Value of purified schistosoma snails antigens in diagnosis of schistosomiasis

This study was done to assess the value of purified Schistosoma snails antigens in diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Five antigens were used, S.mansoni adult worm crude antigen, snails antigens [foot and visceral hump of B.alexandrina and B.truncatus]. Specific hyperimmune mice sera versus each antigen were prepared. Known positive and negative human sera and uninfected mice sera were used as control. Two ELISA techniques [conventional and sandwich] were performed. There was high similarity between S.mansoni crude antigen and B.alexandrina foot antigen in detecting S.mansoni antibodies [100% and 80% respectively] at serum dilution 1:50. B.alexandrina visceral hump antigen detected only 33.3%. Both B.truncatus antigens gave negative results. Sandwich ELISA technique proved to be more species specific than conventional ELISA. B.alexandrina foot antigen was found to be the best antigen among the tested antigens that can replace S.mansoni adult worm crude antigen in diagnosis of schistosomiasis

diagnostic efficacy of Fasciola gigantica coproantigen in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes

Monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA was used detect F. gigantica coproantigen in 33 selected animals according to the faecal history to evaluate sensitivity and specificity by using three different rabbit hyper-immune sera; Copro HIS, Egg HIS and ES HIS. The results showed that Copro HIS and ES HIS detected F. gigantica coproantigen in faecal of naturally infected cattle and buffaloes, but egg HIS failed. The 26-28 KDa coproantigen proved sensitivity [81.8%] and specificity [90.9%] in diagnosis of fascioliasis. Also, there was a positive statistical significance between number of F. gigantica egg per gm faeces [EPG] and mean sandwich ELISA OD. values for copro antigen. For diagnostic value of F. gigantica coproantigen in comparison with ES antigen, EITB was done on field sera of cattle and buffaloes of known faecal history. The F. gigantica coproantigen bands of 27.6 and 72.1 KDa were specific for diagnosis animal fascioliasis, but the 72.1 KDa was less sensitive than the 27.6 KDs. The immunoblotting reaction was more intensive than with fractionated ES antigen than with fractionated coproantigen

Detection of protozoal parasites in the stools of diarrhoeic patients using different techniques

A total of 300 children were selected. A total of 180 apparently healthy children were selected. Each child was given a numerical number and subjected to a medical questionnaire. The rate of infection by the enteric protozoa detected by the four techniques revealed that G. lamblia reached 11.0% by concentration-sedimentation method, 10.3% by Sheather's concentration method and 7.0% [cysts] and 1.7% [vegetative] by direct wet smear. E. histolytica was 3.3% and 3.7% by the two concentration methods respectively. By direct wet smear 2.3% [cysts] and 0.7% [vegetative] were detected. E. coli was 7.3% and 7.0% by the two concentration methods respectively. By the direct wet smear 5.0% [cyst] and 0.3% [vegetative] were detected. Modified Zeihl-Nelsen stain demonstrated 9 cases of C. panvum [3.0%]. Mallory and Iron haematoxylin gave the good characterristic colour for G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and E. coli followed by Trichrome. It was worthy to mention that direct smear method detected the low infections' percentage of all the intestinal target parasites in comparison with the four staining techniques

Cryptosporidium nasorum among mugil cephalus and tilapia zillii from three different localities in Egypt

In order to add data on fish cryptosporidiosis in Egypt, the present work was conducted on 213 fish [Mugil cephalus and Tilapia zillii] collected from Mediterranean Sea [Port Said], Suez Canal [Ismailia] and Fayoum [Lake Quarun] during the period from June to November 1996. Cryptosporidium nasorum was recorded from 27.23% of them. Crosstransmission of this pathogen to chicken host failed. Furthermore, the present work confirmed the impossible transmission of C. parvum to the lower vertebrates [fish]

Fascioliasis among animal, snail and human hosts in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate with special reference to species infecting humans

The present study was aimed at determining the source and species of Fasciola that infect human donkeys in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in the West of the Nile Delta in Egypt, and to determine which snail species act as intermediate hosts for Fasciola infection in this area. The study recorded the presence of Fasciola infection in 3 native breed local non-imported hosts other than man in 6 climaticly selected sites in Kafr-El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. A percentage of 14.5%, 26.6%, 12.28% and 6.02 from the examined buffaloes, sheep, donkeys and human respectively sharing incontamination of the neuter around the present human by different Fasciola eggs. The incidence was high in summer and autumn than the other seasons and it was higher in Sedi Salem and Motobus than the other study sites. Examination of 100 eggs from each host showed egg size can not be used as a main criteria in differentiation between F. hepatica and gigantca. Fasciola eggs of different size were extracted from gall bladder of some slaughtered cases in which the flukes detected in the liver were identified as F. gigantica only. Upon dissection of 1972 L. caillaudi, 268 L. alexandrina, 502 Bulinus species, 11316 B. alexandrina, 1398 Cleopatra species, 8520 Physa acuta, 420 Melania tuberculata, 2132 Vivipara [Bellamya] unicolar, 144 Neritina nilotica and 1570 Planorbis philippi, Fasciola parthenitae were not detected in snails other than L. Caillaudi [the known IMH of Fasciola in Egypt]. The fact proved that there is no accomodation was occurred in any of the surrounding snail to transmit Fasciola to animal or man. The present study showed that Fasciola of human and donkeys in the study sites was Fasciola gigantica not F. hepatica, this appear in its tendency to develop in L. caillaudi not in L. truncatula snails with successive radial generation as that described previously for F. gigantica. Moreover early mature fluke extracted from laboratory infected rabbits by the produced encysted metacercariae had the characteristic features described previously for F. gigantica

Contributions on the passalurus ambiguous life cycle and scanning electron microscopy studies

The life cycle of Passalurus ambiguus was studied experimentally. The 4th and 5th stage larvae were studied morphologically. The preparent period was determined and the seats of egg deposition were demonstrated. Histopathological studies were carried out from the infected region of the gastrointestinal tract and perianal region of experimentally infected rabbit. The anterior end of the obtained adult worms was studied by scanning electron microscope

Evaluation of old and recent chemicals used in the control of boophilus annulatus ticks

A newly broad spectrum parasiticide, Ivermectin, and two old acaricides [Coumaphose and malathion] were in field application trials against, Boophilus annulatus ticks, naturally infested animals in an endemic area. The use of combinations between both [old and recent ones] were studied and also the economical aspects of their application taken in consideration. Ivomec s/c injection gave the best clearance rate [96.4%] for adults ticks and 94.3% for nymphal stages] with the longest protection period [35 days] but it was the highest price and the most time consuming and manipulation difficulties. Coumaphose showed moderate clearance rate [85.9% for adult ticks and 89.1%] for nymphal stages and moderate protection period [6 days]. While, malathion was the lowest clearance rate [68.4% for adult ticks and 68.6 for nymphal stages] and protection period [4 days]. Combination of half dose Ivomec injection and half dose Coumaphose spray more effective than combination between half dose Ivomec and half dose Malathion, but more expensive with low integrity. While combinations of half dose of Ivomec and full dose of Coumaphose more reliable with high effectiveness and long protection and period but more expensive

Control of chicken body louse and dog ticks using some new pyrethroids

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some new pyrethroids [Bayticol and Butox], as well as Ivomec through many routes of application against chicken body louse [Menacanthus spp.] and dog ticks [Rhipicephalus spp.]. The results revealed that Bayticol 1% in a dose 1 ppm/kg and Butox 7.5% in a dose 2 ppm/hen, have good efficacy for complete eradication of lice after 24 hours through pour-on application method. Also, the same dose gave the same results after 24 and 48 hours of Bayticol and Butox, respectively, through spot-on method, meanwhile Ivomec overcome the two pyrethroids through s.c. injection route concerning eradication of dog tick. The three tested insecticides give complete eradication of ticks in the high tested doses [Bayticol 10 ppm/10 kg, Butox 10 ppm/animal and Ivomec 100 mug/kg b. wt.] through pour-on and spot-on methods. In lower doses, the two pyrethroids [Bayticol and Butox] were more efficient through pour-on and spot-on methods, while Ivomec was the best one through s.c. injection. The laboratory trial revealed that Ivomec 1% considered as the best insecticide causing rapid mortality and prevent egg deposition and hatching under the tested dose in the laboratory. Using the insecticide for control of chicken body louse through pour-on and spot-on ways on the back of the chicken only were tested for the first time as method of application in chicken

Parasites in the muscles of slaughtered camels

One thousand slaughtered camels, 716 males and 284 females, were investigated for detection of the infestation rate with cysticercosis, hydatidosis, sarcosporidiosis and trichinosis. Infestation rate with cysticercus dromedarii, hydatid cysts, sarcocystis, and trichinella spiralis was 0.60%, 24.40%, 39.50%, and 0.0%, respectively