Application of Case Discussion in Pathophysiological Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Case discussion is an effective approach,which combines basic theory with clinical medicine.It can evoke students' interest and cultivate their creative thinking capacity.Moreover,it can improve teachers' general ability in teaching pathophysiolo- gy.In this article,we discuss the application of case discussion in pathophysiology teaching.

Practice and Exploration of the Teaching Methods of Self-designed Experiment in Pathophysiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The self-designed experimental teaching method is introduced in detail in this paper,including the preparative work before class,discussion of experimental designing proposal,and accomplishment of specific experiment and so on.The teaching method innovations on pathophysiology experiment are very helpful to cultivate the students' ability to solve practical problem and lay the foundation to cultivate talented medical science personal.

Case——Teaching Method,the Embodiment of the Concept of Humanistic Education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The concept of humanistic education is based on the concern of human beings and their abilities of development. Thus,it is an educational concept to optimize the teaching modules.It stresses the point that education must regard the develop- ment of human beings as the main line and human beings should be emphasized in education from the very beginning to the end. Case-Teaching Method which takes the students as the main part fully manifests the concept of humanistic education,in which all teaching activities and the processes closely revolve the students in order to train them to carry on their studies and to solve the problems independently.

Down-regulation of metastatic phenotype in human melanoma cells by controlled expression of anti-sense matrix metalloproteinase 9 / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression and tumor invasion and metastasis as well, and to explore the potential application of controlled expression of target gene in tumor gene therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One self-contained tetracycline-regulated retroviral vector containing anti-sense cDNA of MMP-9 was constructed and transfected into a metastatic human melanoma cell line WM451 which expressed a high level of MMP-9. Techniques such as growth rate measurment, MTT assay, (3)H-thymidine incorporation, colony forming ability in soft agar, invasion assay in Boyden chamber, as well as zymography and Western blot were applied to analyze the expression of MMPs and behaviors of tumor cells in vitro before and after gene transfection. Tumorigenecity and spontaneous metastasis were tested in nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the presence of exogenous tetracycline, the transfected antisense MMP-9 did not affect the endogenous level of MMP-9 in WM451 cells, and showed no significant changes in cell behaviors in comparison with that of the vector-transfected control cells. Nevertheless, withdrawal of tetracycline from the medium caused a significant down-regulation of expression and activity of MMP-9. The capacity of cell growth in vitro, colony forming ability in soft agar, invasion through Matrigel all were inhibited remarkably when compared with the controls. Spontaneous metastasis in nude mice was significantly inhibited.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transfection of anti-sense MMP-9 can down-regulate the invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, further clarifying the important role of MMP-9 in tumor progression.</p>