Most common body parts infected with scabies in children and its control

Scabies a skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei is common in Pakistan and spreads mostly where there is frequent skin to skin contact. In the present study children belonging to four age groups 0-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years attending Baqai Institute and Hospital Gadap from June-September 2013 were examined. The association between scabies of different human parts and age for boys was significant [p<0.01], while for girls it was highly significant [p<0.001]. The most frequent body parts infected with scabies lesions were hands, head and feet. Oral ivermectin was effective antiscabietic for children as it was easy to administer and had good patient acceptability

Dengue fever; a clinical experience

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-born viral illness in the world. Clinically dengue ranges from asymptomatic, non-febrile illness, classic dengue to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. This study was included 79 patients conducted at Nawaz Sharif Social Sevurity Hospital, Lahore during the epidemic of dengue in Lahore from September 2011 to Dec 2011. Twenty out of 79 patients suspected of dengue fever were dengue IgM positive. Male to female ratio was 1.19: 1. Our study included 79 patients suspected of having dengue fever. Fever was the most common symptom in these patients. Early identification of dengue with risk of developing hemorrhage is an important clinical objective. The morbidity and mortality can be reduced by appropriate and judicious treatment of dengue patients

Determination of a proper covering material for fixture-abutment microleakage evaluation using radiotracers and gamma-counter; a pilot study

Radioisotopes adhere to any surface in which they come in contact. Covering the sample surface with a suitable material prior to submersion and isolation of the material before counting make it possible to evaluate the penetrating radioisotopes within the interfacial area. The aim of this study was to determine a suitable material to cover implant and abutment in evaluation of microleakage in implant-abutment interface using radiotracers and gamma counter. In this in vitro study, 46 samples were selected and categorized into two groups. The first group consisted of implant samples with covered surfaces using Replace implant replica and impression coping closed tray with putty coverage, nailbrush and putty-super glue with 1 mm distance to the border of impression copingimplant analogue interface. The second group included non-implant samples made up of putty, autopolymerizing acrylic resin, and nailbrush. This group was used for evaluation of adherence levels of the radioisotopes. Microleakage test was performed with thallium-201 and gamma counting in three phases: 1] after removing samples from thallium solution, 2] after washout of samples, and 3] after removing covering materials. In order to compare penetration of radioisotopes within the samples analysis of co-variance was carried out. There were statistically significant differences between three phases of gamma counting and between samples in different implant groups. Microleakage of implant-putty-glue was significantly less than that of implantputty [217343.40 +/- 86007.926]. Similarly, implant-putty showed a significantly less microleakage than implantnailbrush. [313247.20 +/- 67933.031]. The best material among the ones considered in this study turned to be putty sealed by super glue. Contrarily, nailbrush was not considered suitable due to increased microleakage

[Increased prevalence of depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome]

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS], the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, has a prevalence of 6 to 7 percent. Previous studies have shown that depressive mood disorders in this group is more than other women of similar ages. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of depression in this group to women without the condition

Materials and Methods: In these cross-sectional analytic study, 71 patients with PCOS diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria, were selected after an initial survey conducted to determine demographic characteristic, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reproductive status, following which the Beck 2 depression questionnaire was used to assess depression in both groups. The study of 134 of PCOS and controls

Results: The average Beck 2 score number in patients was 16.01[ +/- 10.8] and in the control group was 11.56 [ +/- 8.8], p-value=0.003, which was statistically significant. Frequency of moderate to severe depressed mood based on Beck 2 criteria in the patient group was 23 [32.4%] and in the control group was 19 [14.2%], difference statistically significant, p-value=0.002

Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in patients with PCOS is more than in normal women, and should be kept in mind in the follow up of these patients

Effects of mating sex ratios in Indian peafowl [Pavo cristatus] on production performance at Wildlife Research Institute, Faisalabad [Pakistan]

Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigated at Punjab Wildlife Research Institute, Gatwala Faisalabad. Research was conducted from May through August 2007 to explore the most productive mating sex ratio. The sex ratios have a significant effect on egg production

Maximum mean eggs [1.63] were produced by the sex ratio 1:2 while maximum egg fertility [79.63%] and hatchability [61.59%] was noted in the sex ratio 1:3. Sex ratios had a significant effect on egg weight

Sex ratios have shown no effect [except number of mountings] on courtship behavior of peafowl. Statistically less feed was consumed by sex ratio 1:3 and better feed conversion was shown by sex ratio 1:1?

Survey of some planktonic insect larvae and naiad found at Chiliya Bund

Aquatic insects, their naiads and larvae were investigated from Chiliya Bund during 2006-2007. Total three types of larvae and naiad were recorded for the first time. The reported larvae were Tanytarsus and Chaoborus [Diptera], and naiad of May-fly [Ephemeroptera] was found abundantly

Complications of pre-term infants in the neonatal unit

To assess the complications of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit and compare that with those faced by preterm infants in western neonatal intensive care unit. A prospective comparative study. This study was conducted at Paediatrics Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahorefrom 1[st] December 1997 to 30[th] November 1998. All neonates delivered before 37 weeks and admitted to the neonatal Intensive care unit [NICU, SZH] were included in the study. It was a prospective study conducted over a period of one year from 1[st] December 1997 to 30[th] November 1998. The study population included 170 preterm neonates. For the purpose of study, these infants were divided into three gestational age groups i.e. < 30 weeks gestational age, 30 to 35 weeks gestational age, and > 35 weeks gestational age. These neonates were then prospectively followed till discharge from NICU. Out of the 170 preterm infants admitted to NICU, 128 infants survived and were discharged under stable conditions, while 42 infants expired. Maximum number of complications and highest mortality i.e. 87% was seen among the most premature group, i.e. below 30 weeks gestational age. Mortality in the gestational age group 30 to 35 weeks was 43%, while it was 9% in the gestational group >35 weeks

Epidemiological pattern of acne lesions

To study the epidemiological patterns of different lesions of Acne Vulgaris according to different parameters. Out patient department of Dermatology of DHQ Hospital, and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Case descriptive study. [May 2007 to March 2008]. 100 consecutive cases of Acne irrespective of age and sex, presenting in the outdoor and diagnosed by an FCPS Dermatologist were enrolled. The detailed clinical examination and history alongwith other data regarding age, sex, marital status, menstrual problems, skin type, the nature and distribution of lesions were entered on a questionnaire specially designed for this purpose. The teenagers [61%] were having more acne specially females [59%], more in unmarried [85%]. The people with oily skin [82%] were suffering more. Menstrual problems showed a significant [P< 0.01] role

Intravenous maternal hydration in third trimester oligohydramnios: effect on amniotic fluid volume

To determine the affect of acute intravenous maternal hydration on amniotic fluid volume in patients with third trimester oligohydramnios. Quasi experimental study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit III, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from May 2001 to April 2002. Twenty-five women with third trimester oligohydramnios [API

unusual case of bilateral maxillary and mandibular supernumerary teeth

The presence of supernumerary teeth is not uncommon in the general population and it occurs more frequently in individuals with such familial history. However, it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in isolated cases with no other associated disease or syndrome. No report of bilateral maxillary and mandibular supernumeraries that are located distal to the third molars such as our case is known. These supernumerary teeth may have harmful effect on the permanent dentition if not removed. A case with five bilateral maxillary and mandibular supernumeraries is reported in this study. These teeth were removed in four sessions under local anesthesia

histopathological audit of thyroid surgical specimens

This study was conducted to see the frequency of different morphological lesions encountered in surgically excised thyroid glands. Descriptive cross sectional study. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore during a 2-year period commencing from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2006. All thyroid surgical specimens referred from the four major Surgical Units of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, to the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, during a 2-year period [2005-2006]. Specimens from both sexes and all age groups were included in this study. Results: A total of 662 thyroid specimens were examined histologically. They constituted of 588 specimens [88.82%] from females and 74 specimens [11.17%] from males. The commonest lesion was Colloid Goiter [diffuse and multinodular] constituting 434 cases [65.55%]. Next in frequency were tumours [benign and malignant] constituting 151 cases [22.80%]. Benign tumours comprised of 113 cases [74.83%] and malignant constituted 38 cases [25.16%] out of 151 thyroid tumours. Follicular adenoma was the commonest tumour constituting of 108 cases [71.52%] followed by Papillary carcinoma constituting 27 cases [17.88%]. Other non-neoplastic thyroid lesions included diffuse hyperplasia [3.62%], thyroiditis [2.26%], hyperplastic nodules [1.35%], colloid nodules [1.20%], completion thyroidectomy specimens [1.05%], colloid cysts [0.90%], colloid goiters with associated hyperplastic changes [0.60%], goiters with thyroiditis [0.45%] and a single case of dyshormonogenetic goiter [0.15%]. Colloid goiter is the commonest lesion of the thyroid gland in both sexes and is the commonest cause of an enlarged thyroid gland. This is followed by Follicular adenoma which is the commonest benign tumour of the thyroid. Papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumour seen in all age groups with a predominance in females

study of non spinal, extra articular, osseous tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore Pakistan

The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis has increased tremendously during the present decade and is expected to rise further. A prospective study of 21 patients with osseous tuberculosis was carried out in orthopaedic department unit - I Mayo Hospital, Lahore.The diagnosis was made by physical examination, mantoux and mycodot test, haematological examination, culture [Pus, Urine, Sputum] X-rays of involved area, bone scan and MRI. The patient were discharged on chemotherapy and were advised to visit for follow up for one year on monthly basis for initial four months. Out of 21 patients 19 completed their follow up while 2 were lost during follow up. All patients completed their treatment. Young females in the age group of 10-20 years [66.6%] suffered from the disease more frequently than the other age groups and the male to female ratio was found to be 1:1.6

Applications and complications of polyurethane stenting in urology

As surgeons working in a developing country, we decided to review our experience with polyurethane stents instead of the more expensive ones on common urological procedures and analyzing our experience with respect to their usefulness versus their problems and outcome. This stusy was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Cantonment, Pakistan through March 2002 through May 2004. During this period 342 of patients were operated requiring stent and 220 patients out of these had polyurethane as stent material for different urological operations. Among the 220 patients who underwent polyurethane stenting, early complications included fever, infection, voiding symptoms while stent migration, encrustation and stent stiffness was encountered as later complications. The benefits of Polyurethane stents are its strength, versatility and low cost. Poor biodurability and biocompatibility only limit its use; these are reasonably effective in our setup but should only be used for short duration

Characteristic features of 50 NAFLD patients

Objective: To note characteristic features of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] diagnosed on ultrasound basis

Design: Descriptive

Place and duration of study DHQ Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to June 2003

Materials and Methods: Fifty NAFLD patients diagnosed on ultrasonographic findings were inducted consecutively. Patients with conditions associated with secondary NAFLD were excluded. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of each patient was done to note presence or absence of obesity, hepatomegaly, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and diabetes mellitus. Obtained data was analyzed using statistical program, SPSS version 10

Results: Of the 50, 54% were female and 46% male. Mean patient age was 42.78 +/- 12.29 years. 66% patients were obese, 56% had hepatomegaly, 28% had elevated cholesterol, 72% had hypertriglycedemia, and 44% were diabetic. All of these features except for hypercholesterolemia were common in females

Conclusion: Obesity, hepatomegaly, diabetes, and hypertriglycedemia are characteristic features of our NAFLD patients that are more common in females