Exposición a la violencia de pareja: comprensiones desde su naturalización en hombres y mujeres colombianos / Exposure to partner violence: understanding its naturalization in Colombian men and women

ABSTRACT Objetivo Evaluar si las representaciones sociales sobre violencia de pareja se relacionan con su naturalización. Material y Métodos Estudio exploratorio, mediante cuestionario, con participación de 731 hombres y mujeres en unión marital vigente. Resultados El 82% reporta haber sufrido violencia de su pareja. De este grupo el 51% se reconoce como víctima. El grupo que no reporta haber sufrido episodios violentos muestra una puntuación media inferior en la aceptación de los mitos en comparación con los grupos que reportan haber padecido violencia, se reconozcan o no como víctimas. Al relacionar el grado de acuerdo de los mitos con variables sociodemográficas, se obtiene una correlación significativa con el nivel de educación (r=-0,283; p<0.000). Este puntaje tiene una correlación significativa con violencia psicológica (r=0.194; p<0.001) y física. Conclusiones Los resultados no son concluyentes puesto que no todos los mitos incluidos en esta investigación se relacionan directamente con procesos de naturalización de la violencia. No obstante, se constituye en un avance de conocimiento por las trazas de naturalización de la violencia encontradas respecto a los factores culturales, sociales y familiares que facilitan la reproducción de las relaciones asimétricas entre hombres y mujeres. Asimismo, el nivel de desacuerdo con los mitos se reconoce como factor protector.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess if social representations of couples' violence are related to its naturalization. Material and Methods Exploratory study through a questionnaire with the participation of 731 men and women in a valid marital union. Results 82% report having suffered violence from their partner. Of this group, 51% are recognized as a victim. The group that does not report having suffered violent episodes, shows a lower average score in the acceptance of the myths compared to the group that report having suffered violence, whether they are or not recognized as victims. By relating the degree of agreement of the myths with sociodemographic variables, a significant correlation is obtained with the level of education (r=-0.283, p<0.000). This score has a significant correlation with psychological (r=0.194; p<0.001) and physical violence. Conclusion The results are not conclusive because not all the myths included in this research are directly related to processes of naturalisation of violence. However, it constitutes an advance in knowledge due to the traces of naturalisation of violence found with respect to cultural, social and family factors that facilítate the reproduction of asymmetric relationships between men and women. Likewise, the level of disagreement with the myths is recognised as a protective factor.

Clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma cases presented to Chest Department, Cairo University in the last 10 years

Introduction: Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in males in 2008 globally

Aim of the work: To evaluate the clinico-pathological profile of the bronchogenic carcinoma cases in the Chest Department, Cairo University

Patients and methods: Retrospective study was carried out in the Chest Department, Cairo University, in which four hundred and four confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were admitted during July 2002 till July 2012. Data regarding demographics, smoking, histology, clinical presentation, radiographic findings are reported

Results: Our study included 404 confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Male to female ratio was 4.6:1. The highest incidence was in the sixth and seventh decades of life [63.6%]. Smoking was found to be the main risk factor in 75.7% of patients. Cough was the most common symptom found in 347 patients [85.9%], followed by dyspnea in 276 patients [68.3%]. Most common radiological finding was mass lesion [49.8%]. Majority of cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy [68.1%]. Four types of bronchogenic carcinoma were found: squamous cell carcinoma 37.4% adenocarcinoma 29.5%, small cell carcinoma 14.9%, large cell carcinoma 7.2% and undifferentiated carcinoma 11.1%. In females, adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type [54.2%] while in males, squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant cell type [42.5%]

Conclusion: Bronchogenic carcinoma is more frequent beyond the middle age. Smoking is still the major risk factor. Adenocarcinoma is more common in females and was the most frequent tumor in non-smokers, while in males, squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant cell type

WHO/INRUD patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to measure the performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators. In a cross-sectional study, 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. A total of 300 patients were interviewed while visiting the centre from January to March 2011 and 10 pharmacists from the same centres were interviewed. Average consultation time was 7.3 min [optimal >/-30 min], percentage of drugs adequately labelled was 10% [optimal 100%] and patient's knowledge of correct dosage was 79.3% [optimal 100%]. The percentage of key drugs in stock was only 59.2% [optimal 100%]. An overall index of rational facility-specific drug use was calculated and applied to rank the health centres for benchmarking

Prevalence of microscopic colitis in patients with chronic diarrhea in Egypt: a single-center study

Microscopic colitis [MC] is diagnosed when a patient with chronic watery non-bloody diarrhea [CWND] has an endoscopically normal colon, but colonic biopsies show unique inflammatory changes characteristic of lymphocytic or collagenous colitis. MC is a disorder of unknown etiology. Studies comparing the prevalence of the disease in developing countries as compared to developed countries may shed more light on the possibility of a post-infectious etiology. Most data on the incidence and prevalence of MC are from developed countries where it accounts for 4-13% of cases of CWND. There are only a few reports from developing countries. Two studies from Peru and Tunis, with high prevalence of infectious gastroenteritis, revealed MC in 40% and 29.3% of cases of CWND, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MC in patients presenting with CWND in Egypt. A total of 44 patients with CWND of unexplained etiology who had undergone full colonoscopy with no macroscopic abnormalities between January 2000 and January 2010 were assessed retrospectively. The histological appearance of MC was identified in 22 [50%] patients. Twelve [55%] patients were male and 10 [45%] female. Mean age was 40 years [range: 20-65 years]. Twenty [91%] of MC cases had lymphocytic colitis and 2 [9%] had collagenous colitis. The prevalence of MC in Egyptian patients with CWND is high when compared to that in developed countries. MC mainly affects young and middle-aged patients and it is more commonly of the lymphocytic type

Major airway obstruction as a cause of chest wheezes

Asthma is a disorder characterized by narrowing of airways which is reversible with time either spontaneously or as a result of treatment. Asthma presents mainly with dyspnea wheezes and or cough which are mainly nocturnal. Many diseases can either mimic or worsen asthma. Patients are often subjected to full anti-asthma therapy without improvement. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible causes of chest wheezes rather than bronchospasm. Our study included 50 patients [25 in pediatric age group and 25 in adult age group]. They were all having longstanding wheezy chest with failure to respond to the usual anti-asthma medications. All the patients were subjected to thorough history taking with special emphasis on foreign body inhalation especially in the children's group; complete general as well as local examination; chest radiology; routine laboratory investigations and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Our results showed that the commonest cause among all patients was laryngotracheomalacia present in 13 patients. The second most common cause was inhaled neglected foreign body in 9 cases, 8 children and one adult with history of foreign body inhalation at age of 10. The third common cause was malignant neoplasm in 6 adult cases. In conclusion when a patient presents with persistent or recurrent wheezing and the typical features of asthma are lacking, other causes for noisy breathing should be considered and one must be very careful in order not to miss another etiology. In childhood laryngotracheomalacia and foreign body inhalation are the commonest while in adults we should think in malignant obstruction. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy are essential tools for investigating these patients

sub-deltoid versus intra-peritoneal implantation of canine macro-capsule allogenic amniotic membrane; assessment of rejection and neo vascularization

Aim: pancreatic islets encapsulation is an alternative for using the immuno-suppression to prevent rejection. We used the amniotic membrane as a macro-capsulation. The main objective was to assess the re-vascularization of the allogenic amniotic membrane macro capsule in different sites to ensure the islet viability when using it for encapsulation

Methods: 30 amniotic membranes macro capsules were implanted in 15 dogs in two different sites; in the sub-deltoid shoulder region and in a piggy bag pouch in the recipient peritoneal cavity under general anesthesia. The capsules are removed after day 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30 and 60 days. All the capsules are subjected to histo-pathological examination and immuno-histochemistry for neo-vascularization using VEGF, Factor VIII and CD4, CD8 for detection of rejection

Results: all specimens showed inflammation and congested blood vessels with no thrombosis or rejection. VEGF expression and Factor VIII were increased; neo-vascularization associated with vascular invasion but no inflammatory cells of acute rejection. CD4 and CD8 showed mild rejection

Conclusion: the implantation of the amniotic sac macro capsule was fixed nicely within the omental tissue and the sub-deltoid region with minimal or no sign of rejection. Our results should help the clinical application of using this capsule as an immuno-isolator for pancreatic islets transplantation

Reconstruction of neglected rupture of patellar tendon by bone-patellar tendon-bone autogenous graft a new technique

In this study, four patients were identified and managed for neglected rupture of patellar tendon. A new technique was offered by using a bone patellar tendon-bone autogenous graft from the contralateral knee to reconstruct chronic patellar tendon ruptures. The grafts were fixed with screws proximally and distally and supplemented with a cerclage wire running above the superior pole of the patella to one of the distal tibial screws to decrease tension at the graft during the healing phase. The remnants of the ruptured tendon were sutured to the graft for augmentation. The results of this new technique were satisfactory and encouraging after a follow up period averaged 4.5 years. The several advantages of this technique were discussed

Screening of high yielding wheat genotypes for callusing ability under NaCl stressed conditions in vitro

Twenty-eight high yielding advanced lines of bread and durum wheat genotypes were screened for their callusing ability under NaCl stressed conditions in vitro. The screening was performed through culturing wheat root explants on callus-induction medium supplied with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and increasing levels of NaCl. The tolerant genotypes were then identified according to their ability to initiate and maintain callus growth on such medium. The wheat genotypes were also evaluated for their ability to initiate callus under unstressed conditions. Results showed that the bread wheat genotypes expressed better callusing ability than the durum ones, genotypes average% callusing was 58% and 22% for the bread and durum wheat, respectively. The callus of bread wheat genotypes also expressed better tolerance to salinity as reflected by their ability to induce callus on media supplied with increasing NaCl concentrations. Among the 14 bread wheat genotypes screened, genotypes ACSAD 921 and 949 were able to maintain 41 and 51% callus on such a high NaCl level, respectively and therefore, were considered highly tolerant. In particular ACSAD 921 showed good callusing ability under both stressed and unstressed conditions. On the other hand, the bread wheat genotypes Towpe and ACSAD 947 were identified as extremely sensitive to salt where no callus growth could be observed at high NaCl concentrations. The callus of the other bread wheat genotypes showed variation in their tolerance levels ranging from slightly sensitive to moderately tolerant. As for the durum wheat genotypes, genotype ACSAD 1031 had the highest relative salt tolerance being able to maintain 43% of its callus on medium supplied with 1.5% NaCl. Others showed moderate degree of tolerance such as genotypes ACSAD 1071, Cham1/brachua and Haurani, while Youssef-1 was slightly tolerant. All other examined durum genotypes were very sensitive and showed no callus growth at 1.5% NaCl

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and cytokeratin as Potential markcrs of disease activity in the Egyptian pattern of chronic hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C [ch.HCV] and schistosomal hepatic fibrosis or both as a mixed hepatic lesion [MHL] are among the most common causes of endemic chronic hepatic disease in Egypt. Adhesion molecules especially ICAM-1 play an important role in inflammatory and immunological responses of chronic liver disease. Cytokeratin 18 [CK-18], although normally expressed in hepatic tissue, yet it is altered during chronic inflammatory hepatic lesions. This work was planned to study ICAM-1 as expressed in hepatic tissue in the different grades of the disease activity, in relation to its circulating levels in patients sera, and to evaluate the level of CK-18 expression in relation to the different grades of chronic inflammation and stages of fibrosis in the examined liver biopsies. The material for this study comprised 33 patients [17 ch.HCV and 16 MHL]. Seven cases, that proved to have nearly normal serological data and insignificant histopathological hepatic features, were considered as controls. All patients were assessed for HCV serological markers as well as serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 [sICAM-1] by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent. Assay [ELISA]. Liver needle biopsy specimens were processed and assessed for the histopathological grade of the disease activity and stage of fibrosis of the hepatic lesion. Tissue expression of ICAM-1 and CK-18 was detected using immunohistochemical techniques. Our results revealed significantly higher levels of serum sICAM-1 in both ch.HCV and MHL groups compared to controls [p<0.01]. Meanwhile, higher levels of sICAM-1 were recorded in the MHL cases relative to ch.HCV cases. ICAM-1 expression was not detected in any of the control cases, while it was positively expressed in all ch. HCV and MHL cases, with a higher score recorded in the later group [P>0.001 compared to the control group]. ICAM-1 expression was detected mainly within the sinusoidal cells [endothelial and Kupffer cells], hepatocytes, mononuclear inflammatory cells and vascular endothehail cells in portal areas. On classifying patients according to their grades of active inflammation and stages of fibrosis, higher scores of ICAM-1 expression within the hepatic tissue were recorded in cases with more active inflammatory grades and higher fibrotic stages. On the other hand, serum of ICAM-1 levels though were significantly elevated in patients with higher grades of inflammatory activity yet, they were decreased in patients with higher fibrotic stages. CK18 expression was mainly detected within hepatocytes of the periportal areas [in a combined membranous and intracytoplasmic pattern], as well as within the bile ducts epithelium in the portal areas. Over expression of CKI 8 was detected in both the ch.HCV and MHL groups [p<0.001 relative to controls], but the expression scores were higher in the MHL group. From these results we may conclude that MHL is a more aggressive and active chronic inflammatory hepatic disease than ch.HCV alone. Also, serum levels of sICAM-1 as well as hepatic expression of both ICAM-1 and CK-18 are related to the degree of disease activity, which may point out to the possibility of using serum sICAM-1 levels as well as the expression scores of hepalic ICAM-1 and CK-18 as efficient tools for monitoring the disease activity in ch. HCV and MHL patients. While ICAM-1 expression in tissue could be used as indicator for the stage of fibrosis in those patients also recommend that both ICAM-1 in serum andhepatic tissue could be used for monitoring the effect of therapy on the studied pattern of chronic hepatitis C

Management of acute tibial diaphyseal fractures with interlocking nailing using unreamed technique

In this study, three types of nails were used [Richards Russel and Taylor, Biomet-Klemm and Schellman and Orthofix] in treating acute diaphyseal tibial fractures in 22 adult patients. Unreamed interlocking nails have some advantages; they cause a less thermal and mechanical impairment of cortical and medullary cavity circulation. Union rate was 100%, which was superior to the reported results with the reaming techniques. The statistical results revealed that there was a significant relation between the age of the patient and the time needed for fracture union. The Orthofix nail with its distal aiming device reduced both the surgical and irradiation exposure times

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C related chronic liver disease

Intercellular adhesion molecule-l [ICAM-1] is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. It is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates lymphocyte adhesion to endothelium, extravasation and adhesion to hepatocytes, which constitute important steps in liver inflammation due to chronic viral hepatitis. Its expression can be induced by inflammatory cytokines in a wide variety of cells, including: hepatocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells at the sites of inflammation or in the circulation. sICAM-1 represents the extracellular portion of the intact molecule of ICAM-1 and is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the cell membrane. Therefore, serum levels of sICAM-1 may be a useful marker for immune activation and inflammatory processes. We measured serum sICAM-1 in patients with HCV [n = 39] and uninfected controls [n = 10]. sICAM-1 levels were found to be significantly elevated [p<0.001] in HCV infected patients compared to uninfected controls. When sICAM-1 levels were correlated with liver function tests in the patients, there was a significant correlation between sICAM-1 and serum ALT levels [p<0.001] and AST levels [p <0.05]. Similarly, there was a significant correlation between sICAM-1 levels and the grades of liver inflammation [r = 0.52, p<0.05]. When the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the pathologic findings, there was a significant correlation between serum levels of sICAM-1 and the grades of liver inflammation in the group of chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis [r = 0.85, p<0.001], and the group of chronic hepatitis with active cirrhosis [p < 0.05] but not in the group with chronic hepatitis and established cirrhosis

Management of acute and delayed slipped capital femoral epiphysis by percutaneous pinning

Fifteen patients [12 males and 3 females] ranging in age from 13 to 15 years with a mean of 13.5 years had underwent percutaneous pinning for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Ten patients were admitted with a post-traumatic acute slipping of their femoral epiphysis and 5 were presented and diagnosed as chronic cases. Out of the 15 cases, 3 cases had bilateral slips [18 hips]. The clinical criteria and radiological parameters were used to grade the results. In the acute slipping group, 90% were rated as excellent and in the delayed slipping group only 50% were rated as excellent. Complications were few and recommendations to minimize the complication rate were discussed

Unreamed interlocking nail for management of recent diaphyseal tibial fractures

Different methods were described for treatment of closed and open fractures of the tibial diaphysis, yet each method has its own pros and cons. Interlocking tibial nails had proved to be an effective and superior to other methods of fixation of the tibial shaft with the lowest rate of complications. Unreamed interlocking nails had advantages in that they cause less thermal and mechanical impairment of cortical and medullary cavity circulation. In this study, 3 types of nails were used [Richard's Russell and Taylor, Biomet-Klemm and Schellman, and Orthofix] without reaming in 22 patients. The Orthofix nail with its distal aiming device reduced both the surgical and the irradiation exposure times. There was 100% union rate, this was superior to the reported results with the reaming techniques. Statistical results revealed that there was significant relation between age of the patient and time needed for fracture union, and that the distal aiming device technique took significantly shorter operative time than free hand technique

Maquet dome osteotomy, and abrasion arthroplasty in unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis

Fifteen cases underwent Maquet "Dome shaped" osteotomy for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity. The average age was 46.4 years. The procedure was accompanied by abrasion arthroplasty in six cases. Different types of external fixators were used among the procedure. The preoperative planning, operative technique, results and complications were discussed concentrating on the advantages of the used technique in comparison to other procedures

Surgical management of habitual dislocation of the patella

In this study, 12 patients were surgically managed for habitual dislocation of their patellae. The surgical approach started by lateral retinacular release, an oblique incision of the anterolateral aspect of vastus lateralis, a release of any abnormal attachments of the iliotibial b and and distolateral advancement of the vastus medialis muscle [a new approach]. Other procedures can be added when required as a release of vastus intermedius or lengthening of the rectus femoris. This research stressed on the importance of the differentiation between habitual dislocation of the patella and recurrent or permanent dislocation

submucous cholecystectomy for acute calcular cholecystitis

The submucous cholecystectomy a definite, safe and easy operation that removes the gallbladder except part of the muscular coat in contact with the liver, is proposed for acute on top of chronic calcular cholecystitis with hydrops/empyema, when dissection in Calot's triangle is hazardous. Histological examination of the excised gallbladder specimens, using both the routine hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains, proved the presence of a definite plane of cleavage. This plane of cleavage between the acutely inflamed, edematous and hemorrhagic mucosa and the rest of the gallbladder wall exists at the level of the superficial submucosa. The inflammatory edema creates a sort of a potential space making blunt surgical dissection in this plane easy and bloodless

carcinogenic nitrosamine and nucleic acids content in rat liver and some related enzymes

The carcinogenic nitrosamine inhibited DNA and RNA content in liver tissues of rat. It also inhibited DNase, endonuclease, nuclease, RNase A and RNase T1 in liver tissues from 1, 3, 6 and 9 - month-old rats. This inhibition decreased on adding soybean flour to the rat diet