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Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on the expression of transcription factor forkheadbox P3 (Foxp3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) protein in cerebral ischemic mice. Methods Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham operation group, model group, acupuncture group, rehabilitation group, and acupuncture-rehabilitation group, with nine mice in each group. Subsequently, each group was divided into three days, seven days and 14 days subgroups. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established by the suture method, except the sham operation group. The sham operation group and the model group received no treatment. The acupuncture group received scalp cluster acupuncture, the rehabilitation group received treadmill training, and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group received scalp cluster acupuncture combined with treadmill training. Three days, seven days and 14 days after modeling, the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) was obtained, and the expression of Foxp3 and RORγt in brain tissue of ischemic side was analyzed by Western blotting. Results The mNSS in the sham operation group was 0, and was higher in the model group than in the sham operation group at each postoperative time point. Three days after operation, the mNSS decreased in the rehabilitation group and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group, compared to the model group (P < 0.05). Fourteen days after operation, the mNSS decreased in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group, compared to the model group and acupuncture group (P < 0.05). The expression of Foxp3 protein was significantly lower in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in other groups at all time points after surgery( P < 0.05). Three days after operation, the expression of RORγt was higher in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Seven days after operation, the expression of RORγt was higher in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in the acupuncture group and sham operation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy may improve the tissue injury of cerebral ischemia mice, and promote the recovery of neural function, possibly by regulating Foxp3 and RORγT expression to reduce the level of inflammation, and then exert neuroprotective effects.
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Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on the expression of transcription factor forkheadbox P3 (Foxp3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) protein in cerebral ischemic mice. Methods Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham operation group, model group, acupuncture group, rehabilitation group, and acupuncture-rehabilitation group, with nine mice in each group. Subsequently, each group was divided into three days, seven days and 14 days subgroups. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established by the suture method, except the sham operation group. The sham operation group and the model group received no treatment. The acupuncture group received scalp cluster acupuncture, the rehabilitation group received treadmill training, and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group received scalp cluster acupuncture combined with treadmill training. Three days, seven days and 14 days after modeling, the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) was obtained, and the expression of Foxp3 and RORγt in brain tissue of ischemic side was analyzed by Western blotting. Results The mNSS in the sham operation group was 0, and was higher in the model group than in the sham operation group at each postoperative time point. Three days after operation, the mNSS decreased in the rehabilitation group and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group, compared to the model group (P < 0.05). Fourteen days after operation, the mNSS decreased in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group, compared to the model group and acupuncture group (P < 0.05). The expression of Foxp3 protein was significantly lower in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in other groups at all time points after surgery( P < 0.05). Three days after operation, the expression of RORγt was higher in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Seven days after operation, the expression of RORγt was higher in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in the acupuncture group and sham operation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy may improve the tissue injury of cerebral ischemia mice, and promote the recovery of neural function, possibly by regulating Foxp3 and RORγT expression to reduce the level of inflammation, and then exert neuroprotective effects.
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Objective:To design a type of wearable cephalic stimulator and verify its feasibility, safety and effectiveness. Methods:The wearable cephalic stimulator was designed based on transcranial electric stimulation and the meridian. From June 2015 to February 2018, 80 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and treatment group (n = 40). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation, and the treatment group was treated with the wearable cephalic stimulator additionally, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment. While, the safety and stability of the device were observed, and the temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, etc. of the patient were recorded. Results:The prototype was successfully produced. There was no significant difference in the scores of FMA and MBI between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The scores of FMA and MBI significantly increased in both groups (t > 2.448, P < 0.05), and they were higher in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.202, P < 0.05) after treatment. The temperature, pulse, and breathing did not change during the treatment with this device, and blood pressure did not increase. Conclusion:The wearable cephalic stimulator is safe, reliable and operability, and could effectively improve the motor function and activities of daily living in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of enriched environment on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Methods:Forty-eight newborn Wistar rats aged seven days were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and enriched environment group, each group was divided in to 14 days group and 28 days group, with eight in each subgroup. The model was established with the Rice method. The sham operation group and the model group did not receive any intervention, and the enriched environment group received enriched environment stimulation 24 hours after modeling. Fourteen days and 28 days after modeling, the levels of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus were detected by TUNEL and double immunofluorescence staining; BDNF and TrkB proteins in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results:Fourteen days and 28 days after modeling, the numbers of TUNEL positive cells, double immunofluorescence positive cells, BDNF and TrkB positive cells were significantly more in the model group than in the sham operation group (t > 27.214, P < 0.001), while the numbers of TUNEL positive cells, double immunofluorescence positive cells were significantly less in the enriched environment group than in the model group (t > 12.687, P < 0.001); and the number of BDNF and TrkB positive cells were significantly more in the enriched environment group than in the model group 28 days after modeling (t > 137.998, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Enriched environmental stimulation could reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and up-regulate the expression of BDNF and TrkB proteins in the neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
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It has been increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to the development of central nervous system and emotional processing for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The interconnection of gut microbiome and brain function has significantly contributed to establishing the microbiota-gut-brain axis as an extension of the well-accepted gut-brain axis concept. The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain occurs through various pathways including serotonin, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotrophin, and the immune system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to influence the behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Modulation of this gut microbiota as a novel therapy for ASD is gaining interest. This paper summarized the status of neuropsychological microbiome, which provided evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Objective:To observe the effects of exercise preconditioning on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and connexin 43 (Cx43) and pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods:Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 18), model group (n = 18) and exercise preconditioning group (n = 18). The exercise preconditioning group was trained with treadmill for three weeks before modeling. The middle cerebral arteries were occluded in the model group and the exercise preconditioning group using the modified Koizumi suture. After reperfusion of 24 hours, the rats were assessed with modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). The permeability of BBB was observed with Evans blue (EB). The expression of Cx43 and Panx1 was detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the ischemic tissues. Results:Compared with the model group, the mNSS score decreased in the exercise preconditioning group (P < 0.05), while the Evans blue content and the expression of Cx43 and Panx1 decreased (P < 0.05), as well as the the positive areas of Cx43 and Panx1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Exercise preconditioning can improve the permeability of BBB in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, which may associate with down-regulation of Cx43 and Panx1, to protect brain from injury.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on homocysteine (Hcy) and cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. Methods:From July, 2017 to June, 2018, 88 patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke were randomly divided into group A (n = 29, cluster needling), group B (n = 30, cognitive training) and group C (n = 29, acupuncture-rehabilitation). Their serum Hcy content was measured and they were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and 30 days after treatment. Results:The serum Hcy content was the least in group C after treatment (F = 6.570, P < 0.01), with the most score of MoCA (F = 31.526, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy is more effective than simple cluster needling or cognitive training for patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.
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Exosome is a hot topic in the field of medical research in recent years, which can serve as new carriers for cell-to-cell communication, and show great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. microRNA containing in exosomes plays an important role in it. This article reviewed the research progress of exosomes in ischemic stroke on biomarkers, drug carriers, neurovascular remodeling, and treatment.
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The concept of neurovascular units studies the interaction between neural cells and blood vessels, regards the blood-brain barrier as the core,and relates with the neurodegenerative diseases.This paper reviewed the relationship be-tween neurovascular units and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease,multiple sclerosis,etc.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of p53 protein on the nerve function of rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by electro-acupuncture pretreatment. Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group(n=24),model group(n=24) and electroacupuncture pretreatment group(n=24).Each group was equally divided into two hours and 72 hours subgroups. The neurological behavior was assessed with modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). HE staining and TUNEL assay were used to observe the injury and cell apoptosis in ischemic brain,and Western blot-ting was used to detect the expression of p-p53(ser392),p53 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)II in ischemic area. Results Compared with the model group,the mNSS scores,the injury of brain tissue,the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and the level of p-p53 and LC3II decreased (P<0.05) in the electroacupuncture pretreatment group.Two hours after reperfusion,there was no significant difference in the level of p53 between the model group and the electroacupuncture pretreatment group(P>0.05),however,72 hours after reperfusion,the level of p53 decreased in the electroacupuncture pretreatment group(P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture pretreatment can improve neurological deficit in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats,which may be related to the involvement of p53 protein in autophagy and apoptosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion (I/R). Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=24), model group (n=24) and EA group (n=24). The rats in latter two groups were occluded the right middle cerebral arteries for two hours and reperfused. EA group was treated with EA at Baihui (GV20) for two weeks before modeling. They were as-sessed with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) 24 hours after modeling. Then, the cerebral infarct volume was measured with TTC staining, the apoptosis was detected with TUENL assay, and the expression of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in ischemic penumbra was detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the score of mNSS, cerebral infarct volume and the number of TUNEL-posi-tive cells all significantly decreased (P<0.05) in EA group; while the expression of p53 and Bax proteins de-creased (P<0.05), Bcl-2 increased (P<0.05), and Bax/Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion EA preconditioning can induce tolerance to cerebral I/R injury, which might associate with the inhibition of p53 protein and down-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in ischemic penumbra, to inhibit cerebral cell apoptosis.