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ObjectiveTo observe the pharmacodynamic effects of Cinnamomi Cortex on the incretin effect in the rat model of diabetes mellites （DM） induced by streptozotocin （STZ） and explore the underlying mechanism from glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 （DPP-4）. MethodForty SD rats were randomly assigned into blank， model， sitagliptin （0.1 g·kg-1）， and low- and high-dose Cinnamomi Cortex （0.45 and 0.9 g·kg-1， respectively） groups. The DM rat model was established by a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg·kg-1 STZ in other groups except the blank group. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The status， body weight， water intake， food intake， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） of the rats were observed and determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the pancreas， and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of glucagon in the pancreas. Biochemical assay was employed to measure the serum levels of lipid metabolism indexes such as total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， and high-density lipoprotein （HDL）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin， insulin， glucagon， GLP-1， and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide （GIP） in rat serum， and Western blot to determine the protein levels of GLP-1 and DPP-4 in the pancreas. ResultAfter 8 weeks of intervention， the model group showed higher body weight， FBG， TC， TG， LDL， glycosylated hemoglobin， glucagon， insulin， and insulin resistance index and lower HDL， GLP-1， and GIP than the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed lower body weight， FBG， TC， TG， LDL， glycosylated hemoglobin， glucagon， insulin， and insulin resistance index and higher HDL， GLP-1， and GIP than the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed recovered morphology of islet cells and no nucleus aggregation. Compared with the model group， the Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed declined levels of glucagon in the center of islet cells. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed up-regulated protein level of DPP-4 and down-regulated protein level of GLP-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed down-regulated protein level of DPP-4 and up-regulated protein level of GLP-1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionCinnamomi Cortex may reduce blood glucose and improve incretin effect to lower the blood glucose level by regulating DPP-4 and GLP-1 in DM rats.
RESUMO
By reviewing its experimental studies as well as clinical investigations,experiences and proven cases,this paper presented the main directions and methods in the study of Guo-Min (GM) decoction.It proved that GM decoction had identified anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.Its effect may be through blocking H1 receptors,and lowering IgE in serum of type I allergic reaction to achieve.It showed that the clinical observation on multi-center,large sample randomized double-blinded controlled trials combined with compatibility laws of Chinese herbs and prescriptions by chemomics will be the future study direction of GM decoction.It played significant role in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
RESUMO
After analyzing current different understandings on the theory of spleen taking charge of energy of long summer, the author put forward the essential connotation that the spleen is a self-balanced regulation system based on time, and the spleen mainly regulates the body in long summer. The spleen is exteriorly-interiorly related to the stomach. The spleen governs ascending and the stomach governs descending, which actually summarizes the function of the whole digestive system. The spleen and stomach co-keep the self-balanced condition for the body, through the coordination of receiving and transportation, ascending and descending, dryness and dampness. The spleen is respon-sible for transportation and transformation, ascending of the clear, with a preference for dryness and aversion to dampness, which is regarded as Taiyin wet earth, corresponding with dampness in the long summer. The stomach governs receiving and descending, with a preference for moistness and aversion to dryness, which is considered to be the Y angming dry earth. In the long summer, spleen deficiency due to dampness retention may lead to hypo-func-tions of transporting and transforming, ascending of the clear; stomach excess thanks to the help of moistness and heat may lead to relative hyper-functions of receiving and decomposing food, as well as descending. The functional condition of spleen deficiency and stomach excess duo to abundant dampness in the long summer plays a dominant role in regulation on their own system and other four zang-organs; in other seasons, the functions of spleen and stomach are in a subordinate state assisting or inhibiting other four zang-organs, in pace with time, to keep balanced condition for the body, through their characteristics of nourishing and transforming. Due to spleen deficiency and stomach excess in the long summer, manifestations of the body are hyper-function of digestion and hypo-function of absorption, and may easily lead to problems in the digestive system, such as abdominal distension and loose stool. Correct understanding on the essential connotation of spleen taking charge of energy of long summer has an impor-tant significance on the pathology, diagnosis, prevention, healthcare and treatment of seasonal attacks in the digestive system.