Comparison between herbs used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD)

Background:An abnormality that causes reflux is termed as Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is symptomatic by nature and adds to the long-term effects.Objective:The aim of this study is to observe and monitor the effects of a herbal ttratment of GERD with SiniZuojin Decoction (SNZID)and to assess its mediation impacts regarding the use of the medication in patients with Gastrointestinal EBB ailment.Materials and Methods:The cohort research methodology was used inthe study.The research included 2581 individual patients who were older than 18 years of age and were suffering from Gastrointestinal ebbailment. The patients were selected from various government herbal clinics in eastern China, including the states of Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, and Zhejiangover, from 2008 to 2018. Results:The study was conducted with a total of 2581 patients. The thorough assessment indicated that Sini Zuojin Decoction (SZD)notwithstanding standard stomach remedies pack was more effective than the traditionalist stomach suppositories bundle (RR=1.34, with CI=95% [1.47, 1.38], and P-value = 0.008); Test packs including SZD was essentially better contrasted with traditional stomach medicines(TSM)gearshifts in developing dyspepsia, substernal chest plague, decreasing regurgitation, and vomiting (P < 0.0002); SNZJD plus traditional stomach medicines(SPTSM)could by and large lessen full-scale sign scores with liberal ampleness (P < 0.00002). The replication degree and antagonistic effects regarding Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction(SJD)treatment were basic. As confirmed through the TSA regarding thorough assessment, the results were significant, yet repeat security consequences were uncertain. As shown by the computation of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE)strategy, the idea regarding verification was minimal. Moreover, Schizoaffective disorder(SZD)may treat Gastrointestinal ebb ailment by presenting the onsetof the infection and controlling factors that may contribute to Gastrointestinal ebb ailments.Conclusion:The research evaluated the efficiency of Sini Zuojin Decoction in treating patients suffering from Gastrointestinal Ebb Ailments. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev.2022: 36(2) (00-00)]Keywords:GERD, Esophagitis, Sini Zuojin Decoction(SZD), Gastrointestinal ebb ailment;

Clinical characteristics and pathogenic distribution of late-onset sepsis among premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks in Henan Province / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To analyse the pathogenic bacteria distribution and clinical characteristics of late-onset sepsis (LOS) among premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks in Henan Province.Methods:The clinical data of 6 590 premature infants admitted to 17 medical institutions in Henan Province from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The gestational age of infants was less than 34 weeks and was admitted to the neonatal ward within 7 days after birth. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:Among 6 590 premature infants LOS developed in 751 cases (11.40%), of whom the diagnosis was confirmed in 276 cases (36.75%) and 475 cases (63.25%) were diagnosed clinically. The fatality rate related to LOS was 13.58%. There were significant differences in the incidence of LOS and infection-related mortality among infants with different gestational ages and body weights ( χ2=388.894 and 13.572, χ2=472.282 and 9.257, P<0.05 or <0.01). Among 276 children with confirmed LOS, 286 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were most prevalent (178 strains), accounting for 62.24% of all infections, followed by fungi (58 strains, 20.28%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was most frequently detected Gram-negative bacteria (117 strains, 40.91%), among which 32.48% (38/117) was carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The proportion of diagnosed sepsis, the proportion of catheterization, and the infection-related mortality of infants with LOS in tertiary hospitals were all higher than those in secondary hospitals ( χ2=6.212, 5.313 and 4.435, all P<0.05). The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals ( χ2=19.216, P<0.05). The time of antibacterial drug use before infection in specialized hospitals was longer than that in general hospitals ( χ2=3.276, P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of LOS among preterm infants in Henan Province is high, which was mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The clinical characteristics of LOS caused by different pathogens and in different health institutions are different, the prevention and control strategy should be developed accordingly to reduce the incidence LOS of preterm premature infants.

Clinical Observation of Recombinant Human Interferon Gel Combined with Baofukang Suppository in the Treat- ment of Cervical High-risk HPV Infection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To inv estigate therapeutic efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon gel combined with Baofukang suppository in the treatment of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus （HPV）infection. METHODS ：Totally 259 patients with persistent high-risk HPV infection diagnosed and treated in gynecology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from Aug. 2017 to Sept. 2019 were selected and divided into interferon group （n＝82），Baofukang suppository group （n＝86）and combination group （n＝91）according to random number table. The patients in interferon group and Baofukang suppository group were given Recombinant human interferon α2b gel 1 g, qd or Baofukang suppository 1 capsule，qd； the patients in combination group were given Recombinant human interferon α2b gel and Baofukang suppository 1 capsule，qd；for 3 months. Then the clinical efficacy ，negative time of HPV ，duration of abnormal secretion ，LCT test results ，cervical inflammation score ，HPV relative light unit/critical value （RLU/CO）and the incidence of ADR were recorded. RESULTS ：The total effective rate of combination group was significantly higher than that of interferon group and Baofukang suppository group ， the negative time of HPV and duration of abnormal secretion in combination group were significantly shorter than interferon group and Baofukang suppository group （P＜0.05）. Before treatment ，the normal rate of LCT of 3 groups were 0，and there was no statistical significance in cervical inflammation score and HPV RLU/CO among 3 groups（P＞0.05）. After treatment ，normal rate of LCT was increased in 3 groups，compared with before treatment （P＜0.05），and normal rate of LCT in combination group was significantly higher than interferon group and Baofukang suppository group. The cervical inflammation score and HPV RLU/CO were significantly lower than before treatment ，and the combination group was significantly lower than interferon group and Baofukang suppository group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in above indicatora after treatment betwent interferon group and Baofukang suppository group and the incidence of ADR among 3 groups during medication （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：The application of recombinant human interferon gel combined with Baofukang suppository is effective and safe way in the treatment of cervical high-risk HPV infection.

Impact of Herpud1 in the homocysteine-induced phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the impact of homocysteine inducible endoplasmic reticulum(ER) protein with ubiquitin like domain 1 protein (Herpud1) in the homocysteine (Hcy) -induced phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).@*Methods@#VSMCs were derived from thoracic aortic artery of male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured VSMCs (4-7 passage) were treated with various concentrations of Hcy (0, 100, 500 and 1 000 μmol/L) and applied to immunofluorescence to observe the morphological changes of VSMCs via SM-actin staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of VSMCs phenotypic markers, including Osteopontin, Calponin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related proteins, including C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE-1) and glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) in the absence and presence of non-selective inhibitor of ERS, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, 2 mg/ml). The Herpud1 mRNA and protein levels were determined in Hcy-stimulated VSMCs treated with 4-PBA or transfected with specific siRNA targeting Herpud1.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, SM-actin staining results showed that the shape of VSMCs treated with different concentrations of Hcy for 24 hours changed from long fusiform into round form, arrangement of myofilament became irregular and the most significant alteration was found in the 500 μmol/L Hcy group. After intervention of 24 hours, various concentration of Hcy increased protein expression of Osteopontin, and reduced Calponin and SM-MHC protein expressions in VSMCs (all P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that Hcy increased the expression of CHOP, IRE-1 and GRP78 in a dose-dependent manner, which could be reversed by 4-PBA treatment (all P<0.05). However, 4-PBA inhibited Hcy induced upregulation of Osteopontin and downregulation of Calponin and SM-MHC, suggesting that ERS was involved in Hcy-induced phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Herpud1 protein was mostly expressed in the cytoplasm and was also expressed in the nucli, both in the control, Hcy and Hcy+4-PBA groups. Moreover, Hcy increased mRNA and protein levels of Herpud1 (P<0.05), whereas treatment with 4-PBA could significantly reduce Hcy-induced upregulation of Herpud1 (P<0.05). Furthermore, knockdown of Herpud1 abrogated the effects of Hcy on VSMCs phenotype markers.@*Conclusion@#Herpud1 plays an important role in Hcy-induced phenotypic switching of VSMCs.

Clinical analysis of four cases of KCNQ2 gene-related neonatal-infantile epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of KCNQ2 gene mutation-related neonatal-infantile epilepsy.Methods A retrospective analysis of four cases of neonatal-infantile epilepsy with mutation identified by KCNQ2 gene detection was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March to October 2018.The clinical data were collected.Results All the four cases were full-term infants.The onset time was six days,two days,two days and seven months and 12 days after birth,respectively.The types of seizures and electroencephalogram manifestations of these cases were diverse,and the KCNQ2 gene mutation sites were c.2315delC/p.Pro772Args,c.16789C＞T/p.Arg560Trp,c.1696G＞T/p.Asp566Tyr,c.241C＞T/p.Leu81Phe,respectively.The clinical diagnosis was benign familial neonatal epilepsy,infantile epilepsy with migratory focal seizures,infantile spasm and benign familial infantile epilepsy,which were alleviated after antiepileptic drug treatment.The motor and intellectual development of two cases was normal,and two cases showed obvious developmental delay.Conclusions The onset time,mutation site and clinical phenotype of KCNQ2 gene mutation-related epilepsy are various.Gene detection can assist in diagnosis and provide reference for treatment.

Research progress on the protective effects of polyphenols against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity / 中国医师杂志

Doxorubicin is a major culprit in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity,which is the chief limiting factor in delivering optimal chemotherapy to cancer patients.Although extensive efforts have been devoted,no chemical synthesized drugs or natural compounds are available to prevent the harmful action of doxorubicin without reducing its anti-cancer efficacy.Accumulative experimental evidence has shown that polyphenols can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity largely due to their anti-cancer and cardio protective properties.We elaborated on the potential mechanisms associated with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and reviewed published literatures about the protective effects of polyphenols on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity to provide novel strategies for the study of cardioprotective drugs.

Study on skeletal muscle mass of 1 836 check-up adults and its association with age in Qiqihar / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and age among check-up adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study objects were those who aged 18-87 years old and came to a city hospital of Qiqihar for health examination from December, 2013 to September, 2014, excepted those with coronary heart disease, infectious disease, endocrine system disease, hypertension, anemia, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease and those carrying with heart pacemaker. A total of 1 836 respondents were finally enrolled into analysis. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle (ASM) was measured by a Body Composition Analyzer, and relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI) was calculated. The relationship among ASM, RSMI and age was assessed by linear regression analysis. The difference of height, weight, BMI, waist-hip-ratio (WHR), total muscle mass and percentage of body fat between genders were tested by t-test. The difference of ASM and total skeletal muscle mass between genders and among age groups was tested by multi-factor variance analysis. The difference of the muscle decline between genders was compared by Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total muscle mass in males was (52.22 ± 6.65) kg, which was significantly higher than that in females ((38.05 ± 4.39) kg) (t=28.20, P<0.001). ASM in 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-87 years was (24.64 ± 3.23), (24.00 ± 3.12), (24.35 ± 3.03), (23.33 ± 2.97), (22.54 ± 2.91) and (21.40 ± 3.36) kg (F=16.12, P<0.001) in males, respectively, and (16.48 ± 3.14), (16.72 ± 1.93), (16.75 ± 1.93), (16.84 ± 2.28), (16.52 ± 2.35) and(14.70 ± 2.37)kg (F=4.38, P=0.001) in females, respectively. ASM in males ((23.72 ± 3.16) kg) was higher than that in females ((16.65 ± 2.25) kg) (t=55.97, P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between age and ASM in males after 50 years old, the regression equation was y=28.31-0.09x (P<0.001). While a negative correlation between age and ASM in females occurred after 60 years old, the regression equation was y=27.69-0.18x (P<0.001). The prevalence of low ASM was 16.85% (124/736) in females, which was significantly higher than that in males (8.73%, 96/1 100) (χ(2)=27.57, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A negative correlation was found between age and ASM in males after 50 years old and in females after 60 years old. The prevalence of low RSMI in females was significantly higher than that in males.</p>

Effects of Chinese yellow wine on homocysteine-induced dysfunction in rat endothelial progenitor cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate whether Chinese yellow wine has influences on homocysteine ( Hcy )-induced dysfunction in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).METHODS:Rat bone marrow was extracted to harvest mononucle-ar cells ( MNCs) by density gradient centrifugation .The MNCs were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes , and were induced into EPCs by EGM-2 complete medium supplemented with cell growth factor .The adherent cells were collected 7 d later for all studies .EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiI-ac-LDL uptaking and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope .The viability, migration, apoptosis and in vitro vasculogenic activity of the EPCs were determined by MTT assay , Transwell chamber assay , apoptosis kit and in vitro vas-culogenesis kit, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the viability, migration and in vitro vasculogenic capacity of the EPCs in Hcy group were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Compared with Hcy group, yellow wine group and red wine group both significantly improved the viability , migration and in vitro vasculogenic capacity of Hcy-induced EPCs (P<0.01).Compared with control group, yellow wine group and red wine group both significantly improved the a-bove-mentioned functions of EPCs (P<0.05).However, no significant difference of apoptosis in all groups was observed . CONCLUSION:Hcy may result in dysfuction of EPCs .Treatment with yellow wine improves Hcy-induced EPC functions .

Rosuvastatin inhibits homocysteine-induced smooth muscle cell phenotype transformation and its signal pathway / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

ABSTRACT:Objective To verify whether rosuvastatin can inhibit homocysteine (Hcy)‐induced rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC ) phenotype transformation and its potential mechanism .Methods The primary culture and identification of rat VSMCs were conducted , using VSMCs in passage4‐7 for the following experiments .The VSMCs were divided into 4 groups:control group ,Hcy (100μmol/L) group ,Hcy+ rosuvastatin group ,and Hcy+ rapamycin group .MTT was used to investigate the proliferation of VSMCs .Transwell chambers and wound healing were employed to test the migration ability of VSMCs . ICC was used to detect the VSMCs'morphology .Western blotting was used to investigate the expressions of SM‐actin ,SM‐MHC ,calponin ,OPN ,and p‐P70S6K1 in VSMCs of each group .Results Compared with those in control group , the proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs were significantly increased in Hcy modulation group (P< 0 .01) .The expressions of SM‐MCH and calponin increased but those of OPN and p‐P70S6K1 decreased in Hcy group compared with control group (P<0 .01) .The expression of SM‐actin did not significantly differ between the groups .Compared with those in Hcy modulation group , the proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs were significantly decreased in rosuvastatin and rapamycin groups ( P<0 .01) .The expressions of SM‐MCH and calponin increased while OPN and p‐P70S6K1 expressions decreased in rosuvastatin and rapamycin groups compared with Hcy group ( P< 0 .01 ) . Conclusion Hcy can induce the dedifferentiation of VSMCs ,and rosuvastatin can inhibit this effect of Hcy .Its potential mechanism may be realized via the mTOR/P70S6K1 signal pathway .

Clinical analysis of 3 patients who were diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis concurrent with multiple myeloma / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis and clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) concurrent with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods The clinical characteristics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases who were diagnosed as AS concurrent with MM were analyzed and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results MM was confirmed in patients who had long-term stable AS.A wide variety of manifestations,including persistent pain in spine and thorax,pathologic fracture,anemia,kidney damage and nervous system abnormalities were frequently presented.These patients were insensitive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment,and they had a unfavorable prognosis.Conclusion Patients who are diagnosed as AS concurrent with MM can present with a variety of clinical features.Manifestations which are difficult to explain clinically by AS and poor response to treatment especially when the patients have longterm stable AS are potential clues for MM.

The expression of TLR2 and high mobility group protein 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the pathogenesis and disease progression by detecting the expression of Serum High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and TLR2 in monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Forty patients with SLE were selected randomly,20 patients were in active disease group and others were in stable disease group.The expression of HMGB1 in the serum of these cases were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TLR2 on CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by FCM.The correlation between these indexes and clinical,laboratory indexes about SLE were analyzed using one-way ANOVA,and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum was [(48.9±11.3) μg/L] in the active group,while that was [(14.8±1.9) μg/L] in the stable group was,and [(13.5±3.6) μg/L] in the control group.HMGB1 in the active SLE group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) when compared with that of the stable and control group.The expression of TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was [(96.7±1.3)％] in the active group,[(83.5±9.1)％] in the stable group,and [(83.3±9.9)％] in the control group TLR2 in the active SLE group was up-regulated when compared with the stable and control groups (P＞0.05).There were positive correlation between the serum levels of HMGB1and TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (r=0.551,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum and the expression of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may participate in the pathological processes of SLE.

Functional MRI study of auditory cortical responses in normal subjects and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss subjects / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Amplitude modulation of auditory cortical responses was evaluated with functional MRI (fMRI) in subjects of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) and those of normal hearing (NH).@*METHOD@#Twenty-one subjects with USNHL and 11 with normal hearing were examined with fMRI in response to amplitude modulation tones of 500 Hz with the modulation frequency at 8 Hz. An event related design was combined with a sparse clustered volume acquisitioning paradigm in data collection in order to reduce the influence of acoustic scanner noise. SPM2 software was used for offline data analyzing.@*RESULT@#Significant activation, including volume and intensity, were found in the temporal lobe of control subjects, and significant differences in the volume and intensity were noted between the contralateral and ipsilateral activated auditory cortexes in them, exhibiting clearly contralateral predominance. When the normal ear with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss received signals, while significant activations in bilateral auditory cortexes, greater activation in the contralateral auditory cortexes was found in the normal ear.@*CONCLUSION@#The difference in the lateralization between the two groups suggests the plasticity of auditory cortex with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Study in comprehensive intervention and management of pressure source in type 2 diabetes memtus patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the pressure source and effect of comprehensive intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods 200 diabetes patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 100 cases in each group. Comprehensive intervention was introduced into the observation group and the control group underwent routine treatment. The pressure source was investigated after intervention by questionnaires and the results were compared. Results Fearing of serious complications bocame the most common cause of pressure. The scores of Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)were lower and the biochemical index was also better in the observation group than those in the control group as well as those before intervention in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The depression, anxiety status and biochemical index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were effectively controled by corresponding and comprehensive intervention measures according to the sequence order of pressure source.

Manufacture and application of SL-2000 bone fatigue damage testing device / 生物医学工程学杂志

Having manufactured the bone fatigue damage testing device SL-2000, we applied it to research on bone fatigue damage and on the bone microdamage which can indicate bone biomechanical property. According to the general principle of industry fatigue machine and bone fatigue test, the strength, frequency and times of loading, temperature and degree of wetness were controlled in the SL-2000 Device for making the experiment condition stable. After the fatigue damage to SD rats' vertebrae, the models of bone microdamage in SD rat were established. 0-200 N of strength, 0-10 Hz frequency, and 0-999999 times of loading, ambient temperature 50 degrees C experiment, and approximately 99% of the ambient degree of wetness could be adjusted continuously. Three kinds of microdamage such as microcrack, cross-hatch staining, and diffuse staining were observed in the SD rats' vertebrae fatigue damaged by the device. The microcrack density was 19.76+/-15.05 #/mm2, the microcrack length was 36. 74+/-11. 51 microm, and the area ratio of diffuse staining was 0.4117%. Therefore the device is suitable for bone fatigue damage test and for establishment of the model of bone microdamage.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the head and neck / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is a rare lesion of unknown etiology which was first described in the lung. The clinical and pathologic characteristics,treatment, prognosis of IMT in head and neck were discussed. METHODS The clinical data of 4 cases of IMT were analyzed retrospectively. The specimens of the 4 cases were prepared for immunohistochemical staining and light microscopy. RESULTS The patients included 3 males and 1 female. Their age ranged from 32 to 58 years. The tumors located at the true vocal cord in 2 cases, at the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus in 1 case, at the maxillary sinus in 1 case. Histological examination was found that the tumors consisted of spindle cells,chronic inflammatory cells and myxoid background with delicate vasculature. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the SMActin and Vimentin were expressed positively in the tumor. The patients were followed up for 9 to 21 months after operation. Three patients were alive with no evidence of diseases, one patients recurred at 4 months after operation and were alive with IMT. CONCLUSION IMT is a true neoplasm with a potential of local recurrence. The main treatment of IMT is to resect the lesions thoroughly.