Identification of ptototheca zopfii from bovine mastitis

The aim of this study was identification of the epidemiology of Prototbeca zopfu species from the milk samples of dairy cattle in Isfahan, central Iran. Milk samples were obtained from 230 daily cattle, 130 with and 100 without mastitis, in Isfahan. The samples were cultured in Prototbeca Isolation Medium [PIM] and Sabouraud's dextrose agar. All P. zopfu isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical methods. Then, as a confirmatory test they wrere examined by genotype-specific PCR. Four P. zopfu strains [3.07° o] were isolated from the 130 samples of dairy cattle with clinical mastitis and there was no isolation from totally 100 samples of healthy bovines without mastitis. Specific PCR product [about 946 bp] was detected in four isolates. It seems that P. zopfu genotype II plays a key role in affecting bovine mastitis that confirmed other previous studies. Our study was the first, which identified the Prototheca species by traditional and molecular methods in Iran and Middle East as well

[Comparison of adherence of Candida Albicans on amalgam, light cure composite and glass ionomer: an In vitro study]

Statement of Problem: Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in the human oral cavity. 85% of this infection is caused by Candida albicans. Although there is considerable information about the adhesion of Candida albicans to the epithelial cells and prosthetic materials, there are very few studies in regard to the adhesion of Candida albicans to various restorative dental materials

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans to three restorative materials, amalgam, light cure composite and glass ionomer

Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 54 specimens of amalgam, light cure composite and glass ionomer [18 specimens from each group] were transferred to tubes containing suspensions of Candida albicans [1× 10[6] cell/ml]. After 40, 80 and 120 minutes, the specimens of restorative materials were suspended in tubes containing 1ml of saline solution and then 100 microlitre of this suspension were plated in Sabouraud Dextrouse Agar. After 48 hours of incubation, the number of candida colonies was counted. Finally, the data were analyzed using kruskal wallis and Mann-Whitney tests

Results: In the composites and amalgams specimens, the adhesion of Candida albicans increased with time and this differences was statistically significant [p < 0.05]. In glass ionomer specimens, no statistically significant difference was observed in different periods of time. The highest value of adhesion was related to composite at 120 minutes and the lowest was observed on a amalgam specimens at 40 minutes

Conclusion: The results of this study show that glass ionomer is an appropriate choice as a dental restorative material especially in patients who are susceptible to candidiasis infections

Flow cytometry susceptibility testing for conventional antifungal drugs and comparison with the NCCLS broth macrodilution test

During the last decade, the incidence of fungal infection has been increased in many countries. Because of the advent of resistant to antifungal agents, determination of an efficient strategic plan for treatment of fungal disease is an important issue in clinical mycology. Many methods have been introduced and developed for determination of invitro susceptibility tests. During the recent years, flow cytometry has developed to solving the problem and many papers have documented the usefulness of this technique. As the first step, the invitro susceptibility of standard PTCC [Persian Type of Culture Collection] strain and some clinical isolates of Candida consisting of Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. kefyer and C. parapsilosis were evaluated by macrodilution broth method according to NCCLS [National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards] guidelines and flow cytometry susceptibility test. The data indicated that macro dilution broth methods and flow cytometry have the same results in determination of MIC [Minimum Inhibitory Concentration] for amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole in C. albicans PTCC 5027 as well as clinical Candida isolates, such as C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata C. kefyr, and C. parapsilosis. Comparing the results obtained by macrodilution broth and flow cytometry methods revealed that flow cytometry was faster. It is suggested that flow cytometry susceptibility test can be used as a powerful tool for determination of MIC and administration of the best antifungal drug in treatment of patients with Candida infections

[Evaluation of susceptibility of conventional anti fungal drugs with flow cytometry technique]

During the last decades, the incidence of fungal infection has been increased in many countries. Because of the increasing resistantce to antifungal agents, determination of an efficient strategic plan for treatment of fungal diseases is an important issue in clinical mycology. Many methods have been introduced and developed to determine invitro susceptibility tests. During the recent years, flow cytometry has been developed to solve the problem, and many papers have documented the usefulness of this technique. This study was done to evaluate the invitro susceptibility of standard PTCC strain and some clinical isolates of Candida evaluated by macrodilution broth method according to NCCLS guidelines and flow cytometry susceptibility test. This descriptive study was done in Iran Medical University. Clinical isolates of Candida were treated by Amphotericin B, Clotrimazole, Fluconazol, Ketoconazol and miconazole and then evaluated by flow cytometry and microdilution. Data was gathered in a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The data indicated that macrodilution broth methods and flow cytometry have the same results in determination of MIC for amphotericinB, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole in Candida albicans PTCC5027 as well as clinical candida isolate, such as C.albicans, C.kefyr, C.glabrata, C.parapsilosis and C.dubliniensis. Comparing the result obtained by macrodilution broth and flow cytometry methods revealed that flow cytometry was more convenient and faster than broth methods. It is suggested that flow cytometry susceptibility test can be used as a powerful tool in determination of MIC and administration of the best antifungal drug in treatment of patients with Candida infections especially systemic candidiasis

[Evaluation of toxicity chemical substances [extract oihyndropyridine derivatives, saff flower and peganum harmala] By saccharomyces cerevisiae]

Background: the toxicity of many chemical substances has been studied by many of living organisms used as biological indicators. Higher organisms[laboratory animals] are generally used but the response time may be lengthy. Never the less by exploiting uni cellular organisms, in particulary yeast, it is possible to reduce testing time considerably. In this study, the budding yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae asimple non-pathogenic eukaryotic organisms, which is easy to cultivate, has been used as experimental model for assaying acute toxicity of chemical substances

Material and Methods: As a experimental study, The first step yeast cells were cultured in broth media and correlation cell of numbers and optical density was determined in 525 nm. Then, yeast cells were cultured in the presence of various concentration of chemical substances and cell density was measured. the proliferation rate determined from the logarithmic growth phase. A dose-response curve was obtained by plotting the relative growth rate versus the chemical concentration which concentrations leading to 50% inhibition of growth[IC50] was determined

Results: the results showed a concentration - dependent cytoxicity effect for saff flower extract [IC50=112[micro]lml-1] and peganum harmala extract [IC50=476[micro]gml-1]. The toxicity effects of dihidropyridine derivatives was studied up to 100 [micro]Mml-1, but no cytotoxic effect was observed

Conclusion: these results were agreement with other cytotoxic tests [i.e, rat, hamster, brin shrimp, and human cell cultures] then this procedure can be used as the first step, for assaying acute toxicity of chemical substances