 321 participants was conducted in regions with high fluorosis rates [Wushan and Fengjie counties] and those without high fluorosis rates [Yubei Qu county; termed nonfluorosis areas] in Chongqing, China. The participants were divided into three groups: the fluorosis group [FG] from areas with high fluoride exposure [121], the nonfluorosis group [NFG] from areas with high fluoride exposure [130], and a control group [CG] from areas with no excessive fluoride exposure [70]. An Alu I polymorphism in the CTR gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The genotype distributions within each group were as follows: CC 60.33% [73/121], CT 30.58% [37/121] and TT 9.09% [11/121] for the FG; CC 74.62% [97/130], CT 21.54% [28/130] and TT 3.85% [5/130] for the NFG, and CC 68.57% [48/70], CT 31.43% [22/70] and TT 0% [0/70] for the CG. Significant differences in Alu I genotypes were observed among the groups [chi[2] = 12.317, upsilon = 4, p = 0.015]. Allele frequencies of CTR genotypes differed significantly among the groups [chi[2] = 8.859, upsilon = 2, p = 0.012]: C 75.62% [183/242] and T 24.38% [59/242] for the FG, C 85.38% [222/260] and T 14.62% [38/260] for the NFG, and C 84.29% [118/140] and T 15.71% [22/140] for the CG. An association between fluorosis and the Alu I polymorphism in the CTR gene was observed in fluoride-exposed populations

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in CBM(Chinese Biomedical Database),CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure),Wan-fang,VIP,Pub-Med,Web of Knowledge and EBSCO to collect articles published at home and abroad between 1994-2012 concerning the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.The study was a self-controlled intervention study.The quality of literature was evaluated using the standards of Cochrane and EPOC.Meta-analysis was performed to assess the knowledge about fluorosis prevention using Rev-Man 5.0.Homogeneous data(P ＞ 0.05) was analyzed using a fixed effects model,and heterogeneous data (P≤ 0.05) was analyzed using a random effects model.Results A total of 146 Chinese research papers and 192 English research papers were retrieved.By screening,35 Chinese research papers meet the standards.After reading the full text,6 papers were selected.English literature was not found.According to EPOC criteria all the six literatures included were grade B.Because heterogeneity of the literatures was higher,knowledge point was stratify analyzed according to the study subjects.The intervention effect of students was higher than that of the housewives.After the intervention,the fluorosis disease prevention knowledge awareness of schoolchildren and housewives were increased by 28％ and 26％.Conclusions Health education has a good effect in improving the knowledge of fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.

Survey of Current Status of Three-Chamber Septic Tanks at a Sampling Point in Chongqing / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To perform a hygienic assessment of the three-chamber septic tanks and analyze the efficiency of non- hazardous treatment of feces and the impact on the environment, so as to provide the reference for the three-chamber septic tanks improvement test. Methods From September 2007 to January 2008, the 20 latrines of residents and the three-chamber septic tanks were selected by simple random sampling method from A village of A town , Chongqing , as the investigation point,with suitable economic conditions,the status of the latrines with three-chamber septic tanks were surveyed, and the hygienic and environmental indicators of the third chamber feces samples were detected. Results After the implementation of the three-chamber septic tanks, the rural ecological environment was improved. The samples test showed that pH value was basically in the range of 8-9, the qualified rate was 85%, as for the other indicators, the qualified rates were generally lower. The qualified rate of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was only 5% , five-day biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus was 10% , SS and the color was 15% , fecal coliform value of the samples were not qualified. Conclusion The management of the three-chamber septic tanks needs to be improved. If the liquid dung of septic tanks was directly discharged, it will cause secondary environmental pollution.So it should be deeply treated.