Core in jingjin diagnosis and treatment: yizhi weishu / 中国针灸

Jingjin (muscle region of meridian) is a distal diagnosis and treatment system of the sinew/fascia disorders on the base of the concept of jin in TCM. Jin should be a particular palpable structure rather than a single anatomic structure with a specific distributing course. Yizhi weishu refers to a idea running through the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of sinew/fascia disorders, in which, the results, obtained by the overall observation and palpation of patient's sinew/fascia structure, are taken as the criteria of treatment. Yitong weishu (taking the sites of sensitivity or tenderness as the points) verifies this idea in practice. Under the guidance of yizhi weishu, through identifying the primary from the secondary, and regulating yin and yang, the spasticity and flaccidity of sinews/fascia can be cured and the induced diseases treated. The diagnosis and treatment system of jingjin, based on yizhi weishu, develops the original jingjin theory with vague concept involved, formulates a systematic thinking of treatment for sinew/fascia disorders and provides a new approach to clinical treatment.

Study on molecular mechanism of Zuojin Pills for gastroesophageal reflux disease based on network pharmacology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the possible mechanism of Zuojin Pills on gastroesophageal reflux disease based on network pharmacology. Methods:By searching for the active constituent and protein targets of Zuojin Pills in TCMSP database,the protein names were converted into gene names in Uniprot database. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to draw the active constituent-target-medicine network diagram of Zuojin Pills and analyze the topological parameters. Then find the target of gastroesophageal reflux disease through OMIM,GeneCards,DRUGBANK database, find the intersection target of medicine and disease, perform PPI network analysis on the intersection target in STRING 11.0, and use the Metascape database to enrich the intersection target for further analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to draw a network diagram of the active constituent- target-pathway of the medicine and to conduct a topology parameter analysis. Results:The main active constituent of Zuojin Pills in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease are quercetin, Evodiamine, R-tetrahydroberberine, 1-methyl-2-nonyl-4-quinolone, berberine, etc. Targets include PTGS2, NOS3, MAPK1, EGFR, TNF, IL6, ERBB2, VEGFA, EGF, IL1B, etc., and these processes are mainly completed through inflammatory response, cancer, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell connection, etc. Conclusions:The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease with Zuojin Pills is a complex process with multiple constituent, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. It is hoped that it which could provide reference for the future research on its mechanism of action.

Intra-host genetic evolution of HIV-1 pol gene and estimation of infection time for five infections / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the intra-host genetic evolution of HIV-1 pol gene via follow-up for treatment-naïve HIV infections, and estimate the infection time with Bayesian coalescent theory, so as to support the evaluation of HIV epidemic. @*Methods@#Five cases were recruited and followed up. The pol gene fragments were amplified for the characteristics of transmitted drug resistance ( TDR ) by RT-PCR. Bayesian coalescent theory was utilized to construct maximum clade credibility ( MCC ) tree for genetic evolution and calculate the time to the most recent common ancestor ( tMRCA ). @*Results@#The five cases were all male, and aged from 27 to 50 years old.Five to nine sampling times were obtained from each case, and the pol gene sequences from each case formed a unique subcluster (posterior probability: 100% ), with different evolution characteristics, in the MCC tree. The three cases in primary HIV-1 infection were estimated to be infected one to five months before the first positive reaction of HIV screening, whereas the two HIV-1 diagnosed cases at first screening were extrapolated to get infected fourteen months and seven months before diagnosis, respectively. One case with acute HIV-1 infection carried TDR mutation ( M46I ) , expressing fast disease progress and quasispecies variation. @*Conclusions@#The general infection time can be estimated by analyzing the characteristics of intra-host genetic evolution of HIV-1 pol gene with Bayesian coalescent theory, and this method can help to estimate the HIV epidemic.

Comparison of laparoscopic papillary dilation and Endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision treating fine stones in common bile duct with stricture of oddi sphincter / 中国内镜杂志

Objective Analyze and compare the clinical data of patients with choledocholithiasis combined with benign biliary stricture and Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic percutaneous endoscopic dilation of duodenal papilla and endoscopic sphincterotomy, to explore the clinical experience and investigate the safety and superiority of laparoscopic papillary dilatation and the clinical value in extending the first phase suturing.. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017, 60 patients with choledocholithiasis combined with Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic nipple expansion (30 cases, Group L) and the others received endoscopic sphincterotomy (30 cases, Group E). All the patients clinical data was retrospectively compared and analyzed to explore the clinical experience. Results All operation were successfully performed with no perioperative deaths occurred.. By comparison of the clinical data before and after surgery, we learned that the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin and postoperative biliary tract bleeding has no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), while the operation time, the changes of blood amylase and lipase, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative pancreatitis, gastrointestinal function recovery time has statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There has one self-healing bile leakage case in Group L thanks to routine placement of abdominal drainage tube intraoperatively. The patients gastrointestinal function recovered quick and not suffered pancreatitis because of there's no incision of nipple sphincter. Conclusion Laparoscopic papillary dilation reflects its superiority for not increase postoperative liver function damage, DBIL abnormalities, residual stones, biliary tract bleeding and biliary stricture, while can effectively decrease the incidence of complications such as postoperative pancreatitis, bile reflux and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is safe and effective with less postoperative complications in appropriately application in treatment of fine diameter common bile duct stones with sphincter of Oddi stenosis.

Comparison of laparoscopic papillary dilation and Endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision treating fine stones in common bile duct with stricture of oddi sphincter / 中国内镜杂志

Objective Analyze and compare the clinical data of patients with choledocholithiasis combined with benign biliary stricture and Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic percutaneous endoscopic dilation of duodenal papilla and endoscopic sphincterotomy, to explore the clinical experience and investigate the safety and superiority of laparoscopic papillary dilatation and the clinical value in extending the first phase suturing.. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017, 60 patients with choledocholithiasis combined with Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic nipple expansion (30 cases, Group L) and the others received endoscopic sphincterotomy (30 cases, Group E). All the patients clinical data was retrospectively compared and analyzed to explore the clinical experience. Results All operation were successfully performed with no perioperative deaths occurred.. By comparison of the clinical data before and after surgery, we learned that the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin and postoperative biliary tract bleeding has no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), while the operation time, the changes of blood amylase and lipase, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative pancreatitis, gastrointestinal function recovery time has statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There has one self-healing bile leakage case in Group L thanks to routine placement of abdominal drainage tube intraoperatively. The patients gastrointestinal function recovered quick and not suffered pancreatitis because of there's no incision of nipple sphincter. Conclusion Laparoscopic papillary dilation reflects its superiority for not increase postoperative liver function damage, DBIL abnormalities, residual stones, biliary tract bleeding and biliary stricture, while can effectively decrease the incidence of complications such as postoperative pancreatitis, bile reflux and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is safe and effective with less postoperative complications in appropriately application in treatment of fine diameter common bile duct stones with sphincter of Oddi stenosis.

Sox2 function as a negative regulator to control HAMP expression

BACKGROUND: Hepcidin, encoding by HAMP gene, is the pivotal regulator of iron metabolism, controlling the systemic absorption and transportation of irons from intracellular stores. Abnormal levels of HAMP expression alter plasma iron parameters and lead to iron metabolism disorders. Therefore,itis animportant goal to understand the mechanisms controlling HAMP gene expression. RESULTS: Overexpression of Sox2 decrease basal expression of HAMP or induced by IL-6 or BMP-2, whereas, knockdown of Sox2 can increase HAMP expression, furthermore, two potential Sox2-binding sites were identified within the human HAMP promoter. Indeed, luciferase experiments demonstrated that deletion of any Sox2-binding site impaired the negative regulation of Sox2 on HAMP promoter transcriptional activity in basal conditions. ChIP experiments showed that Sox2 could directly bind to these sites. Finally, we verified the role of Sox2 to negatively regulate HAMP expression in human primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: We found that Sox2 as a novel factor to bind with HAMP promoter to negatively regulate HAMP expression, which may be further implicated as a therapeutic option for the amelioration of HAMP-overexpression-related diseases, including iron deficiency anemia.

Surveillance analysis of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in 2009 in Xuchang city, Henan province / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of an illness of endemic fluorosis in Xuchang city,and to evaluate the effect of implementation of control measures.MethodsIn 2009,Changge city and Xuchang county were chosen as survey counties(city).We investigated the surveillance counties (city) about the running state of water-inproving projects,and fluoride content of drinking water in the villages,and ten villages were chosen as survey villages,dental fluorosis and fluoride content of children aged 8 to 12,clinical skeletal fluorosis and urinary fluoride content of 16-year-old adult were investigated.ResultsIn all the villages with projects of defluoridation for drinking water of the two monitoring counties,that the projects was being used accounted for 61.39％(97/158),and the projects discarded accounted for 38.61％(61/158).In the 9 non-water-improving villages,the average water fluoride ranged 1.32 - 2.25 mg/L; in the 1 water-improving village,the mean water fluoride was 0.44 mg/L.The total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 38.65％ (80/207),and the geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.65 mg/L.The rate of adult skeletal fluorosis by clinical detection was 0.30％ (9/2982),and the geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 2.09 mg/L.ConclusionsXuchang city is a mild to moderate fluorosis epidemic areas of endemic fluorosis,and condition of the disease has not yet been effectively controlled,and there is need to further intensify the prevention and control efforts.

Surveillance of coal-burning endemic fluorosis prevailing status in Henan Province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the prevailing status of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Henan, and to provide scientific grounds for endemic fluorosis prevention. Methods Undertook general surveillance on factors such as coal using, living habit, main foods, the structure of the houses and the fluoride content in drinking-water among 1832 historical coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages within 13 counties in 2006 and 2007, and conducted focal point sampling survey on 216 villages which still using local high-fluoride. For all children aged 8-12 years of each village, conducted dental fluorosis examination and collected 30 immediate urinary samples for fluoride content determination. Results The fluoride content in drinking-water of all historical fluorosis villages was below 1.0 mg/L. Households having individual kitchens accounted for 93.7%(241 281/257 393), those with stoves having smoke evacuation devices accounted for 41.9% (107 917/257 393), those using local high-fluoride coal for cooking accounted for 28.6%(73 686/257 393), those using local high-fluoride coal for heating accounted for 24.1%(61 924/257 393). Villages with serf-supply of main foods accounted for 95.7%(1753/1832) of all fluorosis villages. Solar drying food was used in all households. Villages with dental fluorosis detection rate for children aged 8 to 12 years above 30.0% accounted for 16.2%(35/216), which axe all in Luoyang City. Among 77.8%(168/216) of fluorosis villages, children' s urinary fluoride concentrations were no higher than 1.50 mg/L. Conclusions Coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Henan Province were decreased greatly and the extent of the health hazard was becoming slightly. The detection rate of dental fluorosis for children aged 8 to 12 years of 8 counties had reached the standard for fluorosis control, whereas the other 5 counties had not yet, all located in Luoyang City.