Cluster characteristics of physical activities among children inside and outside kindergartens and its relationship with athletic abilities / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Based on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) variables on weekdays and weekends, the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators, so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health.@*Methods@#From March to June 2019, 291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten. A twostep clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis. Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Preschool Section)". Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared, and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed.@*Results@#The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators, including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays, and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends, children could be divided into three categories:active inside (high PA, low SB inside), active outside (high PA outside), and inactive (low PA, high SB both inside and outside). The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3, indicating good clustering results. Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays, PA outside on weekdays and weekends, daily low intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the inactive children ( F=157.91, 80.79 , 95.86, 95.52, 124.74, P <0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, the physical fitness scores of both active outside ( 19.03 ±0.47) and active inside (19.11±0.40) were significantly higher than those of the inactive children (17.94±0.31). Additionally, active inside children (3.91±0.14) also showed significantly better performance in continuous double-leg jumps, compared to inactive children (3.45±0.11) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Children active inside and those active outside perform well in PA. Future research should focus on the proportion of structured and unstructured PA time to enhance the overall physical fitness of children.

Biological fate and interaction with cytochromes P450 of the nanocarrier material, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate

d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS, also known as vitamin E-TPGS) is a biodegradable amphiphilic polymer prepared by esterification of vitamin E with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has found wide application in nanocarrier drug delivery systems (NDDS). Fully characterizing the in vivo fate and pharmacokinetic behavior of TPGS is important to promote the further development of TPGS-based NDDS. However, to date, a bioassay for the simultaneous quantitation of TPGS and its metabolite, PEG1000, has not been reported. In the present study, we developed such an innovative bioassay and used it to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of TPGS and PEG1000 in rat after oral and intravenous dosing. In addition, we evaluated the interaction of TPGS with cytochromes P450 (CYP450s) in human liver microsomes. The results show that TPGS is poorly absorbed after oral administration with very low bioavailability and that, after intravenous administration, TPGS and PEG1000 are mainly distributed to the spleen, liver, lung and kidney before both being slowly eliminated in urine and feces as PEG1000. In vitro studies show the inhibition of human CYP450 enzymes by TPGS is limited to a weak inhibition of CYP3A4. Overall, our results provide a clear picture of the in vivo fate of TPGS which will be useful in evaluating the safety of TPGS-based NDDS in clinical use and in promoting their further development.

A cohort study of abnormal routine blood test results in landfill workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the abnormalities of the blood system in landfill workers.@*Methods@#A cohort study was conducted for 224 landfill workers who were followed up for 6 consecutive years with abnormal routine blood test results and a low platelet count as the outcome events. The life-table method was used to analyze the incidence rates of these two outcome events, and the incidence rates were compared between first-and second-line workers.@*Results@#A total of 71 workers had abnormal routine blood test results, among whom 29 had abnormal leukocyte count, 14 had abnormal erythrocyte count, 40 had abnormal platelet count, 17 had abnormal hemoglobin, and 29 had a reduction in platelet count. For these landfill workers, the 6-year abnormal rate of routine blood test results was 43.2%, and the incidence rate of low platelet count within 6 years was 13.5%. The first-line workers had a significantly lower abnormal rate of routine blood test results than the second-line workers (P=0.020) , and the relative risk of abnormal routine blood test results in the first-and second-line workers was 0.592. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of low platelet count between the two groups of workers (P≥0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The landfill has an adverse effect on the blood system of landfill workers, and the second-line workers have greater impairment than the first-line workers.

Influence of hemoperfusion frequency on therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with severe acute organophosphorus poisoning / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To discuss the correlations between hemoperfusion(HP) times and therapeutic effects/prognosis in patients with severe acute organophosphorus poisoning(AOPP). Methods According to the frequency of HP,82 patients with severe AOPP were divided into three groups:non HP(25 cases),HP1(27 cases) and HP2(30 cases)groups. The non HP group received only routine treatment,on the basis of routine treatment,the HP1 group accepted once HP within 12 hours after poisoning and the HP2 group underwent twice or more times of HP,the interval between each time being 24 hours. The comparisions of clinical indexes,incidences of complications and rates of mortality among the three groups were performed. Results With the increase of HP times,the dosages of atropine and pralidoxime chloride were significantly reduced,the times of serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity recovery,consciousness recovery,hospitalization and mechanical ventilation were significantly shortened,the score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score in 48 hours after admission,incidence of complications and mortality were evidently decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with those in HP1 group,the dosages of atropine(mg:164.57±68.82 vs. 256.81±97.06)and pralidoxime chloride(mg:6.95±1.40 vs. 8.76±1.64) in HP2 group were significantly reduced,the times of ChE activity recovery(day:9.03±2.46 vs. 10.96±3.44), consciousness recovery(hour:23.83±6.29 vs. 39.93±8.24),hospitalization(hour:9.57±2.39 vs. 11.52±3.02) and mechanical ventilation(hour:40.50±16.55 vs. 65.74±18.88)in HP2 group were significantly shortened;APACHEⅡscore during 48 hours after admission(11.97±3.47 vs. 14.26±2.88)was obviously decreased,and the incidences of complications,such as intermediate syndrome(10.0% vs. 18.5%),rebound phenomenon(3.3% vs. 25.9%),arrhythmia(13.3%vs. 44.4%),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS,6.7%vs. 29.6%)and mortality rate(6.7% vs. 18.5%)in HP2 group were markedly decreased(all P<0.05). Conclusion It is recommendable that combined with routine treatment,early and multiple HP application would enhance the therapeutic effect and decrease the mortality in patients with severe AOPP.

Resection and reconstruction of carina in the treatment of advanced lung cancer involving carina / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To summarize the operative indication, surgical technique and perioperative ma-nagement of resection and reconstruction of carina for advanced lung cancer involving the carina.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were 67 patients with lung cancer invaded the carina, right central lung cancer in 46 cases, peripheral lung cancer in 4 cases, involved superior vena cava (SVC) or with bilateral anonymous veins in 11 cases, left central lung cancer in 17 cases, respectively. Surgical procedure included carinal right pneumonectomy or lobectomy in 50 cases, concomitant replacement of SVC or with bilateral anonymous veins with vascular prosthesis in 11 cases, carinal left pneumonectomy in 17 cases. Follow-up was performed in long-term.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Perioperative death occured in 8 cases (11.94%), circulatory failure in 6 cases (8.96%), and respiratory failure in 2 cases (2.99%). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-survival rate was 77.21%, 48.23% and 32.54% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Complete resection and reconstruction of carina, SVC or bilateral anonymous veins combined with postoperatively multiple modality therapy can get good prognosis for the patients with advanced lung cancer.</p>

Studies on the Activation of Germination of the Seeds of Chinese Thorowax (Bupleurum chinense)and Sandochaihu(B. falcatum)by Exogenous Hormones / 中草药

Germination of the seeds of Bupleurum chinense and B. falcatum activated by exogenous hormones of dif ferent concentrations was studied. The hormones used were GA3, 6-BA and IAA. The optimum concentration of the 3 hormones that activated the seed germination of B. chinense was 50?g/ml,while that for B. falcatum was 200?g/ml, 100?g/ml and 25?g/ml respectively. Among the 3 hormones, 6-BA showed the greatest effect on the 2 species of Bupleurum L. 50?g/ml 6-BA raised the germination rate of the seeds of B. chinese from 57.5 % to 84. 5 % and 100?g/ml 6-BA raised the germination rate of the seeds of B.falcatum from 28. 5 % to 76.0%