[Effect of cow's milk elimination from children diet on chronic constipation]

Children constipation is one of the common causes of abdominal pain. Cow's milk in children diet is suggested to be one of the main cause of chronic constipation. This study was performed to determine the effect of cow's milk elimination from children diet with chronic constipation. This quasi-experimental study, was performed on 80 children with chronic constipation. Rome-III criteria were considered for disease diagnosis. Cow's milk was eliminated for three weeks from children's diet and the clinical symptoms in children were surveyed, subsequently. Constipation was cured in 33.8% of children as result of cow's milk free diet. The rate of treatment response in affecting children whom their disease in began under 2 years of age [52.6%] was significantly higher than others [16.6%] [P<0.05]. Children treatment was not significantly related to child's gender and amount of milk consumption. Eliminating of cow's milk from the diet improves the chronic constipation in children

Removal of malathion insecticide from water by employing acoustical wave technology

Organophosphorus pesticides are one of the most prevalent usages for pest control in the country. Such pesticides enter into water sources by different routes. Since drinking of contaminated water at the higher doses than the standard level, may causes undesirable effects to human health and ecosystem. The object of this research was to investigate the effect of various parameters including time, power and concentration on sonodecomposition of malathion insecticide in the water. The sonochemical degradation of malathion was investigated using acoustic wave technology [AWT]. AWT with 130 kHz was used to study the decomposition of insecticide solution. Samples were analyzed using HPLC at different intervals times. Effectiveness of AWT at different times [20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes], concentrations of malathion at 2, 4 and 8 mg/L as well as powers of device [300W, 400W, 500W] are compared. These findings showed that the degradation of the malathion insecticide at lower concentrations was greater in comparison to higher concentrations. Also, there was positive correlation between power increasing and the ability to malathion degradation. The sonodegradation of malathion at different concentrations and powers was successfully achieved. It has been shown that acoustical wave technology can be used to reduce the concentration of dissolved insecticide using high frequency

[Knowledge, attitude, and practice on HIV/AIDS among Chabahar high school students in 2007]

AIDS is a pandemic disease that threatens the world population. At first, this disease was transmitted by blood products in Iran; however, it expanded through other routes. Considering this change of transmission pattern, it is necessary to raise the awareness of the public especially high risk groups thereby placing impact on prevention. The present cross-sectional study was carried out to determine knowledge level of high school students of Chabahar city about AIDS. A cross sectional survey among randomly selected high school students in Chabahar city was conducted. The students responded to anonymous questionnaires. Knowledge and attitude were scored. Sample size was 500 and data analysis was performed by SPSS version 17. Out of 500 students, 51.6% [258] and 48.4% [242] were boys and girls, respectively; among them 47.6% had good and 36.6% moderate knowledge about AIDS. Knowledge of girls was estimated to be significantly higher than boys. In 48% of students, the attitude towards HIV positive persons was bad and in 19% good. There was shown to be a direct correlation between attitude and practice with knowledge. Although the knowledge level of the students seems to be good, misconceptions about the routes of transmission were common. There was a substantial intolerant attitude towards AIDS and HIV positive patients. We recommend that strategies for AIDS risk reduction in Iranian high schools to be implemented

[Comparison of bacterial contamination of raw and pasteurized milk used in Shahrekord in 2006]

Milk is very important for the human nutrition. Control and monitoring of its preparation, transport, storage and presentation, based on healthy principals is essential. Therefore, this study was aimed to compare bacterial contamination of raw and pasteurized milk used in Shahrekord, Iran in 2006. This descriptive-analytical study is a descriptive analytical which has been done in 2006 in milk production factories in Shahrekord Township. In this order, 300 samples of raw milk using sterile containers of 200 cc volume, from five points and also randomly 120 samples of pasteurized milk from milk production factories have been gathered, on winter and summer seasons. Coli forms measured using MPN method in lactose broths medium and total count method used for the total bacteria in violate red bile Agar medium. E. coli determined in eosin methylene blue medium and IMVIC tests were used for coli form differentiation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed that 208 of 300 [70%] and 242 of 300 [80.5%] of the raw milk samples were contaminated with E. coli and coli forms, respectively. The most [88%] and the least [%58.3] rate of contamination were in the samples from southwest and northeast area, respectively [P<0.05]. The rate of contamination of raw milk prepared during summer with E. coil and coli forms were more than those prepared in winter [P<0.05]. Regarding the contamination of raw milk with E. coli and the other coli forms, particularly in summer, following of healthy principles and supervision in preparation, transport, storage, and selling of milk especially during the hot seasons are necessary