RESUMO
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivated in almost all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, has its largest output in China, and then, according to FAO data, Turkey, Iran and Brazil, being one of the main crops cultivated in State of Tocantins, Brazil. In this work was investigated the occurrence and distribution of the watermelon viruses, totaling 752 samples taken in a stratified experimental design in four representative regions of production: Gurupi (150), Lagoa da Confusao (232), Formoso do Araguaia (265) and Porto Nacional (105). The sampling and collecting the leaves of plants with the presence of symptoms were performed once a week during the entire cultivation cycle. As a result, were observed by Dot-ELISA method, different types of viruses, such as Papaya ringspot W (PRSV-W), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) (potyvirus), Cucumber mosaic virus ( CMV) (Cucumovirus) and Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) (Tospovirus). Of these, PRSV-W was predominant (22%), followed by WMV (15%), ZLCV (11%), CMV (5%) and ZYMV (4%). Mixed infections with PRSV-W + WMV and PRSV-W + ZLCV were also observed around 20% frequency (expressed with symptoms differently from a single infection). The results provide important support for the program management viruses.
RESUMO
Efetuou-se revisäo de literatura sobre o descarte de embalagens e de resíduos de agrotóxicos. Foram discutidos os aspectos legais, o impacto ambiental causado pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, os tipos de embalagens e os métodos (biológicos, físicos e químicos) utilizados para o seu descarte, além daqueles para recuperaçäo/reciclagem. Concluiu-se que é necessário o estabelecimento de açäo conjunta entre instituiçöes governamentais, empresas produtoras e usuários destes produtos, visando a conscientizaçäo quanto ao uso adequado e seguro de agrotóxicos, além da destinaçäo final correta de embalagens vazias e de resíduos