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Objective:To explore the macroscopic medication rule of Chinese medicine for the treatment of primary liver cancer and provide references for clinical medication. Method:The databases of CNKI，VIP， and Wanfang Data were searched for research articles published from September 1959 to June 2019 with the terms of "Chinese medicine" and "liver cancer". A database was established based on the collected Chinese medicinal prescriptions for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The frequency，clustering， and association rules were analyzed by Excel， etc. Result:In this study，106 effective articles were included，and after the modified prescriptions were removed， 92 effective prescriptions were screened out，involving 281 Chinese herbal medicines used for 1 181 times in total. The top 5 high-frequency drugs were Poria （deficiency-tonifying），Astragali Radix （heat-clearing），Bupleuri Radix （blood-activating and stasis-resolving），Paeoniae Radix Alba （urination-promoting and dampness-draining）， and Codonopsis Radix （Qi-regulating）. The analysis of drug flavor with a frequency higher than 10 showed that most of the drugs were sweet，bitter， and pungent in flavor，cold，warm， and plain in nature，and acted on spleen and liver meridians. Four combinations and 10 herbal pairs were obtained by the cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs and association analysis， respectively. The high-frequency drugs and potential herbal pairs were classified targeting the specific clinical syndromes in different stages of liver cancer. Conclusion:Replenishing Qi， invigorating spleen，clearing heat， removing toxin，activating blood， and resolving stasis were the basic principles for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The combination of those drugs was the main therapeutic strategy. In addition，the resulting 10 potential herbal pairs from high-frequency drugs and cluster analysis could inspire the clinical treatment of primary liver cancer in different clinical stages with various clinical syndromes， which was of reference value for the clinical medication.
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Objective::To identify and analyze the chemical constituents in Bufei Jianpi formula by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Method::An Agilent Poroshell SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm) was used with a mobile phase system of 0.1% formic acid solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) for gradient elution (0-10 min, 3%B; 10-100 min, 3%-50%B; 100-120 min, 50%-100%B) under positive ion mode and water (A)-acetonitrile (B) for gradient elution (0-5 min, 3%B; 5-60 min, 3%-100%B) under negative ion mode, the flow rate was 0.6 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Mass spectrometric data were obtained under electrospray inoization (ESI) in positive and negative ion modes, the collection range was m/z 50-1 000.Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software was used to extract and match chromatographic peaks. Result::Combined with reference, related literature and database analysis, 95 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry information, including 41 flavonoids, 23 alkaloids, 12 lignans, 9 organic acids, and 10 other compounds. Conclusion::The chemical composition of Bufei Jianpi formula is complex, and the cracking rules of different components are different. Flavonoids are prone to deglycosylation, dehydration, Diels-Alder reaction (RDA) cleavage of the ring during lysis, and loss of some neutral molecules such as CO, CO2, CHO. Lignans has a substituent such as a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group or a methoxy group on the benzene ring, and it is easy to obtain a fragment ion which loses H2O or CO. The basic structure of organic acids is a phenolic hydroxyl group-substituted aromatic ring, acrylic acid, fatty acid or the like, this kind of compound is easy to lose H2O and COOH in negative ion mode, and it is easy to break at the carbonyl to form fragment ions. This established method is rapid, sensitive and accurate, which can quickly identify the chemical constituents in Bufei Jianpi formula and provide evidences for clarifying efficacy material base of this formula.
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Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and its components play a role in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. The definition of its mechanism of action in autophagy contributes to the development of TCM in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. In this paper, we summarized reports on the autophagy of liver cancer cells induced by TCM and its active ingredients, including those on promoting apoptosis and cycle inhibition induced by autophagy and inhibiting autophagy to block tumor cell cycle, but with a lack of systematic summarization. In this paper, according to different effect of TCM on autophagy induced by hepatocarcinoma, the TCM and its components were inductively analyzed in four aspects:inducing killing autophagy, inhibiting protective autophagy, inducing protective autophagy in liver cancer, and inducing unclear autophagy. According to the findings, TCMs and components that cause killing autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, arrest cell cycle, induce cell senescence or promote apoptosis. TCMs and components that inhibit protective autophagy can inhibit protective autophagy and hepatoma cell proliferation. TCMs and components that induce protective autophagy have a significant anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, shall be considered to be combined with autophagy inhibitors to enhance the lethality of drugs on liver cancer cells, and become a new way for such drugs to treat liver cancer. TCMs and components with an unclear inductive effect shall be first identified for their type of autophagy, then combined with autophagy agonists or blockers according to the type of autophagy to enhance their anti-liver cancer effect, and provide a new clinical therapeutic approach for liver cancer. In the aspect of autophagy, this study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of anti-hepatocarcinoma of TCM, but also makes it a new way to study anti-hepatocarcinoma by TCM.