Surveillance on dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Ningbo City in 2021 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the density, distribution and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Ningbo City in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of dengue fever control strategies.@*METHODS@#Four administrative villages were randomly selected from each county (district) in Ningbo City from April to November, 2021, to investigate the indoor population density of Aedes larvae, and the Breteau index (BI) was calculated. The population density of adult mosquitoes was investigated in residential areas, parks/bamboo forests, waste tire stacking sites/waste stations/construction sites in each county (district). On June 2021, larvae of the natural strain A. albopictus were collected from epidemic sites of dengue fever in Ningbo City in 2018, and raised in laboratory. Then, larvae and female mosquitoes without blood feeding were selected for insecticide resistance bioassays, while insecticide-sensitive strains of A. albopictus served as controls. The resistance of A. albopictus larvae to deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, temephos and dichlorvos using the impregnation method, and the medium lethal concentration (LC50) and resistance ratio (RR) were calculated. The resistance of adult A. albopictus to beta-cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur and malathion was determined using the tube bioassay, and the mosquito mortality was calculated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 10 072 small water containers from 9 935 households were investigated in Ningbo City in 2021, and there were 1 276 containers with Aedes larvae detected, with an average BI of 12.89. Totally 1 422 mosquito nets were allocated and 954 female A. albopictus were captured, with an average net trapping index of 1.34 mosquitoes/(net·hour). Both larval and adult A. albopictus mosquitoes were found from April to November, and the density of larval A. albopictus peaked in September (BI = 21.21), while the density of adult A. albopictus peaked in August, with a net trapping index of 2.38 mosquitoes/(net·hour). The LC50 values of delta-methrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, temephos and dichlorvos were 0.017 4, 0.000 9, 0.364 1, 0.038 1 mg/L and 0.001 6 mg/L against larvae of natural strains of A. albopicchus, with RRs of 49.66, 25.53, 9.65, 2.24 and 6.06, and the mortality rates of adult mosquitoes were 66.00% (66/100), 69.39% (68/98), 25.00% (25/100), 98.97% (96/97) and 100.00% (98/98) 24 hours post-treatment with 0.08% beta-cypermethrin, 0.03% deltamethrin, 0.4% permethrin, 0.05% propoxur, and 0.5% malathion for 24 h, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A. albopictus is widely distributed in Ningbo City, with a high population density and presents high-level resistance to common pyrethroid insecticides. The population density and insecticide resistance of A. albopictus requires to be reinforced.

Pathological features and diagnostic significance of lung biopsy in occupational lung diseases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of occupational lung diseases, to reduce the missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of the diseases and to help standardize the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Methods: A total of 4 813 lung biopsy specimens (including 1 935 consultation cases) collected at the Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China from January 1st, 2017 to December 31th, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 126 cases of occupational lung diseases were confirmed with clinical-radiological-pathological diagnosis. Special staining, PCR and scanning electron microscopy were also used to rule out the major differential diagnoses. Results: The 126 patients with occupational lung diseases included 102 males and 24 females. All of them had a history of exposure to occupational risk factor(s). Morphologically, 68.3% (86/126) of the cases mainly showed pulmonary fibrotic nodules, dust plaque formation or carbon end deposition in pulmonary parenchyma. 16.7% (21/126) of the cases mainly showed welding smoke particle deposition in the alveolar cavity and lung interstitium while 15.1% (19/126) of the cases showed granulomas with fibrous tissue hyperplasia, alveolar protein deposition or giant cell interstitial pneumonia. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of residual dust components in the lung under scanning electron microscope were helpful for the diagnosis of welder's pneumoconiosis and hard metal lung disease. Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of lung biopsy tissue are important reference basis for the clinicopathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of occupational lung diseases. Recognizing the characteristic morphology and proper use of auxiliary examination are the key to an accurate diagnosis of occupational lung diseases on biopsy specimens.

Evaluación del proceso de decanulación en pacientes traqueostomizados en el Hospital Carlos van Buren: una cohorte retrospectiva / Evaluation of decannulation process in tracheotomized patients at Carlos van Buren Hospital: a retrospective cohort

RESUMEN Introducción: El proceso de decanulación consiste en la evaluación de las competencias de la vía aérea superior que conlleva al retiro definitivo de una cánula de traqueostomía. La predicción de su éxito resulta dificultosa debido al alto número de variables que la afectan. Para conseguir este objetivo, es fundamental contar con un protocolo adecuado a la institución de salud, que se sume a un manejo multidisciplinario. Objetivo: El objetivo propuesto fue evaluar el éxito de decanulación en los pacientes adultos del Hospital Carlos van Buren que siguieron el protocolo institucional. Material y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que se desarrolló durante el primer semestre del año 2016. Se evaluó el éxito de decanulación en pacientes adultos traqueostomizados que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La muestra final fue de 18 pacientes, de los cuales se obtuvieron datos de interés desde las historias clínicas y registros del servicio de medicina y rehabilitación. Resultados: De los 18 pacientes incluidos en el estudio ninguno cumplió con los criterios de ingreso al protocolo de decanulación institucional al momento de la evaluación inicial por el Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, requiriendo todos entrenamiento para aplicar dicho protocolo. Finalmente, un total de 15 pacientes lograron decanulación exitosa, requiriendo una mediana de 22 días de entrenamiento fonoaudiológico y kinesiológico. Conclusiones: Tras el entrenamiento terapéutico se logró 83% de éxito en la decanulación, lo que requirió un trabajo coordinado entre las diferentes disciplinas del servicio de medicina física y rehabilitación y del apoyo del servicio de otorrinolaringología. Se deberá revaluar el protocolo institucional para ajustarlo a la realidad local.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The decannulation process consist in the evaluation of the upper airways competences which carry the definite extraction of the traqueostomy cannula. The prediction of its success is difficult due to the high number of variables that affect it. In order to reach this goal, is fundamental to count with an adequate protocol of the health institution, which assumes the multidisciplinary management. Aim: The proposed goal was to evaluate the success of decannulation in adult patients of Carlos van Buren hospital who followed the institutional protocol. Material and method: The cohort retrospective study that developed during the first semester of 2016. The decannulation success was evaluated in adult patients tracheostomized who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The final sample was of 18 patients, of which were obtained data of interest from the clinical histories and register of the Medicine and Rehabilitation Service. Results: Of the 18 patients in this study none of them met the entry criteria of the institutional decannulation protocol at the time of the initial evaluation by the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, requiring all training in order to apply the protocol. Finally, a total of 15 patients achieved a successful decannulation requiring a median of 22 days of phonoaudiological and kinesiological training. Conclusions: After the therapeutic training it was achieved a 83% of success in decannulation, which required a coordinated work between the different disciplines of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service and the support of the Otorhinolaryngology Service. The institutional protocol should be evaluated to adjust it to the local reality.

Survey on a norovirus-borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant in a university of Guangzhou, 2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of a norovirus- borne outbreak caused by GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 in a university of Guangzhou to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategy on norovirus-caused epidemics. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect clinical information from the patients as well as other data related to the epidemic. Pathogen detections were performed through anal swab specimens from the patients, kitchen workers and samples from the environment. Positive samples were further sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. A case-control study was employed to identify the risk factors related to this outbreak. Results: A total of 226 cases of norovirus-borne infection were identified between September 17 and 21, 2017, including 223 students, with an attack rate of 0.73% (223/30 711), and 3 kitchen workers. Students staying in the A dormitory area had the highest attack rate (1.73%, 164/9 459). No clustering was found in different colleges or classes. Results from the case-control study revealed that people who ate at the canteen in A dormitory area during September 18 to 20 was at risk for the onset of illness (OR=10.75, 95%CI: 5.56-20.79). The highest risk was related to the dinner on September 18. Another significant risk factor (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 1.92-6.94) was close personal contact in the same room of the dorm. The 3 norovirus infected kitchen workers were all from the canteen in A dormitory area where the positive rate of norovirus identified in kitchen workers was 26.67% (12/45). Positive samples were sequenced and sub-typed with results showing that the GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant and the nucleotide sequences of cases and kitchen workers were 100% identical. Conclusions: The outbreak was caused by norovirus GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 variant at campus. Similar outbreaks had been seen since 2013, with the routes of transmission most likely due to food-borne or personal contact.

Importancia de una intervención psicoeducativa sobre sexualidad en mujeres sometidas a una histerectomía: una revisión de la literature / Importance of a psychoeducational intervention on sexuality in women undergoing a hysterectomy: a review of the literature

RESUMEN: La Histerectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos ginecológicos más frecuentes en el tratamiento de patologías uterinas. La literatura destaca al útero como un símbolo de identidad femenina y aunque existen diferencias individuales de afrontamiento, su extirpación puede causar alteraciones en la dimensión psicológica, física, social y sexual. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la importancia de una intervención psicoeducativa en mujeres ginecológicas histerectomizadas, para prevenir el riesgo potencial de presentar alteraciones emocionales y disfunciones sexuales post cirugía. METODOLOGÍA: Se revisaron 106 artículos originales de fuente primaria, en inglés, español, francés y portugués, publicados entre los años 2004 y 2016, en PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL, Ciber Index Cuiden, Lilacs, Elsevier y Scopus. RESULTADOS: El 100% de artículos reconocen en mujeres histerectomizadas, el riesgo de sufrir alteraciones emocionales y trastornos sexuales y el 61% reconoce, además la importancia de entregar educación sexual formal a la mujer y pareja, para prevenir trastornos sexuales, especialmente en histerectomizadas oncológicas, considerando intervinientes individuales y multidimensionales, temáticas de interés y capacitación de profesionales sanitarios en educación sexual. CONCLUSIONES: Una intervención psicoeducativa en la mujer y pareja, puede prevenir especialmente en histerectomizadas oncológicas la aparición de alteraciones emocionales y disfunciones sexuales, propiciar la recuperación física y emocional, un retorno a una vida sexual activa satisfactoria. Se sugieren estudios que comprueben la magnitud de esta intervención, para ser incorporada en un futuro al protocolo de atención de Garantías Explicitas en Salud en mujeres con cáncer cérvico uterino.

ABSTRACT: Hysterectomy is one of the most frequent gynecological surgical procedures in the treatment of uterine pathologies. Literature stands out uterus as a symbol of female identity and although there are individual differences in confronting, their extirpation can cause alterations in the psychological, physical, social and sexual dimensions. The objective of the study is to determine the importance of a psychoeducational intervention in hysterectomized gynecological women in order to prevent the potential risk of presenting emotional alterations and sexual dysfunctions after surgery. METHODOLOGY: 106 original articles of primary source in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese, published between 2004 and 2016, in PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL, Ciber Index Cuiden, Lilacs, Elsevier and Scopus were reviewed. RESULTS: 100% of articles recognize in hysterectomized women, the risk of suffering emotional alterations and sexual disorders, and 61% also recognize the importance of providing formal sexual education to women and partners in order to prevent sexual disorders, especially in oncological hysterectomized, considering individual and multidimensional interveners, topics of interest and training of health professionals in sexual education. CONCLUSIONS: A psychoeducational intervention in the woman and couple can prevent, especially in oncological hysterectomized, the appearance of emotional alterations and sexual dysfunctions, to propitiate the physical and emotional recovery, a return to an active satisfactory sexual life. Studies to prove the magnitude of this intervention are suggested in order to be incorporated in future to the care protocol for Explicit Health Guarantees in women with cervical cancer.

Técnica de preservación del volumen alveolar post-extracción utilizando hueso liofilizado y lámina ósea cortical / Preservation techniques of alveolar post-extraction volume using liophilisate bone and cortical bone sheets

Se evaluó la eficacia del hueso liofilizado humano (Matriz Ósea UNC en Polvo) injertado en cavidades alveolares post-extracción, recubierto por una lámina ósea cortical (Matriz Ósea UNC en membrana), en el tratamiento de preservación del perfil volumétrico del reborde alveolar.La metodología de trabajo se fundamentó en: 1) El estudio de una casuística de 27 casos clínicos en pacientes de ambos sexos que poseían elementos dentarios unirradiculares con indicación de extracción. Se injertó en las cavidades óseas resultantes hueso liofilizado, contenido in situ mediante una lámina ósea cortical parcialmente desmineralizada. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínica y radiográficamente, mediante modelos de estudio, Rx convencional y radiovisiografía que permitieron mensurar las modificaciones producidas por resorción durante un año. Se realizaron controles pre y post-operatorios, a los 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 y 360 días. A los modelos de yeso preliminares y a los obtenidos a los 120 y 360 días se les efectuaron cortes transversales en las zonas de estudio y se los escaneó. Las imágenes obtenidas se procesaron mediante un analizador de imágenes (Image Pro-Plus). Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente con software específico (SPSS). El estudio demostró que las mayores modificaciones dimensionales del reborde se observaron sobre el área superficial del alvéolo y en los primeros 4 meses post-extracción. La lámina cortical presentó características físicas, estructurales y biológicas que le permitieron actuar como barrera física oclusiva, minimizando los fenómenos de inhibición celular heterotípica y favoreciendo los procesos osteogénicos por el mecanismo de osteopromoción...

Human efficacy lyophilized bone (UNC Bone Matrix Powder) grafted post-extraction alveolar sacs, covered by a cortical bone plate (UNC Bone Matrix membrane), in the treatment volume preservation ridge profile was evaluated. The working methodology was based on: 1) The study of a case series of 27 clinical cases in patients of both sexes who had single-rooted tooth elements indicating extraction. It was grafted bone cavities in the resulting lyophilized bone content in situ by a partially demineralized cortical bone plate. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically, using study models, and conventional Rx radiovisiography that allowed mensurar resorption induced changes for a year. Pre and post-operative controls at 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 days were performed. A preliminary plaster models and those obtained at 120 and 360 days transects were conducted in the study areas and were scanned. The images obtained were processed by an image analyzer (Image Pro-Plus). The data were statistically analyzed with software (SPSS) .The study showed that older flange dimensional changes were observed on the surface area of the alveoli and in the first 4 months post-extraction. The cortical sheet submitted physical, structural, and biological characteristics that allowed him to act as occlusive physical barrier, minimizing heterotypic cellular inhibition phenomena and processes favoring osteogenic mechanism osteopromoción...

Nkx-2.3 gene in mouse epidemial maturation

In higher vertebrates, from amphibians to humans, epidemial maturation is a conserved developmental process. Using adult epidemial tissue and an established keratinocyte cell line, the mouse Nkx-2.3 homeobox gene was demonstrated, for the first time, to be expressed in mouse epidermal keratinocytes. Under the normal culture condition, the spontaneous aggregation phenomenon, a common initiation step of ES cell differentiation, and the induction of mouse adult K1 keratin, a marker of mature epidermal keratinocytes, were both observed in vitro when the Xenopus Nkx-2.3 gene was stably transfected into a mouse pluripotent P19 EC cell line. The induction of mouse K1 keratin by using its Xenopus orthologous gene in the mouse P19 cell implies that Nkx-2.3 may play a conserved role in the epidermal maturation of the mouse, as it does in that of the frog (Ma, 2004). However, the CAT assay study on frog adult keratin promoter could not find the induction of adult keratin. This implies there might not be a direct activation of its promoter.

Parásitos del tapir centroamericano Tapirus bairdii (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) en Chiapas, México / Parasites of the Central American tapir Tapirus bairdii (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) in Chiapas, Mexico

We analyzed 19 samples of Baird's tapir feces from La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, collected between March and July 1999. We also took samples directly from a male tapir captured at the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve. Both reserves are in Chiapas, Mexico. We used five techniques: flotation, MacMaster, micrometric, Ritchie's sedimentation and Ferreira's quantitative. In addition, we collected ectoparasites from animals captured in both reserves and from a captive couple from Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas. These nematodes and protozoans were found: Agriostomun sp., Lacandoria sp., Neomurshidia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Strongylus sp., Brachylumus sp, and an unidentified species of ancilostomaide. We also found Eimeria sp. and Balantidium coli, as well as the mites Dermacentor halli, Dermacentor latus, Amblyomma cajannense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Anocentor nitens and Ixodes bicornis.

Se recolectaron 19 muestras de excretas del tapir centroamericano (Tapirus bairdii) en la Reserva “La Sepultura” (marzo a julio de 1999), así como un muestreo directo a un tapir macho de la Reserva “Montes Azules” (Chiapas, México). Se analizaron con cinco técnicas (flotación, MacMaster, micrometría, sedimentación de Ritchie y cuantitativa de Ferreira). Además se recolectaron muestras en piel de animales capturados en en las dos reservas y en una pareja de zoológico proveniente de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Se hallaron nematodos y protozoarios: Agriostomun sp., Lacandoria sp., Neomurshidia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Strongylus sp., Brachylumus sp., y un ancilostomaideo aun por identificar. Además se informa la presencia de Eimeria sp., y Balantidium coli. Los ácaros hallados fueron; Dermacentor halli, Dermacentor latus, Amblyomma cajannense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Anocentor nitens e Ixodes bicornis.

Concentraciones sanguíneas de zinc en embarazadas con partos prematuros / Embarrassed sanguineous zinc concentrations in with premature childbirths

con el objetivo de evaluar la relación entre el comportamiento del zinc durante el embarazo y algunas variables estudiadas en embarazadas que tuvieron partos prematuros, se hizo un estudio de corte trasversal en 60 gestantes cuyos hijos nacieron entre las semanas 27 y 36, en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La concentración media del metal y su error estándar fueron 7,33 ± 0,23 mg/L; no se observó una correlación entre los valores encontrados y la edad gestacional. Las gestantes sanas tuvieron una concentración media de zinc de 7,20 ± 0,25 mg/L, la cual fue significativamente menor que la de quienes tuvieron niños con crecimiento restringido, p = 0,03, pero similar a la de las que sufrieron hipertensión inducida, embarazos múltiples, fetos malformados o recibieron esteroides para la maduración pulmonar fetal. El percentil 75 de la curva de valores del zinc se estableció en 8,6 mg/L, y quienes se ubicaron por encima del mismo tuvieron un número significativamente mayor de fetos de sexo femenino, p = 0,011, y una tendencia no significativa a tener más fetos con restricción del crecimiento, p = 0,07. Las ubicadas por debajo del percentil 25, o sea de 6,2 mg/L, mostraron también tendencias no significativas a un número mayor de embarazos gemelares, p = 0,05 y de fetos malformados, p = 0,08. Los hallazgos de la muestra estudiada sugieren que puede existir asociación entre las concentraciones de zinc y efectos fetales importantes que se deben verificar en estudios posteriores que incluyan poblaciones mayores. Es llamativa la relación entre un zinc materno alto y el sexo femenino del feto, la cual podría estar indicando el efecto de factores hormonales específicos.Palabras claves: zinc, embarazo, parto prematuro.

predominance of integrative tests over discrete point tests in evaluating the medical students' general English knowledge

Multiple choice tests are the most common type of test used in evaluating the general English knowledge of the students in most medical universities, however the efficacy of these tests are not examined precisely. We compare and examine the integrative tests and discrete point tests as measures of the English language knowledge of medical students. Three tests were given to 60 undergraduate physiotherapy and Audiology students in their second year of study [after passing their general English course]. They were divided into 2 groups. The first test of both groups was an integrative test, writing. The second test was a multiple - choice test of prepositions for group one and a multiple - choice test of tenses for group two. The same items which were most frequently used wrongly in the first test were used in the items of the second test. A third test, a TOEFL, was given to the subjects in order to estimate the correlation between this test and test one and two. The students performed better in the second test, discrete point test rather than the first which was an integrative test. The same grammatical mistakes in the composition were used correctly in the multiple choice tests by the students. Our findings show that students perform better in non-productive rather than productive test. Since being competent English language user is an expected outcome of university language courses it seems warranted to switch to integrative tests as a measure of English language competency