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Nasal preparations have unique advantages in drug delivery and are widely used in the treatment of local and systemic diseases. Nasal administration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in China. In recent years， nasal preparations of TCM have attracted wide attention. Based on the information about nasal preparations of TCM from the database of National Medical Products Administration （NMPA）， Yaozh.com and China National Knowledge Internet （CNKI） in the recent 30 years， the formulation， the listed products， commonly used TCM， pharmaceutical excipients， clinical application and safety research of modern nasal preparations of TCM were summarized and expounded. Focusing on many problems in the development of modern nasal preparations of TCM， such as inaccurate dosage of some products， incomplete quality standard system of pharmaceutical excipients， imperfect safety evaluation， lack of research and development of nasal drug delivery devices and so on， the possible solutions and prospects were put forward from the aspects of optimizing the extraction and separation process of TCM， the quality control and application method of pharmaceutical excipients， the development of new dosage forms， the safety evaluation of nasal administration of TCM， and the design and development of nasal administration devices. The aim is to provide ideas for the development of nasal preparations of TCM and provide scientific basis for its sustainable utilization.
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Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Omalizumab in children suffering from multiple allergic diseases.Methods:All children who developed with multiple allergic diseases and were treated with Omalizumab in Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital from September 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Their gender, age, type of allergic disease, serum total IgE (TIgE) and serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) levels before treatment, Omalizumab dosage, therapeutic effect and adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Results:In terms of the 28 children who were treated with Omalizumab, the male/female ratio was 17/11, and the age was (9.6±2.7)years.There were 24 cases of asthma (85.7%), 24 cases of allergic rhinitis (85.7%), 9 cases of food allergy (32.1%), 7 cases of atopic dermatitis (25.0%), and 2 cases of chronic urticaria (7.1%), with 26 cases (92.8%) having more than two kinds of allergic diseases, and 28 children having elevated TIgE or sIgE.TIgE was between 39.5 to 3 826.0 kU/L, and the median was 611 kU/L.After treatment, the frequency of wheezing attacks in 24 children with asthma was reduced, the nasal symptoms in 24 children with allergic rhinitis were alleviated, the skin it-ching in 6 children with atopic dermatitis was alleviated, and 1 case had poor improvement, the symptoms in 2 cases with chronic urticaria were alleviated, 9 children had food allergy and 3 cases reached tolerance.Conclusions:The treatment of allergic diseases in children, apart from asthma, Omalizumab is suitable for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria.In the treatment of food allergy, it also has the function of increasing the threshold of food allergen tolerance.There are significant therapeutic benefits in children with multiple allergic diseases or being allergic to multiple allergens.
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Objective To investigate the values of combined detection of serum pancreas autoantibodies (PAB),anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies(ASCA),goblet cell autoantibodies(GAB) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(PANCA) and fecal calprotectin(FC) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Methods The serum and feces samples from IBD patients,including 107 with definite Crohn's disease(CD) and 98 with definite ulcerative colitis(UC),and 79 non-IBD patients as the control were collected.Serum PANCA,ASCA,GAB and PAB were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay,and FC concentration by double-antibody sandwich ELISA.The results from different patients were compared and analyzed.Results The positive rates of serum PANCA,GAB,PAB and ASCA in 205 IBD patients were 36.1％,29.8％,38.0％ and 4.9％,respectively.The FC concentrations in IBD,CD and UC patients were significantly higher than that in the control(P ＜ 0.01),while there was no statistical difference between CD and UC patients (P ＞ 0.05).The positive rates of PANCA in CD and UC patients were 8.4％ and 66.3％,respectively,while those of PAB in CD and UC patients were 65.4％ and 8.2％,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of PAB,PANCA,GAB,ASCA,FC and their combination in the differential diagnosis of IBD and non-IBD were 38.0％,36.1％,29.8％,4.9％,54.1％,63.4％ and 98.7％,96.2％,94.9％,100％,68.4％,93.7％,respectively.The area under the ROC of the combination of 5 markers was 0.819 in differentially diagnosing IBD and non-IBD.The area under the ROC of PANCA for the differential diagnosis of UC was 0.816,while that of PAB for the differential diagnosis of CD was 0.823.Conclusion GAB is an autoantibody associated with IBD,which may be helpful for the auxiliary diagnosis of IBD.PAB and PANCA are the important serological markers for the diagnosis of CD and UC,respectively.The combination of FC with PAB,PANCA,GAB and ASCA may be used for the differential diagnosis of IBD and non-IBD,but has little value in distinguishing CD and UC.
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Objective Laboratory tests of yeast, with their disadvantages of long identification, complicated operation, and low positive rate, cannot meet the needsof rapid diagnosis and timely treatment.This studyinvestigated the feasibility ofapplying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS) in rapid identification and clinical isolationof yeast strains. Methods A total of 120 clinical non-repetitive isolates were collected from clinical culture samples and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and VITEK 2-Compact/API, respectively.The discordant results were resolved by ITS gene sequencing. Results Of the 120 yeast isolates analyzed, 117 (97.5%) were correctly identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF-MS, 1(0.8%) misidenti-fied, and 2 ( 1.7%) unidentified.ITS gene sequencing of the 3 isolates showed the coincidence rate to be 0( 0/3) for MALDI-TOF-MS and Vitek 2-Compact/API. Conclusion MALDI-TOF-MScan be used as a rapid, accurate, and inexpensive tool for the identification of clinical yeast strains.
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Objective 30 Pseudomonasaeruginosa mechanism of resistance to quinolones.Methods For the determination of ciprofloxacin MIC by agar dilution method.Used PCR on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase Ⅳ,resistance genes gyrA,gyrB, parC and parE were amplified,and BLAST,to determine whether there was resistance to bits mutation point;using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)of these 30 strains homology analysis.Results The 28 bacterial strains gyrA gene ampli-fied fragment of 137 points were C→T mutation causes T83I;17 strains gyrB gene amplified fragment of 351 G→C lead to G466A;parC gene amplification 21 bacteria fragment 277 point increase with C→U mutation causes S87L change two differ-ent strains parE gene locus C→U mutation A425V and A473V cause change.PFGE results:30 Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be divided into six clones,Aclone 4,B clone 7,C clone 3,D clone 14,and two other single clones.Conclusion The tar-get mutant strains closely related to the epidemic clone type,the same changes in the same pop-type strains of drug targets, and proportional to the level of ciprofloxacin MICs value,the more the number of mutated genes,MICs value higher.GyrA gene most prone to mutation,the mutation was also the first to be discovered,more than any other target of the mutation mutations on binding of drugs and targets that would be the focus of concern.
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Five fractions were split for the chemical components of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome by the combination application of various separation methods and the over 90% similarity of HPLC fringerprints within each fractions indicated the good repeatability for the splitting procedure. Further, a term of nonsimilarity degree ( NSD) was introduced to measure the unoverlapping property of the chemical fractions and different statistic analyses, including principal component analysis, cluster analysis, angle cosin analysis, squared euclidean distance and the NSD of peak areas of crude drug were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their unoverlapping property, revealing the NSD among different fractions was calculated above 85%. Among them, the NSD of peak area of crude drug established on the basis of HPLC fingerprints of crude drug is more suitable for the NSD evaluation of chemical splitting fractions of crude drug comparing with other statistical methods and practical for reflecting the real content-activity relationship in the subsequent exploration of effective substances of crude drugs. This research provides a new effective method to evaluate the chemical difference of splitting fractions of Chinese medicine and lay the foundation for exploring the effective and property-flavor substances or of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
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This study was aimed to explore the stability of atractylon in volatile oil of A tractylodes macrocephala Koidz. under various conditions. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the atractylon content and atractylenolide content of volatile oils. And the relative percentages of atractylone and a-tractylenolide were selected as indexes to measure the change of atractylon. The results showed that the atractylon in atractylodes volatile oil was unstable with the rate of atractylon decomp osition up to 12% in natural conditions on the 6th day. The condition was almost not changed at room temperature and avoiding light. Atractylodes volatile oil in tween-80 solution was unstable with the rate of atractylon decomposition up to 30% at room temperature and avoiding light on the 5th day. The condition was almost not changed in the freezing temperature and avoiding light. The atracty-lon in volatile oil in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice were unstable, which were in conformity with the first order kinetics. It was concluded that the stability of atractylon of volatile oil was different. The atractylon of volatile oil was relatively stable in dilute solution within 48 hours. The atractylon in volatile oil was stable than its pure solution.
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The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in bone metabolism. Inducing the Wnt signaling pathway promotes bone formation while restraining it results in osteopenic states. Although the regulation of this signaling pathway may bring enormous therapeutic potential, it still requires cautious approach because of the risks of tumorigenesis. The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in bone metabolism and the molecular targets of therapeutic potential for osteoporosis are discussed in this review.
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Objective To understand the status of infection and epidemic trend of Dengue fever and Chikungunya in Guangdong.Methods Retrospective survey and literature review were used to obtain data on the incidence,etiology of Dengue and Chikungunya.Serological survey was conducted to detect the specific-antibodies in healthy individuals for both Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).Results Three epidemics of Dengue fever were observed during 1990-2012,with the annual incidence rates as 9.75/100 000 in 1995,1.76/100 000 in 2002 and 1.25/100 000 in 2006,respectively.The predominant epidemic strains appeared to be DENV-2 and DENV-4 during 1990-1994.Since 1995,DENV-1 had become the predominant transmission strain which lasted for almost 13 years.Co-existence of multiple serotypes of DENV started in 2009.Of the 7 718 sera from healthy population during 2003-2012,180 specimens were detected positive for specific DENV-IgG antibody,ended with a sero-prevalence rate of 2.33％.All 2 132 sera in 2012 were detected negative for CHIKV-IgG antibody.Conclusion The overall exposure level to Dengue was considered to be low in Guangdong province.However,the predominant transmission mode caused by DENV-1 had been gradually changed into the co-existence of multiple serotypes with the endemic signs appeared in some part of the areas.Chikungunya was a newly emerging disease in Guangdong since local people were lack of basic immunity barrier.Surveillance and control programs thus seemed important.
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A comprehensive, geometrically accurate, nonlinear C0-T1 three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed for the biomechanical study of human cervical spine and related disorders. The model was developed with anatomic detail from the computed tomography (CT) images of a 46-year-old female healthy volunteer, and applied the finite element model processing softwares such as MIMICS13.1, Hypermesh11.0, Abaqus 6.12-1, etc., for developing, preprocessing, calculating and analysing sequentially. The stress concentration region and the range of motion (ROM) of each vertebral level under axial rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending under physiologic static loadings were observed and recorded. The model was proven reliable, which was validated with the range of motion in previous published literatures. The model predicted the front and side parts of the foramen magnum and contralateral pedicle and facet was the stress concentration region under physiological loads of the upper spine and the lower spine, respectively. The development of this comprehensive, geometrically accurate, nonlinear cervical spine FE model could provide an ideal platform for theoretical biomechanical study of human cervical spine and related disorders.
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Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Vértebras Cervicais , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Modelos Biológicos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , RotaçãoRESUMO
10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.008
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of inhibition and activation of MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway on the expression of osteogenic genes and proliferation of rat osteoblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured rat osteoblasts, identified by cell morphology studies and ALP staining, were exposed to 1% or 5% rat serum for 24 h or to the specific MAPK-ERK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901. The downstream molecules of MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway including p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2, osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Type I collagen, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western Blotting, and alkaline phosphatase activities were analyzed quantitatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with 1% rat serum-treated cells, exposure of the cells to a higher concentration (5%) of rat serum caused a significantly increased phosphorylation level of p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05) and obviously enhanced expressions of the osteogenic genes (Runx2, type I collagen and ALP) and PCNA (P<0.05). Inhibition of the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway with PD0325901 resulted in suppressed expressions of the osteogenic genes and PCNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The activation of MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway promotes the expression of osteogenic genes such as Runx2, type I collagen and ALP and enhances the proliferative activity of the osteoblasts, while inhibition of this pathway suppresses the expressions of these genes and the cell proliferation, suggesting that this pathway may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.</p>
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Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Fosfatase Alcalina , Metabolismo , Antineoplásicos , Farmacologia , Benzamidas , Farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno Tipo I , Metabolismo , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core , Metabolismo , Difenilamina , Farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno , Metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno , Metabolismo , Osteoblastos , Biologia Celular , Metabolismo , Fosforilação , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação , Metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Objective To study the molecular characters of porA and porB genes which encode outer membrane proteins (OMP), and predominated clonal complex of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from Guangdong province. Methods Eighteen Neisseria meningitidis isolates from Guangdong province during year 1967 to 2007 were recovered and reconfirmed by API NH biochemical system, and serogrouped by antiserum. The characters of porA and porB gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing. The allele profiles and the sequence types (ST) were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Based on their allelic profiles, the evolution relationship was analyzed by PHYLIP software. The predominant clonal complex was determined through comparing with the information of reference strains from the PubMLST database. Results For porA gene, type 20 was more frequently in the variable region (VR) 1 and type 9 in VR2 before year 2004. However, for porB gene, type 4 was more frequently in VR Ⅰ, type7 in VR Ⅳ, type 11 in VR Ⅴ,and type 10 in VR Ⅵ, respectively. The multi-types character was presented in VR Ⅴ and VR Ⅵ after2004. VR Ⅶ and VR Ⅷ can not be found among all the isolates except for one W135 isolate in 2007. Among the seven housekeeping genes, the polymorphism of abcZ was the lowest one with 4 allele numbers, while pgm was the highest one with 13 allele numbers. The predominant clonal complex was ST-5 before 2004. The ST-4821 clone complex appeared in 2004 and caused cases every year since then. More important, highly invasive ST-11 clonal complex firstly appeared in Guangdong in 2007. Conclusion The molecular characteristic of OMP genes presents polymorphism for the Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients in Guangdong province during 1967 to 2007. ST-5 is the predominant clonal complex before 2004 and the highly invasive clonal complex is circulating in recent 3 years. It suggests that the surveillance based on laboratory should be further enhanced.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of Dengue fever in Guangdong province in 1990-2000, and to develop the strategy for its prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sequential of the partial nucleotide fragments in E/NS1 gene junction was analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 9,747 cases were reported with three deaths in Guangdong province, 1990-2000. The average incidence was 1.27 per 10,000 (range: 0-9.75 per 10,000). Outbreaks were commonly seen, with 13 cities (61.9%) involved, but most of the cases occurred in Guangzhou, Chaozhou, Zhaoqing and Foshan cities. Numbers of cases reported monthly were gathered with sporadic imported cases reported from January to June while the period of epidemics was from July to December. Sex ratio of patients was 1.04, but all age group was susceptible. Four sero-types of Dengue virus were found during these epidemics. The partial nucleotide fragments in E/NS1 gene junction of 12 isolated viruses were sequenced and 2 sub-gene types were identified in Guangdong province. The clinical symptoms seemed typical. Social and natural factors were responsible for the epidemic of Dengue fever in the regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The epidemic of Dengue fever in Guangdong was closely related to the situations of neighboring countries, indicating the possibility of importation of virus from these countries. The epidemics usually started with imported cases. However, the endemic nature of the disease had not been identified yet.</p>