RESUMO
Background: nosocomial urinary tract infection is one of the most common nosocomial infection causing an increase in mortality and high expenses for the patients. In this study we have tried to investigate the effects of various Factors including age, sex, marritial status, usage of urine catheter and the duration of it, any pervious urinary infection, smoking, urinary tract obstruction and any surgery on the urinary tract
Materials and Methods: in order to make this research more comprehensive and perspective, all the 88 ICU patients hospitalized at Tehran 501 hospital went under observatoin for a period of 4 months. A questionnaire was given to each patient, their urine samples were taken on first, third and seventh day of their acceptance. the data was then analysed using SPSS software
Results: the results shows that in our 88 patients [of which 46.6% were male and 53.4% Female with an average age of 64 years], 89.8% were married and 10.2% single, 30.7% had diabet mellitus, 79.5% used urine catheter with an average of 12 days of catheterization and 26.1% had previous urinary tract infection [p <0.05]. There was no significant relationship between urinary tract infection and the smoking [10%], obstruction of urinary system [9.1%], surgical history [4%] and the marritial status [P>0.05]. The main reason of the urinary tract infection was candida [66.7%] and the rest was E.coli [33.3%]
Conclusion: on the basis of this study we can say that urinary tract infection has a direct relationship with the usage of urine catheter and the period of its use, age, sex, diabetic, hospital staying and previous urinary tract infections
RESUMO
Background: "Prerenal" azotemia is the most common cause of acute renal failure that almost caused by hypovolemia and or sepsis.Good management of these, results in good prognosis and prevents of chronic renal failure
Case report: we report a 20 years old man in coma,incontinence and fever that restricted in military concentration camp and was on water and food strike from 4 days. He had prolonged time abuse of methamphetamine and other narcotics as injectable forms. We detected uremic encephalopathy due to prerenal azotemia that controlled by hemodialysis.Azotemia was acured base on infective endocarditis,that treated by ceftazidim and vancomycin in 4 weeks
Conclusions: water and electrolytes resourcement,supportive treatment of kidney by dialysis and specific treatment of infections are the "Goal" of management in this patient
RESUMO
Background: the gestational diabetes is a disorder at tolerate of carbohydrates that for the first time has diagnosed in the gestational period. The risk factors that increased conflict mother to gestational diabetes include : age more than 30 years, history of diabetes disease in family hypertension, gravid more than 5, history of abortion or premature birth. The goal of this study is evaluation of knowledge, attitude and function of gestated mother's about gestational diabetes
Material and method: in this study 200 pregnant women who referred to army khanvadeh hospital from 2005 to 2006 have evaluated
Results: %62 of women had moderate knowledge and %77 had positive attitude and%69 had moderate function. Women who used from informative source include book-journal - news paper had better knowledge, attitude and function. Women with gestational age less than 12 weeks, gravid less than 2 and without abortion had better knowledge, attitude and function than others. Knowledge, attitude and function in persons more then 35 years were greater
Conclusion: preparing proper educational project about pregnancy with special note on gestational diabetes for increasing knowledge, attitude and function of gestated mother's, causes decreased high risk pregnancies and promotes the level of healthy mother and birth the safe neonate
RESUMO
Background: the urinary tract infection is common the etiologic of U.T.I is gram negative bacillary [especially E.coli] in general. Multiple risk factors as B.P.H, nephrolithiasis, diabete, previous U.T.I, folley catheter, genetic, cigarette and alcoholism is predispose to U.T.I
Material and methods: in this study urine culture of 100 male patients with U.T.I and B.P.H evaluated
Results: the most common etiologic causes U.T.I in B.P.H is E.coli [80%], other causes is proteus [10%] and klebsiella [5%]
Conclusions: thus, our data show causes of U.T.I in male with B.P.H like to other general population
RESUMO
Background: vitiligo is a dermatological disorder characterized by destruction of melanocytes and loss of pigmentation. The cause of vitiligo is not known. It has been suggested that immune mechanisms may be involved. In the present study, we evaluate B and T lymphocyte and subsets in the peripheral blood in vitiligo
Materials and methods: 36 patients suffering from vitiligo disease [23 of patients with active vitiligo and 13 of patients with stable vitiligo] and 22 persons as control were studied respectively for different immunological parameters such as: T Cell [CD[2]], Bcell [CD[19]], T [CD[4]], T [CD[8]], CD[4] / CD[8] ratio in the peripheral blood. The flow cytometry were used for determination of lymphocyte and subsets
Results: we have shown a decrease of B cell and T[CD[8]] cell with an increase of CD[4] / CD[8] ratio in the active vitiligo patients as compared to control. In the stable vitiligo patients, only T[CD[8]] cell is decreased, [p<0.05]
Conclusions: thus, our data show aberrations for lymphocyte and subsets in active vitiligo than stable vitiligo.we suggest that immune response, especially cell mediated immunity may play a important role in the pathogenesis of the disease