RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the secular trend and characteristics of infant mortality rate due to premature birth or low birth weight (IMRPL) in China from 1996 to 2013.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data used in this study was collected from the population-based Child's Health Surveillance Network of China. The Cochran-Armitage Trend test and Poisson regression were used to test the trend of IMRPL and explore the differences of the trend among different regions or areas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nationwide IMRPL was 629.9 per 100 000 live births in 1996 and it decreased to 214.6 per 100 000 live births in 2013. The average annual decline rate was 6.14%, while the proportion of infant mortality due to premature birth or low birth weight in all infant deaths was on the rise with the average annual growth rate of 1.52%. And the proportion increased to 22.6% in 2013. IMRPLin rural and urban areas fell 28.1% and 66.6% respectively during 1996 and 2013. But the differences between urban and rural areas was obvious. During the same period, the average IMRPLin the central region was 1.40 times (95%CI:1.31-1.49) of that in the eastern region. And the average IMRPL in the western region was 2.25 times (95%CI:2.12-2.40) of that in the eastern region. The differences among different regions was obvious. Male infant mortality rate due to premature birth or low birth weight was 1.09 times (95%CI:1.05-1.14) of that in female infant from 1996 to 2013.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk of IMRPL decreased substantially in China from 1996 to 2013. And the risk of IMRPL decreased more in rural areas than that in urban areas. The differences among different regions and areas were obvious. Premature birth or low birth weight as one of main factors has become a serious threat for health of Chinese children.</p>
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , China , Morte do Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Vigilância da População , Nascimento Prematuro , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , População Rural , População UrbanaRESUMO
Objective To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of autologous tissue antigens loaded dendritic cells (DC)in the treatment of elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods Fresh tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens in twenty patients with gastric cancer. Single cell suspensions were obtained and induced to apoptosis by heat shock. The apoptotic tumor cells were frozen before use.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).DCs were loaded with apoptotic tumor cells. The immunological and clinical responses were examined after the final vaccination. ResultsVaccination of dendritic cells was well tolerated and no toxicity was observed. The cytokine levels in serum such as IL-2(46 pg/mg vs 89 pg/mg), IL-12(44 pg/mg vs. 86 pg/mg) and IFN-γ(38 pg/mg vs.82 pg/mg) were increased after vaccinations as compared with pretherapy. DTH test were positive in five patients (5/10). The antigen special cells for CD8+/ IFN-γ+ were increased in five patients(5/10). The size of retroperitoneal lymph node of one patient was reduced. The tumor marker CEA level were decreased in five patients, stable in eight patient and increased in two patients.Conclusions Autologous DC vaccines loaded with autologous tumor antigens could improve function of non specific immunity and elicit specific T cells immunologic response and is one of safe and effective treatments for gastric cancer.
RESUMO
Objective: To detect the gene expression of Ku70, Ku80, ERCC4, lig4 and DNA-PKcs in non-homologous end joining pathway in human pdmary glioma tissues and normal brain tissues and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The expression levels of Ku70, Ku80, ERCC4, lig4 and DNA-PKcsin in 36 glioma samples and 12 normal brain tissue samples were measured by SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR. Methylation of DNA-PKcs was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results: There was no significant difference in Ku70, Ku80, ERCC4 and lig4 expression between human primary glioma and normal brain tissues (P<0.05), while DNA-PKcs was significantly up-regulated (P= 0.002). The expression of DNA-PKcs was significantly higher in grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ glioma than that in grade Ⅱ glioma and normal brain tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, glioma tissues showed weaker methylation than normal brain tissues. Conclusion: The up-regulation of DNA-PKcs may be associated with pathogenesis of glioma. Demethylation of DNA-PKcs promoter is an important reason for its up-regulated expression in glioma.
RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer. Meth-ods: A total of 138 patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were ana-lyzed. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univari-ate (Log rank) and multivariate (Cox model) analysis methods. Results: Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status (P=0.001), weight loss (P=0.001), depth of invasion (P=0.000), presence of peritoneal metastasis (P=0.005), more than 1 metastatic site (P=0.029) and elevated total biliru-bin (P=0.018) were independent prognostic factors. According to the outcomes of the Cox model analysis, a formula of the prognostic index was developed. According to the values of PI, 16 patients were categorized as the high-risk group (PI≤9.817), 28 patients were categorized as the moderate-risk group (9.817<PI<12.256) and 8 patients were categorized as the poor-risk group (PI≥ 12.256), respectively. The overall survival ratios of the 3 groups were compared. Conclusion: Poor performance status, depth of invasion, elevated total biliru-bin, more than 1 metastatic site, presence of peritoneal metastasis and weight loss were independent prog-nostic factors. A formula of the prognostic index was developed and it could help clinicians in decision-making and treatment tailoring based on the prognosis evaluation.
RESUMO
Objective: Methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris system was used to express recombinant human soluble 4 1BBL protein with biological activity. Methods: According to the nuclear acid sequence coding human soluble 4 1BBL, we cloned the genes with PCR from XG 4 1BBL transfection cell line,then the gene fragment for extracellar domain was subcloned into the PUCm T vector and sequence of s4 1BBL cDNA was confirmed by sequencing. The s4 1BBL gene was inserted into the pPICZ?A , which was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by linearized electroportion.The recombinant protein was identified by the assay of SDS PAGE and Western blot. Costimulating activity of rhs4 1BBL on T cell proliferation in vitro was evidenced by 3 H TdR incorporation assay. Results: The s4 1BBL cDNA was successfully obtained and insected into pPICZ?A. The protein molecular weight of hs4 1BBL in the yeast supernamant was about 21 kD by SDS PAGE analyses,and the specificitity was identified by western blot. Finally, rhs4 1BBL protein could costimulate the proliferation of T cells in vitro. Conclusion: The rhs4 1BBL protein was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115)and showed natural biological activities. And it may provide a valuable materials for further study of 4 1BB/4 1BBL.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore the role and mechanism of 4-1BBL and B7-1 molecules in the activation and proliferation of human peripheral blood T lymphocyte. Methods:T lymphocyte was purified by magnetic beads negative selecting. The proliferation of T cells in primary allogenic MLR was evaluated by using 3H-TdR incorporation; The immunophenotype of T cells was analyzed by FACS and the quantitative measurement of IL-2 in culture supernatant were performed by ELISA.Results:After negative selection, the purity of CD3+ T cells was over 90%; 4-1BBL and B7-1 molecules stably expressed on XG cells after 4-1BBL and B7-1 cDNA transfection; 4-1BBL or B7-1 gene transfected XG cells could more effectively mediate the activation, proliferation and IL-2 secretion of T cells than XG cells did, and the results also showed that the costimulatory molecules had a co-activating effect on T cells.Conclusion:Human multiple myeloma cells failed to induced antitumor immunoresponse because of the lack or weak expression of costimulatory molecules. The costimulatory molecules of 4-1BBL and B7-1 has a synthetic effect on endowing myeloma cells with enhancing the activation、proliferation and IL-2 secretion of T cells in vitro. [