Salivary mycobiome dysbiosis and its potential impact on bacteriome shifts and host immunity in oral lichen planus / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The biodiversity of the mycobiome, an important component of the oral microbial community, and the roles of fungal-bacterial and fungal-immune system interactions in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we sequenced the salivary mycobiome and bacteriome associated with OLP. First, we described the dysbiosis of the microbiome in OLP patients, which exhibits lower levels of fungi and higher levels of bacteria. Significantly higher abundances of the fungi Candida and Aspergillus in patients with reticular OLP and of Alternaria and Sclerotiniaceae_unidentified in patients with erosive OLP were observed compared to the healthy controls. Aspergillus was identified as an "OLP-associated" fungus because of its detection at a higher frequency than in the healthy controls. Second, the co-occurrence patterns of the salivary mycobiome-bacteriome demonstrated negative associations between specific fungal and bacterial taxa identified in the healthy controls, which diminished in the reticular OLP group and even became positive in the erosive OLP group. Moreover, the oral cavities of OLP patients were colonized by dysbiotic oral flora with lower ecological network complexity and decreased fungal-Firmicutes and increased fungal-Bacteroidetes sub-networks. Third, several keystone fungal genera (Bovista, Erysiphe, Psathyrella, etc.) demonstrated significant correlations with clinical scores and IL-17 levels. Thus, we established that fungal dysbiosis is associated with the aggravation of OLP. Fungal dysbiosis could alter the salivary bacteriome or may reflect a direct effect of host immunity, which participates in OLP pathogenesis.

Isolation and identification of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a systematic method for isolation and identification of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of the saliva, dental plaque and periapical granulation tissue were collected from 20 subjects with healthy oral condition and from 8 patients with different oral diseases. The bacteria in the samples were identified by morphological identification, VITEK automatic microorganism identification and 16s rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VITEK automatic microorganism identification and 16s rRNA gene sequencing showed an agreement rate of 22.39% in identifying the bacteria in the samples. We identified altogether 63 bacterial genus (175 species), among which Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Staphylococcus were the most common bacterial genus, and Streptococcus anginosus, Actinomyces oris, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis were the most common species. Streptococcus anginosus was commonly found in patients with chronic periapical periodontitis. Streptococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus were common in patients with radiation caries, and in patients with rampant caries, Streptococcus mutans was found at considerably higher rate than other species.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in the oral cavity, and most of them are gram-positive. 16s rRNA gene sequencing is more accurate than VITEK automatic microorganism identification in identifying the bacteria.</p>

The novel species and genus discovered and nominated from the human oral cavity in 2009--2012 / 华西口腔医学杂志

Bacterium is dominant microflora population in human oral cavity, and the novel species and novel genus were discovered and named one after another. This article reviewed the major biological characteristics of 5 novel genus and 16 novel species isolated from the human oral cavity from 2009 to 2012.

Research on flora on tongue dorsum of patients with atrophic glossitis and correlated factors / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the flora samples from the tongue dorsum of the atrophic glossitis group and to discuss the relationship so as to provide a thinking pattern for therapy and a clue for deeper research.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To collect personal information on 60 cases of atrophic glossitis and 40 cases of volunteers as control. The main items include general status, oral examination, salivary flow rate, pH value and bacteria test. All data were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Among the 60 cases, 75.00% were female patients. Glosso-pain, dry mouth and taste loss were the most common symptoms. 2) In regard to the pathogenic factors, the systematic diseases were often visible, i.e. gastritis, coronary disease and anemia. 3) Oral hygiene of the patients was worse than that of the control group, the saliva flow rate and pH value were lower than that of the control. 4)The statistic analysis showed that the quantity of some bacteria of tongue dorsum and their detectable rate were different between the glossitis group and the control one, between the patients with atrophic glossitis who also suffered from different systematic diseases and the control group, and between the complete type and the partial type. These bacteria included Streptococcus sanguis, Stomatococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Atrophic glossitis is the consequence co-affected by host, circumstances of oral cavity and bacteria. The tangible relationship between atrophic glossitis and micro-ecological changes on glossal dorsum has not been confirmed yet, however, flora change on dorsum may have relations with occurrence, and development of the disease.</p>

Optimizing Preparation Technics of Sodium Carboxylmethylcellulose Mucilage by Orthogonal Test / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation technique for CMC-Na mucilage.METHODS:The factors including kinds of solvents,the prescription dosage of CMC-Na and its adding way,the preferable prescription of and preparation for the above were inspected using orthogonal test of3factors and levels.RESULTS:The preferable technique was that2.5%CMC-Na was spreaded into the hot purified water solution under its stirring.CONCLUSIONS:The prescription and preparation for CMC-Na mucilage selected by the orthogonal test is consistent with Chinese Hospital's Preparation Standards.

Apoptosis in Raji cell line induced by influenza A virus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the apoptotic effects of influenza A virus on the Raji cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured Raji cells were infected with influenza A virus at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i) of 20 and the effects of apoptosis were detected at different time points post infection using the following methods: electron microscope, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, PI stained flow cytometry (FCM) and Annexin-V FITC/PI stained FCM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Raji cells infected with influenza A virus showed changes of morphology apoptosis, DNA agarose electrophoresis also demonstrated a ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments in a time-dependent manner. PI stained FCM showed "apoptosis peak" and FITC/PI stained FCM showed apoptotic cells. Quantitative analysis indicated that the percentage of apoptotic Raji cells increased after infection, and cycloheximide (CHX), an eukaryotic transcription inhibitor, could effectively inhibit the apoptotic effects of influenza A virus in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Influenza A virus can induce apoptosis in Raji cell line suggesting that it may lead to a potential method for tumor therapy.</p>

Reaction of experimental animial to a new nanohydroxyapatite in vivo / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To assess the tissue reactions of dogs to a new nanohydroxyapatite. Methods:Three dogs were used for root canal filling experiment, mandibular implanting and subcutaneous implanting experiment. AH-plus root canal sealer was used as control. The dogs were killed after implantation for 2,4 and 12 weeks separately. The tissue reaction was assessed by X-ray and light microscope examination. Results:①Root canal filling experiment: no inflammatory reaction was detected in specimens of n-HA group. In AH-plus group, implantation caused a middling inflammatory reaction after 2 weeks and 4 weeks. After 12 weeks the reaction of apical tissues was slight. ②Mandibular implanting experiment: no inflammatory reaction was showed by all n-HA groups and the group of AH-plus implanted for 12 weeks.Mild inflammatory reaction was observed in the groups of AH-plus implanted for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.③ Subcutaneous implanting experiment:after AH-plus was implanted for 2 weeks and 4 weeks, middling inflammatory reaction was observed. The group of n-HA implanted for 2 weeks showed the same reaction. No obvious inflammatory reaction was found in the other groups. Conclusion:n-HA shows better tissue compatibility than AH-plus.

The Therapentic Effect of Influenza A Virus on Murine S180 Ascites Tumor / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To investigate the immunological mechanism of influenza A virus for murine S180 ascites sarcoma. Methods: After inoculation with S180 sarcoma cells, mice were i. p. injected with influenza A virus or vehicle 15 days. The average living time and survival rate of the mice were examined. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-? were detected. The sarcoma cell's apoptosis was detected by DNA ladder, flow cytometry (FMC) , fluorescent microscope and e-lectron microscope (EM). Results: The average living time and survival rate of the mice injected with Influenza A virus were significantly longer or higher than that of the controls. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-? also had the same differences. The apoptosis cells were detected by EM and fluorescent microscope. Sub-diploid peaks were observed by FCM a-nalysis and DNA ladder was seen after electrophoresis in the ascites cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the feasibility and potential of delivery of influenza A virus as a general means for the treatment of S180 ascites sarcoma.