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The most important treatment of anti 2019 novel coronavirus is antiviral and supportive treatment. Currently, the anti novel coronavirus drugs in clinical trials include broad-spectrum antiviral drugs (Alpha interferon and Ribavirin), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Arbidol), human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Darunavir/Cobicistat), nucleoside analogues (Favipiravir and Remdesivir) and antimalarial drug (chloroquine), however, some patients suffered from liver damage during the actual usage. This article reviews the research on liver damage associated with anti novel coronavirus drugs, aiming at promoting the rational, safe and effective use of anti novel coronavirus drugs.
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Antiviral therapy is important for COVID-19. Currently, the anti-2019-nCoV drugs in clinical trials include broad-spectrum antiviral drugs (alpha interferon and ribavirin), hemagglutinin inhibitors (arbidol), human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/cobicistat), nucleoside analogues (favipiravir and remdesivir) and antimalarial drug (chloroquine); while liver damage may occur in some patients with the medication. This article reviews the research on liver damage associated with anti-2019-nCoV drugs, aiming at promoting the safe and effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets on homocysteine (Hcy), antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), thyroid function, folic acid and vitamin B 12 levels and pregnancy outcome in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy. Methods:From January 2018 to August 2019, 120 cases of pregnant SCH patients in Shaoxing Central Hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random digital table method, with 60 cases in each group.The observation group was given levothyroxine sodium tablet intervention, while the control group was not given any drug intervention.The changes of Hcy, TPO-Ab, thyroid function, folate level and pregnancy outcome were compared before and after treatment.Results:The serum levels of Hcy[(7.79±0.64)μmol/L]and TPO-Ab[(26.59±2.76)U/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group[(8.49±0.87)μmol/L and (30.49±3.25)U/L]( t=5.020, 7.085, all P<0.05). The serum TSH level[(2.25±0.48) mIU /L] in the observation group was lower than that in the control group[(3.49±0.70)mIU/L]( t=11.317, P<0.05). The levels of folate[(12.17±1.08)μg/L]and vitamin B 12[(487.23±26.23)ng/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group[(10.80±1.29)μg/L and (442.81±31.56)ng/L]( t=6.308, 8.385, all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (28.33%) (χ 2=6.508, P<0.05). Conclusion:Levothyroxine sodium tablets can reduce Hcy and TPO-Ab levels, increase TSH, folate and vitamin B 12 levels, and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Immunoproteasome is associated with various diseases such as hematologic malignancies, inflammatory, autoimmune and central nervous system diseases, and over expression of immunoproteasome is observed in all of these diseases. Immunoproteasome inhibitors can reduce the expression of immunoproteasome by inhibiting the production of related cell-inducing factors and the activity of T lymphocyte for treating related diseases. In order to achieve good efficacy and reduce the toxic effects, key for development of selective immunoproteasome inhibitors is the high selectivity and potent activity of the three active subunits of the proteasome. This review summarizes the structure and functions of immunoproteasome and the associated diseases. Besides, structure, activity and status of selective immunoproteasome inhibitors are also been highlighted.