Metallothionein induction in two species of pseudomonas exposed to cadmium and copper contamination

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium [2] and copper [2] salts concentrations on uptake, tolerance, growth pattern and metallothionein induction as a biomarker by two bacterial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida PTCC 1694. For this purpose, the minimum inhibition concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, growth and uptake patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida were determined in culture media with 0.09-10mM/L of Cd and Cu salts in pH7 +/- 0.2= at 30 +/- 2 Degree C. Growth rate and amount of metal uptake were determined by spectrophotometer and atomic absorption assay every 24 hours for 14 to 23 days. Biosorption of the heavy metals on the bacterial cell wall surfaces after preparation were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM] equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy [EDS]. Metallothionein production was evaluated by silver saturation methods. The results showed that the growth was directly inhibited at the concentration of 1.5 mM/L Cd[2] and 9 mM/L Cu[2] for P. aeruginosa and 0.95 mM/L Cd[2] and 7.5 mM/L Cu[2] for P. putida. Results of the growth pattern showed that the log phase for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida lasted 48 and 121 hours, 217 and 121 in presence of cadmium and copper, respectively. The stationary phase was very short and very soon after log phase, the microorganisms went into death phase. The maximum biosorption of metal from cultures of two strains was 36.6% and 28% of cadmium and 80% and 47% of copper of final concentration. The result of elemental analysis with SEM-EDS approved surface adsorption of cadmium and copper. Since the exact number of Ag-binding sites per metallothionein molecules is unknown for Pseudomonas putida, results were expressed as nanomoles of Agbinding site per gram of wet weight as equal to 0.0033 and 0.0031

[Relative frequency of success and complications of vascular access in end stage renal disease [ESRD]]

Introduction: inability to establish a success vascular access or associated complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients

Objective: Relative Frequency of Success and Complications of Vascular Access in End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] in Razi Hospital [2007]

Materials and Methods: this descriptive-cross sectiom1I study was performed on ESRD patients in Razi Hospital. The data were collected based on interview and physical examination. Because of the probability or failure in access of any patient and need lo another access establishment, the access numbers was more than the patients number

Results: among total of 151 patients 59.6% of patients was man and 40.4% was woman. The mean age of patients was 54.22 +/- 14.39 years. Success rate of dialysis was 86.1% . 82.9% of vascular access was used less than 2 months of creation [mean=3 l-60 days]. 32 cases of complications [15.6%] were recorded which in 9 cases of false aneurysm, 9 cases of venous hypertension, 5 cases of infection, 4 cases of steal syndrome, 3 cases of true aneurysm and 2 cases of thrombosis. The most number of complications were happened in antecubital A VF

Conclusion: success rate of dialysis in this study is like that other studies. Because or patients don't refer in proper time; use of vascular access was performed in less than 2 months of creation. It can increase complications and decrease patency rate of vascular access. On the other hand, to decrease the cost, usage of grail is less than native AVF; it could be reason of increased presence of complications in native AVF

[ case report of C1 ventral root schwannoma manifesting as foramen magnum syndrome]

Introduction: schwannoma is a nerve sheath tumor originates from Schwann cells, with slow growth and usually benign. Spinal schwannomas almost arises from dorsal [sensory] root. C1 ventral root schwannomas which limited to the anterior part of medullospinal junction is extremely rare. These tumors may extend to foramen magnum and manifest as foramen magnum syndrome

Case History: this report is presented a 60-years old female with cervical and occipital pain, spastic quadriparesis and dissociative sensory loss. Cervical MRI demonstrated an extramedullary intradural tumor in anterior part of foramen magnum.C1-2 Posterior midline suboccipital laminectomy with spinal cord decompression was performed. After surgery, her symptoms improved. Histopathological evaluation revealed schwannoma

Symptoms of foramen magnum syndrome are various and Conclusion: nonspecific, so diagnosis requires a high suspicious in early stages, when tumor resection may lead to significant improvement of the patients