Immunophenotyping of circulating T cells in a mucosal leishmaniasis patient coinfected with HIV / Immunofenotipagem de células T circulantes em um paciente com leishmaniose mucosa co-infectado com HIV

HIV coinfection modifies the clinical course of leishmaniasis by promoting a Th2 pattern of cytokine production. However, little information is available regarding the lymphocytic response in untreated coinfected patients. This work presents the immunophenotyping of Leishmania-stimulated T cells from a treatment-naÏve HIV+ patient with ML. Leishmania braziliensis antigens induced CD69 expression on CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells. It also increased IL-4 intracellular staining on CD3+CD4+GATA3- population and decreased the percentage of CD3+CD4+IL-17+ cells. This suggests that modulations in the IL-4R/STAT6 pathway and the Th17 population may serve as parasitic evasion mechanisms in HIV/ML. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

A co-infecção por HIV modifica o curso clínico da leishmaniose ao promover aumento no perfil Th2 de produção de citocinas. No entanto, há pouca informação a respeito da resposta linfocitária em pacientes co-infectados sem tratamento. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a imunofenotipagem de células T estimuladas com antígenos de Leishmania braziliensis em paciente não tratado HIV+ e com leishmaniose mucosa. Os resultados mostraram aumento na expressão de CD69 em células CD3+CD4+ e CD3+CD8+. Além disso, foi observado aumento de IL-4 na população de linfócitos CD3+CD4+GATA3- e diminuição no percentual de células CD3+CD4+IL-17+. Estes resultados sugerem que a modulação da via IL-4R/STAT6 e da população de células Th17 funcione como mecanismo de evasão parasitária em HIV/LM. Estudos futuros são necessários para confirmar estes resultados.

Análisis epidemiológico de pacientes coinfectados con enfermedad de Chagas y cisticercosis / Epidemiological analysis of patients coinfected with Chagas disease and cysticercosis

Introducción. Se ha sugerido que la infección por larvas de Taenia solium (cisticercosis) podría inducir un estado de inmunosupresión en el huésped, aumentando el riesgo de adquirir infecciones múltiples después de estar expuesto a otros parásitos, entre ellos Trypanosoma cruzi, particularmente entre habitantes de áreas endémicas en países en desarrollo. Objetivos. Evaluar un posible aumento en la presentación endémica de infección por T. cruzi (enfermedad de Chagas) en pacientes con cisticercosis. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 1.501 autopsias de individuos mayores de 15 años de edad del Hospital Universitario de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1970-2004. Se dividieron los casos en cuatro grupos: (1) sin infección, (2) con cisticercosis, (3) con enfermedad de Chagas y (4) coinfectados con cisticercosis y enfermedad de Chagas. Se analizaron las variables de raza, sexo y edad. Resultados. Más de la mitad de todos los casos no presentaban infección (848 casos o 56,5%); 611 pacientes (40,7%) tenían enfermedad de Chagas; 72 casos (4,8% de las autopsias) tenían cisticercosis y 30 (41,7%) presentaron coinfección de cisticercosis con enfermedad de Chagas. La raza blanca y el sexo masculino fueron predominantes en todos los grupos. La mediana de edad más joven fue encontrada en el grupo sin infección (46 años), seguido por aquéllos que presentaban enfermedad de Chagas (49 años) y por aquéllos con coinfección de cisticercosis y enfermedad de Chagas (57,5 años). Conclusión. En teoría, todos los pacientes tuvieron un riesgo similar de exposición para ambos parásitos. Sin embargo, este trabajo demuestra que, en la población estudiada, la enfermedad de Chagas fue, aproximadamente, 10 veces más frecuente en los casos coinfectados con cisticercosis.

Introduction. Among inhabitants of endemic areas in the developing world, infection with the larva of Taenia solium (cysticercosis) may possibly induce a state of immunosuppression in the host, thereby increasing the risk of multiple infections after exposure to other parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi. Objective. Increase in the epidemiological occurrence of infection was assessed for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) in patients with cysticercosis. Materials and methods. At the University Hospital in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, data were obtained from autopsies performed between 1970-2004 on 1,501 subjects older than 15 years of age. Cases were divided into four groups: (1) no infection, (2) cysticercosis only, (3) Chagas disease only, and (4) cysticercosis coinfected with Chagas disease. Race, gender and age data were analyzed. Results. More than half of the cases showed no infection (848 cases or 56.5%); Chagas disease was found in 611 patients (40.7%); 72 cases (4.8% of the autopsies) had cysticercosis and 30 of them (41.7%) were co-infected with Chagas disease. White race and male gender (46 years), followed by those with Chagas disease without cysticercosis (49 years) and those coinfected with cysticercosis and Chagas disease (57.5 years). Conclusion. Presumably, all patients had a similar exposure to both parasites. However, in this study population, Chagas disease was approximately 10 times more frequent in patients co-infected with cysticercosis.

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a non-endemic country: case report / Infecção pelo Diphyllobothrium latum em país não endêmico: relato de caso

Diphyllobothriasis, which is rarely described in Brazil, was reported initially as a travelers’ disease and as an accidental infection in individuals who ate raw freshwater fish. This report aims to present the case of a 20-year-old patient with confirmed Diphyllobothrium latum infection.

A difilobotríase, raramente descrita no Brasil, foi referida inicialmente como doença de viajantes e como infecção acidental em indivíduos que se alimentam com peixe cru de água doce. Este relato objetiva apresentar o caso de uma paciente de 20 anos com infecção confirmada pelo Diphyllobothrium latum.