Analysis of settlements and roads relating with active faults in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province [the roads and settlements seismic conditions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province]

The study of population change indicates that population growth is likely to continue the next quarter century. In addition, many settlements are located in high risk areas. In this study, the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari was evaluated based on two key factors analyzing in recent years: the seismic vulnerability of settlements and roads. In this research, the earthquake risk zonation was performed by using IDW method [Inverse Distance Weighting], GIS and seismic data in order to evaluate settlements and roads in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. In this analytical descriptive study, the fault condition was measured by using the neighborhood function. Considering the high potential of active faults, it is essential to define safe bounds next to the faults. These guidance lines are applicable in urban planning, disaster management, geo sciences in preventing the direct interruption of active faults. Total of 7 cities and 58 villages exposed to the direct risk of faults interruption; also about 1,072,590 km of roads have a very high vulnerability to the faults interruption in the province based on the vulnerable distance to the faults. The results indicate that there is high density of rural settlements and roads in western and northwestern areas; however, however eastern settlements are larger, dispersed and low in number. The progressive development of roads and settlements has significantly increased the potential seismic risk

The Role of Nasopharyngeal Temperature Monitoring in detection of a Malpositioned Superior Vena Cava Cannula in an Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass in a Patient With Ventricular Septal Defect

55 year-old woman was admitted to the CCU ward of our university hospital due to typical chest pain. The patient received supportive care and was transferred to the operating room for an emergency repair of the ventricular septal defect [VSD] and myocardial revascularization. The surgical team was notified regarding the tolerance to cooling detected by the temperature monitoring and also, the congestion of eye and blanching of forehead. After a few maneuvers, the cannula was repositioned. In a few seconds, the forehead was cooled, while the airlocking episodes were lifted completely and the blanching and chemosis in the face and eyes all resolved. The septal defect was approached through the left ventricle; a 15 in 20 mm foramen, due to the ischemic rupture of the superior portion of the anteroseptal wall, was repaired with a patch of hemoshield. The incision over the LV was then repaired with 2 parallel bands of felt. The patient was operated on and transferred to the intensive care unit

[Serum visfatin concentration in patients with metabolic syndrome]

Recent studies indicate that Visfatin, a newly identified adipocytokine, may have potential proinflammatory effects. Since, the relationship between serum visfatin levels and metabolic syndrome [MetS] has not been established, the aim of this study was to explore the association between serum visfatin levels and anthropometric variables and the metabolic syndrome. Thirty-seven patients with MetS and 37 age matched controls [mean age 46.35 +/- 1.6 years] were included. Metabolic syndrome in patients was defined based on the 2005 criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, and anthropometric and biochemical profiles were documented. Serum Visfatin was measured using an enzyme immunoassay [EIA] kit. Using the t-test, data were compared between groups and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between continuous variables. P values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Serum Visfatin level was significantly lower in metabolic syndrome patients [P<0. 05] compared controls, log visfatin: 1.74 +/- 0.27 nanogram/ml vs. 1.86 +/- 0.13 nanogram/ml, respectively. There was no significant correlation between serum visfatin levels and any anthropometric or any metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome or the control group. The results of this study showed that serum visfatin level was decreased in patients with MetS, indicating that Visfatin cannot be considered as a new proinflammatory adipocytokine for the metabolic syndrome

Detection of the soluble form of the Fas/Apo-1 receptor in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy

Fas/Apo-1 mediates apoptosis via Fas and Fas ligand transduction. recently, a soluble form of Fas [sFas] was described which seems to be functionally implicated in the Fas signaling system, suggesting a relationship between some disorders and sfas function. To determine is sFas is involved in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis [HAM/TSP], we measured sfas-levels in sera from normal controls, human T lymphotropic virus type-1 [hTLV-1] healthy carriers and patients with HAM/TSP using a highly sensitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The sFas of normal individuals, HTLV-1 carriers, and patients with HAM/TSP, was 0.14 +/- 0.11, 0.26 +/- 0.25, and 0.39 +/- 0.35 ng/ml, respectively. although the level of sFas in patient's group with HAM/TSP, was significantly higher in comparsion to that of normal controls [p< 0.05], the individual values were highly variable within the groups. These results suggest that sFas may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and that serum sFas may be related to clinical activity in HAM/TSP patients