Parathyroid double adenoma associated with papillary carcinoma of thyroid

It has been reported that thyroid disease is common in patients with hyperparathyroidism, and vice versa. Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism [PHPT]. Hypercalcemia is an important laboratory finding in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. There have been sporadic reports of the coexistence of hyperparathyroidism and non-medulary carcinoma, but the association of parathyroid adenoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is not well known. This is a rare report of the coexistent occurrence of papillary carcinoma of thyroid and double adenoma of parathyroid. The case is a 52-year-old woman with a 10-year history of pain in lower extremities, with initial diagnosis of osteoporosis and no clinical improvement despite using drugs. The patient was diagnosed as a case of hyperparathyroidism, using elevated concentration of calcium and PTH and metabolic bone disease [according to the isotope bone scan]. In addition to parathyroid adenomas, a firm nodule in the thyroid was detected during the surgery. Therefore, lobectomy as well as hyperparathyroidectomy was performed. In pathologic examination, parathyroid double adenoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid were revealed

[Light deprivation-related defect in spatial navigation of water maze]

Sensory signals and intrinsic activity of the neuronal circuits deeply influence on developing the sensory systems in early life. Light deprivation of animals is known as an established method in assessment of environmental signals in development of the nervous system. In this experimental study eighteen male rats at 75 days of postnatal age were used. The animals were divided in two groups, one reared in a cycle of 12light/12dark [light reared-LR] and the other keep in darkness since birth through experiment [Light deprived- LD]. The animals were trained in a Morris water maze for spatial memory. They must navigate the maze until finding a platform hidden 1 cm below of water. Then, the time required and the distance spent to find the platform were measured for assessment of the animal behavior. Each animal was given 4 trials/day and the experiment lasted for 6 days. This stage was followed by probe and postprobe tests to evaluate how the learning is consolidated. The results indicated that, compared to their LD counterparts, the LR group was superior in finding the platform where they required a noticeable shorter time to hit the platform [p<0.009]. Also, animals in the LR group steered a shorter distance to find the target than did the LD animals [p<0.034]. While the two groups elicited a considerable difference during the first half of the experiment both LR and LD rats demonstrated a similar behavior over the second half of the study. The light deprivation negatively influences the spatial navigation in water maze so that the visually deprived rats show less ability in searching the maze based on the spatial cues

[Qualitative and quantitative dietary assessment of primary school children in Tehran]

Most of our food habits and preferences originate during childhood. Following an adequate and balanced diet from childhood is one of the most important factors in preventing degenerative diseases in adulthood. Thus, determining children's food consumption patterns is a high health priority. The present study was initiated to determine meal and snacking patterns of primary school children during 2003-2005 in Tehran. A total of 761 male and female primary school children [378 grade 1, 383 grades 2 to 5] from all the 19 Educational Areas in Tehran, selected by multistage cluster sampling, were included in the study. General information was collected in 2 parts, by interviewing [1]. the students, and [2]. the students' mothers or caregivers. For collecting information on food consumption during the previous month the 24-h-recall technique and a snack-frequency questionnaire were used. Results are reported as means +/- standard deviations and frequency distributions. The mean daily intakes of energy among the first and other grade students were 1910 +/- 551 and 2014 +/- 539 kcal, respectively. As compared to RDA, energy intake [95% RDA for grade 1 and 91% for other grades] and iron intake [86% for other grades] were inadequate, while the intakes of other nutrients were adequate. The mean intakes of energy, protein and some of the B vitamins among girls were higher than among boys

Qualitative study on nutritional knowledge of primary-school children and mothers in Tehran

The nutritional education demands of primary-school children in Tehran were evaluated in a qualitative study, through 20 focus group discussions, 16 for children and 4 for mothers, among 128 children aged 6-11 years and 32 mothers in 8 primary schools in Tehran. Children knew about the advantages of different food groups, including helping digestion, growth and increasing intelligence. They obtained their knowledge mainly from their parents and television, as well as books, teachers and friends. Mothers thought the sources that had most effect on children's nutritional knowledge were television advertisements, parents and classmates. Most of the children claimed that they preferred to learn about nutrition from their parents and television, e.g. children's programmes and advertisements

[Demographic study on patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris and comparing results of various treatment protocols in such patients]

In conventional treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris use of adjuvant and initial dose of Corticosteroid affect the healing of lesions in patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical features of Pemphigus Vulgaris patients and to compare the criteria of response to treatment in various initial doses of Prednisolon and also to study the effect of Immuran as an adjuvant. In this retrospective study on Pemphigus Vulgaris patients admitted in Qaem hospital in Mashhad during the past 10 years, 63 patients were included and epidemiologic parameters, clinical features, treatment agents and criteria of response to their treatment [time of stopping the development of new lesions , time of onset of healing, time of tapering dose of steroids] were studied. The average dose of Steroid and Immuran was 1.15 +/- 0.47 mg/kg/day and 2.2 +/- 0.9 mg/kg/day, respectively. The average time of stopping the development of new lesions was 10.49 +/- 8.7 days, starting healing lesions, 10.75 +/- 7.86 days and tapering the dose of steroid was 3.75 +/- 2.35 days. Use of Immuran in treatment of patients had a statistical relation [p=0.048] with the time of tapering dose of Steroids, although it had no such relation with the first and the second criteria of healing [p=0.312 and p=0.1] respectively. On the other hand, initial dose of Immuran in mg/kg/day had no statistical relation with three criteria [P values were 0.328, 0.136, 0.467 respectively], whereas initial dose of Preadnisolon showed statistical relation with the onset time of healing [p=0.000] but not with time of tapering or stopping new lesions. [P>0.05] No relation between the time of tapering of Steroid and the other two objective criteria of response [the time of stopping new lesions and the onset time of healing], may be due to individual decision for tapering the dose of Steroid. And probably use of Immuran as an adjuvant, has related only with onset of Steroid tapering [but not two other objective criteria]