Brazilian recommendations for the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Abstract Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases characterized by axial and/or peripheral joints inflammation, as well as extra-articular manifestations. Over some decades, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the basis for the pharmacological treatment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, the emergence of the immunobiologic agents brought up the discussion about the role of NSAIDs in the management of these patients. The objective of this guideline is to provide recommendations for the use of NSAIDs for the treatment of axSpA. A panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials for 15 predefined questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations were used, and at least 70% agreement of the voting panel was needed. Fourteen recommendations for the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of patients with axSpA were elaborated. The purpose of these recommendations is to support clinicians' decision making, without taking out his/her autonomy when prescribing for an individual patient.(AU)

Doença de Still do adulto: um desafio diagnóstico / Adult-onset Still's disease: a diagnostic challenge

A doença de Still do adulto é uma rara condição inflamatória, cujo diagnóstico é um desafio, por se tratar de diagnóstico de exclusão, após vasta investigação. Manifesta-se com febre alta diária, amigdalite não supurativa, artrite, rash evanescente, leucocitose e hiperferritinemia. O presente caso demonstra a doença de Still do adulto e sua vasta investigação, motivando a realização de revisão bibliográfica sobre inovações na fisiopatologia, no diagnóstico e no tratamento.

Adult onset Still's disease is a rare inflammatory condition, the diagnosis of which is a challenge, because it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and demands extensive investigation. It manifests with high daily fever, nonsuppurative tonsillitis, arthritis, evanescent rash, leukocytosis, and hyperferritinemia. The present case de­monstrates adult-onset Still's disease and its extensive inves­tigation, motivating literature review on innovations of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

The Brazilian Society of Rheumatology guidelines for axial spondyloarthritis - 2019

Abstract Spondyloarthritis is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases characterized by axial and/or peripheral joints inflammation, as well as extra-articular manifestations. The classification axial spondyloarthritis is adopted when the spine and/or the sacroiliac joints are predominantly involved. This version of recommendations replaces the previous guidelines published in May 2013. A systematic literature review was performed, and two hundred thirty-seven studies were selected and used to formulate 29 recommendations answering 15 clinical questions, which were divided into four sections: diagnosis, non-pharmacological therapy, conventional drug therapy and biological therapy. For each recommendation the level of evidence supporting (highest available), the strength grade according to Oxford, and the degree of expert agreement (inter-rater reliability) is informed. These guidelines bring evidence-based information on clinical management of axial SpA patients, including, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Associação de osteomielite tibial e pneumonite por tuberculose miliar em paciente com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Association of tibial osteomyelitis and pneumonitis due to miliary tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune multissistêmica na qual há grande prevalência e manifestações incomuns de doenças infecciosas oportunistas, principalmente pelas múltiplas anormalidades no sistema imunológico e pelo efeito imunossupressor das medicações utilizadas em seu tratamento. Pacientes com LES têm incidência aumentada de tuberculose, e o acometimento osteoarticular ocorre em 1%-3% desses casos. Manifesta-se com dor, diminuição da mobilidade e aumento do volume osteoarticular, e os achados radiográficos costumam ser inespecíficos. A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) é exame útil para definir o grau de acometimento ósseo; entretanto, o diagnóstico etiológico é dado apenas pela cultura de líquido sinovial, pela cultura óssea ou pela histologia dessas regiões. Devido à inespecificidade dos achados, geralmente há atraso diagnóstico, em média de 11 meses. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do gênero feminino com LES apresentando fatores predisponentes para a infecção/reativação da tuberculose. A RMN foi importante para definir o acometimento ósseo, e o diagnóstico etiológico foi dado pela biópsia óssea. A paciente também apresentava acometimento pulmonar devido à tuberculose, em sua forma miliar, demonstrado pela radiografia simples de tórax e pela tomografia computadorizada e confirmado pela cultura do bacilo de Koch no escarro. Houve demora de 1,5 mês para o início da terapêutica, tempo considerado curto em relação à literatura. Conclui-se dessa maneira que a tuberculose óssea, apesar de rara, deve sempre ser lembrada como diagnóstico diferencial nos pacientes lúpicos com osteomielite, principalmente naqueles com antecedente de tuberculose pulmonar.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, which has great prevalence and uncommon manifestations of opportunistic infectious diseases, mainly due to the multiple abnormalities of the immune system and the immunosuppressive effect of the medications used in its treatment. Patients whit SLE have an increased incidence of tuberculosis, and osteoarticular involvement occurs in 1%-3% of the cases, manifesting as pain, reduction in mobility, and increased osteoarticular volume. The radiographic findings are often nonspecific. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an useful test to define the severity of bone involvement; however, the etiological diagnosis can only be established by use of synovial fluid or bone cultures or the histological study of the affected areas. Due to the lack of specificity of the findings, there is usually a mean diagnosis delay of 11 months. We report the case of a female patient with SLE and predisposing factors for tuberculosis infection/reactivation. The MRI was important to define bone involvement, and the etiological diagnosis was established by use of bone biopsy. The patient also had lung involvement due to miliary tuberculosis, shown on plain chest radiography and CT scan and confirmed on culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum. There was a 1.5-month delay in beginning therapy, which is considered a short time when compared to the reports in the literature. In conclusion, bone tuberculosis, although rare, should always be remembered as a differential diagnosis of patients with SLE and osteomyelitis, mainly those with history of pulmonary tuberculosis.