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ObjectiveTo study a therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia. MethodsPatients who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled， and all patients received amisulpride treatment. Data including age， gender， duration of treatment， single daily dose， clinical diagnosis， amisulpride concentration， the scores of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms （SAPS）， Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms （SANS） and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， the adverse reaction rate and multitherapy were collected. The concentration of amisulpride was compared within different efficacy groups and different dosage groups， meantime， the incidence rate of adverse reactions was compared within different amisulpride concentration groups， and between monotherapy and multitherapy groups. Thereafter， the therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia were explored via estimating the negative and positive predictive values. ResultsThe amisulpride concentration yielded no statistical difference within different dosage groups and different efficacy groups （F=0.745， 1.343， P>0.05）. The single daily dose among patients in different efficacy groups demonstrated no significant difference （F=0.902， P>0.05）. The correlation between amisulpride treatment efficacy and its concentration denoted no statistical significance （r=0.023， P=0.744）. The clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate showed no significant difference between monotherapy group and multitherapy group （F=2.198， 0.095， P>0.05）. The concentration of amisulpride was not linearly correlated with the adverse reaction rates ［y=100x/（78.13+x）， r=0.960］. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 100 to 600 ng/mL， the mean reduction rate was equal to or above 42%， the effective detection rate of the reference cut-off value was equal to or above 1.485， and the incidence of adverse reactions was equal to or below 85%. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 1400 to 1800 ng/mL， there was a decreasing trend in reduction rate （all<42%） and an increasing trend in adverse reaction rate （all>85%） as the concentration of amisulpride increased. ConclusionA reference range of 100~600 ng/mL and an alert level of 1400 ng/mL are recommended for the clinical safety of amisulpride.
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OBJECTIVE To discuss the correlation between effectual time and the curative effect in patients with all frequency descending sudden deafness. METHODS According to effectual time,the subjects were divided into first week effectual group and second week effectual group and the curative effect of each group was compared. RESULTS In patients with flat descent sudden deafness, the curative rate of the first week effectual group was higher than that of the second week effectual group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=1.599, P =0.206). Meanwhile, the total significant effective rate of the first week effectual group was higher than that of the second week effectual group, without obvious difference between the two groups(χ2=0.124, P =0.725). Furthermore, in patients with total deafness type of sudden deafness, the curative rate of the first week effectual group was higher than that of the second week effectual group, showing no remarkable difference between the two groups(χ2=2.493, P =0.114). Besides, there was no remarkable difference in the comparison of the total significant effective rate (χ2=2.308, P =0.129), which was higher in the first week effectual group than that in the second week effectual group. CONCLUSION The course of treatment should be at least 2 weeks in patients with all frequency descending sudden deafness after onset.
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V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) is a pro-oncogene, which is one member of the RAF family. Mutated BRAF is found in approximately 8% of human tumors. BRAF gene mutations lead to continuous activation of the mitogen-activatd protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which resulting in abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In recent years, recurrent MAPK signaling mutations were identified in ameloblastoma, among which BRAF-V600E is the most prominent type. This provides new strategies for the targeted treatment of ameloblastoma. This paper reviewed the latest advances in BRAF gene mutation associated with ameloblastoma and its potential clinical significance.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate reliability and psychiatric clinical value of quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS) application in depression symptoms detection.MethodsThe psychiatric symptoms of 97 cases respectively obtained from QRS test and psychiatrist check were performed comparative analysis.The detecting order and checking order was under an order of go to see doctor random.ResultsSensitivity and negative predictive value of QRS were 100％ same as psychiatrists'examination in eating disorders; also specificity and positive predictive were 100％ in depressed mood,will weaken and sleep disorders.Kappa values were all greater than 0.8 of QRS in slow thinking,depressed mood,will weaken and other symptoms.The AUC of ROC line were all greater than 0.9 of QRS in slow thinking,depressed mood,will weaken,et al.11 symptoms.ConclusionQRS could be used as secondary depression diagnostic tools,provide a new basis for clinical diagnosis.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and verify the new remedy called one central and three steps for T2DM.MethodsUsed multicenter,random,open and self-control study.Two hundred and three cases with T2DM treated with insulin glargine were divided into four groups according to different therapy:30 cases with one needle method,106 cases with one needle and one pill method,48 cases with one long-acting and several short-acting method,and 19 cases with one long-acting,one pill and several short-acting method.The changes of blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),weight and so on before and after treatment were observed.ResultsThe levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) and HbA1c decreased significantly after treatment than those before treatment[(5.78 ±0.76)mmol/L,(8.37 ±:1.37) mmol/L,(6.81 ±0.38)％ vs. (11.73 ±4.49) mmol/L,(16.73 ±4.96) mmol/L,(9.43 ± 2.31 )％,P ＜ 0.01 ].The weight and body mass index had no obvious changes before and after treatment( P ＞ 0.05 ).There was significant difference in the level of FPG,2hPPG and HbA1c before and after treatment in four groups respectively(P＜0.01 ).There was only 1 case who occurred hypoglycemia during the treatment.ConclusionThe therapy,one central and three steps,is not only effective and safe,but also convenient and cheap for T2DM.
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BACKGROUND: The upward attack of drug-heat is a special type of syndromes of coexistence of cold and heat, it influence the treatment and conversion of the primary disease.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathophysiological basis of upward attack of drug-heat.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled observation. SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of the People' s Central Hospital of Huizhou City.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 427 patients with cold syndrome, visiting on Department of TCM of the People's Central Hospital of Huizhou City from January 1996 to December 2001, were given warm-heat remedy. Among them 66 cases, 30 males and 36 females, got upward attack of drug-heat during the process of treatment were enrolled. All these subjects, according to their visiting order, at a ratio of 2:1, were chosen as treatment group (44 cases) and control group (22 cases).METHODS: For the patients in treatment group: Rhubarb 6 g was added boiling water 100 mL and soaked for 8 minutes, then the soaking solution was given to the patients, once a day, for 3 days successively. For patients in control group: Table salt 6 g was added boiling water 100 mL for soaking for 8 minutes, after the salt was completely dissolved, the solution was given to the patients, once a day for 3 days successively. The patients of the two groups were at the same time given remedy to treat cold syndrome. The changes of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyronine (FT4), high sensitizing thyroid-stimulating hormone (HS-TSH) and cortisol of the patients were detected before and after administration of warm-heat remedy, before and after medication with rhubarb. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after ad ministration of warm-heat remedy. ② The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after ad ministration of rhubarb. ③ Comparison of the therapeutic effects in the two groups.RESULTS: All 66 patients involved entered the final result analysis. ①The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after administration of warm-heat remedy: FT3 and FT4 were decreased as compared with those before treatment [(2.51±1.20),(6.50±2.30); (10.01±3.21), (15.50±6.31) pmol/L], but HS-TSH and cortisol were increased as compared with those before treatment [(8.25 ±3.75),(4.11±1.75) mU/L; (0.56±0.17), (0.43±0.10) μmol/L]. ② The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after administration of rhubarb: FT3 and FT4 ywere increased as compared with those before treatment[(4.71 ±1.56), (2.45±1.25); (14.21 ±4.61),(10.21±3.52) pmol/L], but HS-TSH and cortisol were decreased as compared with those before treatment [(6.24±2.25), (8.35±3.51) mU/L; (0.48±0.10),(0.60±0.17) μmol/L]. ③ Comparison of the therapeutic effects in the two groups: The rate of excellenly effect in treatment group was obviously higher than that in control group (33%, 5%).CONCLUSION: The pathophysiological basis of upward attack of drug heat is stress state of the body, the secretions of the pituitary-thyroid axis play a role of physiological protection, the adrenocortical function is hyperactive, and rhubarb can control this stress state through inhibiting the metabolism of the body.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ginkgolide (GL) on the cerebral blood flow in dogs. METHODS: Dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 4 dogs in each group. Ginkgolide of 4.86, 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg and Xingling Granule of 0.22 g/kg were administered by gavage to the dogs in each of 4 groups. The dogs in the other group were administered with edible oil (1 ml/kg) as control group. The cerebral blood flow, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and electro-cardiogram of the dogs were measured at different times after the administration. RESULTS: Ginkgolide of 4.86, 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg had no obvious effects on the blood pressure and the heart rate. Ginkgolide of 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg increased the cerebral blood flow 90 minutes after administration, and ginkgolide of 43.7 mg/kg obviously decreased the cerebral vascular resistance 150 minutes after administration. CONCLUSION: Ginkgolide can increase the cerebral blood flow and decrease the cerebral vascular resistance, and it has no obvious effects on blood pressure and heart rate in dogs.
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AIM：To investigated the effects of Ganoderma polysaccthride(GLB7)on protein kinase A(PKA) and protein kinase C(PKC) activitives in murine T cells.METHODS：A new ion-pair reversed-phase high liquid chromatography method was used to determinate the activities of PKA and PKC in T cells.RESULTS：GLB7 could markedly increase the activities of PKA and PKC in murine T cells in a dose-dependent manner.The peak time was at 5 min and 20 min and the activities of PKA and PKC returned to basic level at 20 min and 1.5h respectively.GLB7 could induce translocation of PKC and antagonize the inhibition effect of staurosporine(10μ mol· L-1) on PKC in T cells.CONCLUSION：The immunopotentiating and antitumour effects of Ganoderma polysacchride may be associated with its activation on PKA and PKC in murine T cells.
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AIM To extend the approach of the act ion of ganoderma polysacchride on intracellular signal events in T cells. METHODS Laser scanning confocal microscope imaging of the calcium and p H fluorescent indicator dye Fluo-3/AM and SNARF-1/AM were used to determine th e kinetic changes of ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced b y a ganoderma polysacchride,designated GLB7. RESULTS It was fou nd that GLB7(20 mg*L-1) could increase ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i at 1 min were 334.7%±16.4%(n=3)、171.6%±10.4%(n=3) respectively. T he increase in ［Ca2+］i induced by GLB7 was due to the influx of extr acellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ release through both IP3-se nsitive and IP3-insensitive Ca2+ stores, and increase in ［pH］i indu ced by GLB7 was relative to Na+/H+ exchange systems and ［Ca2+］i. GLB 7 did not influence ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced by Con A(3 mg*L-1). CONCLUSION Stimulation of the increase in ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i may be an important channel for gano derma polysacchrides to achieve their pharmacological actions.
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AIM: To study the effects of the composite lactogenic decoction (CLD) on milk secretion of hypoprolactinemia induced by L dopa in rats. METHODS: The models of hypoprolactinemia were established with L dopa in rats. The weight of young rats was recorded during 15 days. Levels of serum prolactin were detected by ELISA and the mammary gland histology was observed by electron microscop. RESULTS: The administration of CLD (3, 6 and 20 g?kg -1 ) by the way of ig increased serum prolactin (PRL) level significantly (P
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The purified oil of Anguilla japonica (139. 6-1116. 8 mg/kg) was administrated ig for 20 days in mice. Positive cell number of macrophage with Fc receptor, phago-cytic percentage and index were increased significantly. T lymphocyte transformation and activity of NK cell were enhanced merkedly. The amount of antibody forming cells was risen dramatically.
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AIM: To study the therapeutical effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on myocardial infarction(MI) in dogs. METHODS : The models of myocardial infarction were produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in the anaesthetized dogs. The extent of myocardial ischemia was detected by epicardial-electrocardiogram and the extent of infarction was determhled by N-BT staining method. The parameter of lactate dehydrogenase was determined in the serums of dogs. RESULTS : It was indicated that the adminstration of Sal B(1、3 and 10mg/kg) by the way of intravenous injection reduced the extent of myocardial infarction (N-ST) ( P