RESUMO
Type II diabetes, can be controlled by medical treatment and self care behaviors, however the patients often fail to comply with self care behaviors. Concerning the role of family in supporting patients' self care behaviors, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of a family-centered education of self care behaviors based on family- centered empowerment model on patients with type II diabetes. The quasi-experimental design carried out on 40 patients with type II diabetes who were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The education of self care behaviors in four domains [nutrition, physical activity and exercise, medications, complications and foot care] for intervention group and their families was performed. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire. The scores of self care behaviors before and after the education were measured. Data were analyzed by the SPSSI6 software. Findings: Prior to education, there was no significant difference between self-care behaviors scores in both intervention and control groups [p>0/05]. After education, self-care behaviors of the intervention group in total scores and also in all domains were increased and statistically were significant [p<0/05], while there was no significant change in the control group. The findings showed that this education method improved self-care behaviors among patients with type II diabetes. These results can be used in the other chronic diseases and different levels of nursing care
RESUMO
Introduction: Job stress is an interaction between working conditions and the individual characteristics of the employee. The aim of this study was to compare job stress and related factors of welfare organization employees with and without physical disability in Tehran
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, the statistical population included all employees of welfare centers in Tehran. The type of sampling method was convenience and the cases included all the 53 employees affected by physical disabilities and the control group included 61 people with similar characteristics and job positions, without disabilities. In order to measure the job stress severity and its influencing factors, the [Occupational Stress Scale] prepared for Health and Safety Executive [HSE] and [Factors Influencing Job Stress] questionnaire were used respectively. In this study reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha which for [Occupational Stress Scale] and was 0.73 and [Factors Influencing Job Stress] had reliability of 0.80. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using statistical tests K2 and independent t-test
Findings: No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the two groups. The job stress in employees with physical disabilities was significantly different with the employees without [P<0.05], with higher stress in the physically disabled [mean=113.7 and standard deviation=11.3] compared to non-disabled [mean=97.2 and standard deviation=11.2] [P<0.001]
The importance of factors influencing job stress was also higher in the employees with disability [mean=119.2 and standard deviation=13.2] compared to non- disabled [mean=105.2 and standard deviation=12.5] [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Job stress of employees with physical disabilities is more than the employees without physical disability and also the factors influencing the stress are different. Paying more attention to the programs designed to promote the skills of job stress management and also decreasing and/or eliminating factors related to job stress of employees with disabilities are recommended