[Effect of five weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of miR-23a and Atrogin-1 in gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic male rats]

Introduction: One of the complications of diabetes is muscular atrophy. Considering the role of exercise in controlling diabetes complications, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of five weeks of high intensity interval training [HIIT] on miR-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression in the gastrocnemius muscles of male diabetic rats

Materials and Method: For this purpose, diabetes was induced in 14 Wistar rats with an average weight of 260 +/- 10g by injection of Streptozotocin [50mg/kg]. They were randomly divided into two groups, controls [n=7] and HIIT [n=7] group. The HIIT program included implementing four 3-minute sets at intensity of 85-90% VO2max and one minute recovery between each set with intensity of 30 to 35% VO2max. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, animals were anesthetized, gastrocnemius muscles were removed and Mir-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression was evaluated by quantitative REAL time PCR. Data were analyzed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test with SPSS software, version 19 and Execle 2007 at a significance level of p

Results: Analysis with independent t-test showed that the HIIT training caused a significant increase in expression of miR-23a and consequently significant decrease in expression of Atrogin-1 gene, compared to controls group

Conclusion: Evidently high intensity interval training due to decrease of hyperglycemia, change in expression of miR-23a and Atragin-1 can be an effective intervention to reduce diabetes complications such as muscle atrophy

effect of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-5, cortisol to single session of circuit resistance exercise in elite handball players

Very few studies have been done with regard to the gender differences of the immune system in responding to exercise, which generally do not control women's period cycle. Considering that levels of sex hormones differ during the menstrual cycle this study investigates the influence of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-15, cortisol and sex hormone to a single session of circuit resistance exercise in both male and female elite Handball players, while controlling CHECK on the women menstrual period cycles. The participants of the study were 12 elite Handball players, 5 men and 7 women. The circuit resistance exercise included 10 min warming, performing chest press, leg press, leg press, abdominal crunch, literal pull down, leg extension in 3 sets with 10 repetitions with 60% 1RM and 10 min cooling down. Pre, immediately and 2 hours post exercise, the blood samples were collected in order to measure IL-6, IL-15, cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. Results indicated that IL-6 concentration was different in the two groups after the exercise, which showed an increase in men and a decrease in women. There was no significant difference between the two groups IL-15 levels, but significant difference was observed between the two groups in cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. A single session of circuit resistance exercise resulted in different responses in the Immune system of men, in comparison with women

[Effects of age, gender, body composition on cardio respiratory fitness in students aged 8-11 years using the FFMI-FMI regression model]

Age, gender, body composition and genetic background affect cardio respiratory fitness. In children, the variability of physiological responses to exercise yield different interpretations of the effective parameters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of age, gender, body composition on cardio respiratory fitness of students of Semnan city aged 8-11 years, using the FFMI-FMI regression model. This cross-sectional study was performed on 685 students [347 boys and 338 girls]. Subjects were selected via a multi-level cluster sampling. After adjustment for differences in age, gender and body mass using the FFMI-FMI regression model, i.e. Fat free mass index [FFMI], [dividing fat free mass to squared stature] was predicted by fat mass index [FMI] [dividing fat mass to squared stature] subjects were categorized into 3 groups: The Normal, the Solid [higher than normal FFM group] and the Slender [lower than normal FFM group]. The 20 m Shuttle run test used to estimate maximal oxygen uptake [VO[2] max] as an index of cardio respiratory fitness, expressed in absolute values. There was a positive significant association between age and VO[2] max [P<0.05]. The solid group had higher values, while the slender group had lower values in VO[2]max. Boys had better cardio respiratory fitness than girls in. There are significant direct positive associations between age and body composition and VO[2] max

Neonatal hypothermia in Tehran, Iran: incidence, severity and death rate

In 1958, Silverman demonstrated that maintenance of body temperature reduces mortality in low birth weight infants. From the early 1990s it was already recognized that adequate environmental warmth was essential in the case of newborns. However, neonatal hypothermia continues to be a significant issue in developing countries.In order to describe the incidence and severity of hypothermia after delivery and to determine the possibility of related mortality risk among neonates in a tertiary nursery, we measured the body temperature on admission of 898 consecutive inborn infants after birth by a low-reading thermometer. Body temperature less than 36.5°C was designated as 'hypothermia'. In such cases the infants were re-warmed according to WHO recommendations. Their body temperature was checked and recorded every hour and their final outcome was noted.The overall incidence of hypothermia was 53.2%. 456 [i.e., 50.2% of] infants had mild hypothermia [35>T>36.5] while 22 [2.5%] of them had moderate to severe hypothermia [T<35°C]. The incidence and severity of hypothermia was found to be significantly associated with birth weight [p= 0.000] and gestational age [p= 0.000]. The duration of re-warming was also correlated with birth weight [p= 0.000]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the mortality rate of hypothermic neonates is 3.64 times that of the normotherms. The risk of death was higher in the moderate to severe hypothermic groups than in the mild hypothermic infants.In our study, the incidence of hypothermia was found to be high with both the incidence and severity to be significantly associated with birth weight and gestational age. The risk of death was recognized to be higher in the hypothermic new borns than non-hypothermic ones