Physical, psychological and demographic factors associated with military discharge: a systematic review

Abstract Aims: The present study is a review focused on analyzing the physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be dismissed or to request their dismissal during basic military training periods. Methods: This study is a systematic review of cohort studies. The following databases were searched in June 2019 and updated in July 2020: Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The MeSH descriptors military personnel, risk factors, and discharge were used to elaborate the search equations. Reference lists were explored to find studies that examined the association between physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be discharged. The following data were extracted from the studies: profile of the participants, sample size, type of risk factors, the duration of follow-up, and the results of the statistical analysis carried out in the studies included. The risk of bias was analyzed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Results: A total of 531 titles were retrieved from the databases, and eight articles met the eligibility criteria. The results showed the factors associated with discharge, in descending order: musculoskeletal injuries and other medical questions, depressive and behavioural disorders, performance in physical fitness tests, and others. Factors such as educational level, alcohol use, history of suicide attempt, and imprisonments were not associated with an increased risk of being discharged. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injuries, depression, running performance, previous physical exercise practice, and demographic factors were associated with an increased risk of being discharged.

Performance of Trichogramaspp in small tomato borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalisGuenée): Pest management with egg parasitoid

The tomato is a crop of great importance for Brazilian agriculture. Among the most damaging pests, the small tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambiadae) has caused great losses, since they directly reach the fruits to be commercialized, being used for its handling a large volume of insecticides. In this way, the use of alternative techniques that help in the management of this pest becomes of great importance. Among them, the use of the egg parasitoid Trichogrammaspp. has been promising. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Trichogrammaspecies and/or strains in N. elegantalisby selection of strains. The selection was made based on four lineages maintained in the Nucleus of Scientific and Technological Development in Phytosanitary Management of Pests (NUDEMAFI), being three strains of the species T. pretiosumand one of T. galloispecies. The parameters evaluated were percentage of parasitized eggs, egg viability, number of individuals per eggs, sex ratio and number of Trichogrammaspp. to be released. The T. galloi(T. g1) showed the best parameters for selection of the strain. Estimating the optimal number of T. g1 in eggs of small-fruit-borerwas 82 individuals per egg parasitoid. Therefore, this strain wasselected for the management of the small tomato-borer, whose eggs presented favorable physicochemical characteristics for the development of the parasitoid.

Immediate effects of Tuina techniques on working-related musculoskeletal disorder of professional orchestra musicians / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Musicians are a prone group to suffer from working-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMD). Conventional solutions to control musculoskeletal pain include pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation programs but their efficiency is sometimes disappointing.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this research is to study the immediate effects of Tuina techniques on WRMD of professional orchestra musicians from the north of Portugal.</p><p><b>DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS</b>We performed a prospective, controlled, single-blinded, randomized study. Professional orchestra musicians with a diagnosis of WRMD were randomly distributed into the experimental group (n=39) and the control group (n=30). During an individual interview, Chinese diagnosis took place and treatment points were chosen. Real acupoints were treated by Tuina techniques into the experimental group and non-specific skin points were treated into the control group. Pain was measured by verbal numerical scale before and immediately after intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After one treatment session, pain was reduced in 91.8% of the cases for the experimental group and 7.9% for the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although results showed that Tuina techniques are effectively reducing WRMD in professional orchestra musicians of the north of Portugal, further investigations with stronger measurements, double-blinding designs and bigger simple sizes are needed.</p>

Aptidão física e trabalho físico pesado: como interagem para a ocorrência de distúrbio musculoesquelético? / How do physical fitness and heavy physical work interact in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders? / Aptitud física y trabajo físico pesado: ¿cómo interactúan entre sí para la aparición de trastornos musculoesqueléticos?

Estudo transversal com 577 trabalhadores investigou associação entre aptidão física autopercebida e distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em pescoço, ombro ou parte alta das costas, em trabalhadores de 14 indústrias de plástico, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A aptidão física autopercebida foi avaliada em escala de 0-5 pontos. Caso de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos: dor nos últimos 12 meses, superior a uma semana ou frequência mensal, restringindo o trabalho, ou provocando assistência médica, ou gravidade 3 ou maior, em escala de 0-5. A regressão logística investigou interação entre aptidão física e demanda física no trabalho para ocorrência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Precária aptidão física resultou em 3,19 vezes a chance de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, mas apenas entre aqueles submetidos a baixa demanda física no trabalho. Entre expostos a alta demanda física no trabalho, boa aptidão física não foi fator de proteção para distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, ou seja, trabalho físico pesado está associado a alta prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, mesmo quando trabalhadores referem boa aptidão física. Apesar da importância da boa aptidão física, programas de atividade física não devem substituir intervenções nas condições de trabalho.

A cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-reported physical fitness and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulder, or upper back among workers in 14 plastics factories in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Physical fitness was assessed on a scale from 0 to 5. Cases were defined as self-reported pain in the previous 12 months, lasting more than a week or having monthly minimum frequency, with restrictions at work or seeking medical care, or where respondents’ severity was greater than 2 (on a scale from 0 to 5). Logistic regression was performed to investigate statistical interaction between physical fitness and physical demands from work in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Precarious physical fitness resulted in 3.19 times greater odds of musculoskeletal disorders among workers exposed to light physical demands on the job. Among workers exposed to heavy physical demands, physical fitness failed to protect against musculoskeletal disorders. Heavy physical work was always associated with high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite the importance of physical fitness, physical exercise programs should not be used to replace improvements in working conditions.

Este estudio transversal con 577 trabajadores investigó la asociación entre aptitud física autopercibida y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en cuello, hombro o parte alta de la espalda, en trabajadores de 14 industrias de plástico, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. La aptitud física fue evaluada en una escala de 0 a 5 puntos. Los casos de disturbios musculoesqueléticos: dolor en los últimos 12 meses, duración de más de una semana o incidencia mensual con restricción al trabajo o buscar asistencia médica, o gravedad 3 o mayor, en escala de 0 a 5. La regresión logística investigó la interacción entre aptitud física y demanda física en el trabajo para la aparición de trastornos musculoesqueléticos. La precaria aptitud física evidenció en 3,19 veces la posibilidad de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, pero sólo entre aquellos sometidos a una baja demanda física. Entre los expuestos a una alta demanda física, una buena aptitud física no fue un factor de protección para los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, o sea, el trabajo físico pesado se asocia con una alta prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, aún cuando trabajadores refieren una buena aptitud física. Programas de actividad física no deben sustituir intervenciones en las condiciones de trabajo.

Colecistectomia videolaparoscópica com a utilizaçäo de apenas um trocarte de trabalho e um microendoscópico, em pacientes selecionados / Ports technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy using microendoscopiuc, in selected patients

Buscando diminuir o trauma operatório, uma técnica original de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica com a utilizaçäo de apenas um trocarte de trabalho e um microendoscópio é descrita. O microendoscópio é introduzido através de uma agulha de Veress. Pontos de sutura passados através da espessura da parede abdominal suspendem a vesícula biliar. O trocarte de trabalho de 10mm é posicionado na linha mediana do epigástrio, para a passagem de instrumentos. Três pacientes foram operados com esta técnica, com bons resultados. O procedimento pode ser efetuado com segurança, em casos selecionados