Food Consumption and Health Outcomes in Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed food consumption. Objective Evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes, changes in food consumption during the pandemic, and health outcomes in obese women. Methods Cross-sectional observational study including 491 women without previous diagnosis of chronic diseases, evaluated according to metabolic phenotype. During the pandemic, a subsample was re-evaluated by online questionnaires via Google Forms. Analyzed anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data as well as health outcomes (coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia or death). Information on mortality was collected from the Internal Affairs Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro and the Health Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 21, with Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's chi-squared, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression, at a significance level of 5%. Results The anthropometric, glucose, and lipid profiles showed significant differences between the metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy groups (p = 0.00). Before the pandemic, women in the metabolically unhealthy group had higher dietary intakes of lipids (p = 0.01), saturated fat (p = 0.01) and sodium (p = 0.04), during the pandemic, they consumed more energy (p = 0.04), lipids (p = 0.02), saturated fat (p = 0.02), proteins (p = 0.03) and sodium from ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03). Consequently, health outcomes were more prevalent in the metabolically unhealthy group (p = 0.00). Conclusion Observed that metabolically healthy women had qualitatively better food intake and fewer health outcomes throughout the study.

Nutritional influences on oral infections: the oral microbiota modulation

Introduction: The oral microbiota has approximately 700 symbiotic microorganisms responsible for oral health homeostasis. However, changes in oral microbiota can generate dysbiotic processes that favor the worsening of infections such as caries and periodontal disease. These oral infections, in addition to systemic involvement, can compromise the teeth integrity as well as oral health. Thus, inadequate nutrition proves to be a risk factor influencing the prevention and treatment of these oral infections. Objective: This study aims to evidence the nutritional influence on the oral microbiota modulation affecting, in the longterm, the gut microbiota, highlighting the use of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of oral infections by a literature review. Synthesis of data : Supplements of certain nutrients and the intake of an adequate diet in macronutrients and micronutrients directly influence nutritional status and consequently in the maintenance of oral-systemic homeostasis. In addition, due to microbial multidrug resistance, therapies using probiotics and prebiotics have been adopted as aids to the treatment of oral infections. Conclusion: Personalized Dentistry must integrate multidisciplinary knowledge of attention for health care. This in addition to knowingwhen to refer and work together with a Nutritionist.

Introdução: A microbiota oral possui aproximadamente 700 microrganismos simbiontes responsáveis pela homeostase da saúde bucal. Contudo, alterações na microbiota oral podem gerar processos disbióticos que favorecem o agravamento de infecções como a cárie e a doença periodontal. Essas infecções orais, além do acometimento sistêmico, podem comprometer a integridade dos dentes e também da saúde bucal. Dessa forma, a alimentação inadequada mostra-se um fator de risco que influência na prevenção e no tratamento dessas infecções orais. Objetivo: Este estudo visa evidenciar a influência nutricional na modulação da microbiota oral afetando a longo prazo a microbiota intestinal, destacando o uso de probióticos e prebióticos no tratamento de infecções orais através de uma revisão de literatura. Síntese de dados: A suplementação de determinados nutrientes e a ingestão de uma dieta adequada em macronutrientes e micronutrientes influenciam diretamente no estado nutricional e consequentemente na manutenção da homeostase oral-sistêmica. Além disso, devido à multirresistência microbiana, terapias com probióticos e prebióticos têm sido adotadas como auxiliares no tratamento de infecções orais. Conclusão: A Odontologia Personalizada deve integrar conhecimentos multidisciplinares de atenção à saúde. Isso além de saber quando encaminhar e trabalhar junto com o Nutricionista.