Effect of three common desensitizers in reduction of the dentin hypersensitivity after periodontal surgery

Statement of Problem: Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common complaints of patients after periodontal treatments which occur after tissue shrinkage

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of sensikin gel [10% potassium nitrate and 0.22% sodium fluoride] with sodium fluoride gel [2.7%] and fluoride varnish [5%] in reducing the dentin hypersensitivity after periodontal surgery

Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients who, after full mouth periodontal surgery, had a complaint of dentin hypersensitivity [DH] in at least three quadrants were selected. Then a specific treatment was randomly selected for each quadrant which was applied once a day for one week and then stopped. A visual analog scale [VAS] was used to assess the subjects' responses to air blast and periodontal probe stimuli at baseline at one week, and one, three and 6 months after treatment. To analyze the data, repeated measures ANOVA test, Tukey test and variance analysis test were used

Results: At all given intervals, almost both sodium fluoride and sensikin gel significantly reduced the dental sensitivity caused by stimulants. There were no significant differences between sensikin gel and other two desensitizers in reducing the dentin hypersensitivity after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months with respect to air blast stimuli. Sensikin gel was more efficient than Fluoride varnish in reducing the sensitivity caused by periodontal probe after 1 month

Conclusions: Sensikin gel, sodium fluoride gel and fluoride varnish can all be prescribed to reduce dental sensitivity in patients who have undergone periodontal treatments. In the case of severe sensitivity to mechanical stimulations, a treatment with a long-run effectiveness such as sensikin and/or sodium fluoride gel is preferred

[Effect of oral nitrate administration on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats]

Cardiovascular diseases are the most important complications of diabetes, representing the ultimate cause of death in more than half of all patients with the disease. Nitrate has been demonstrated to be an effective add-on therapy in patients with heart failure but no study has been yet addressed the effect of nitrate therapy on myocardial injury associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the effect of nitrate therapy on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups [n=8]: Control, control+nitrate, diabetes, and diabetes+nitrate. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injection of nicotinamide [95 mg/kg] 15 min before injection of streptozotocin [65 mg/kg]. Nitrate in control+nitrate and diabetes+nitrate groups was added to the drinking water [100 mg/L for 2 months]. Serum nitrate+nitrite [NOx], CK-MB, and LDH were measured before and at the end of the study and heart malonyldialdehyde [MDA] was measured at the end of the study. Nitrate therapy in diabetic rats significantly increased serum NOx levels [29.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 42.8 +/- 9.8 micromol/L, P<0.05], decreased heart MDA levels [9.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.6 micromol/L, P<0.05], and decreased serum levels of both CK-MB [471.0 +/- 29.7 vs. 284.9 +/- 10.3 U/L, P<0.05] and LDH [791.6 +/- 21.9 vs. 497.8 +/- 13.1 U/L, P<0.05]. Nitrate therapy provided cardioprotection by increasing NO levels and decreasing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats

[Evaluation of depth perception and heterophoria among laboratory sciences students in Mashhad, 2011]

Normal stereopsis as the highest level of binocular vision is required for most of clinical works such as working with microscope and some jobs, like piloting and surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate, depth perception and hetrophoria in Mashhad laboratory sciences students in 2011. In this cross sectional study from 153 Mashhad laboratory sciences students, 42 subjects were selected randomly. Eye examinations including subjective and objective refraction and measurement of hetrophoria by cover test and prism bar were performed. The stereopsis was then determined with the T.N.O stereo test at 40 distance observation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 software. Patients with amblyopia, cataract, and other ocular pathology were excluded from the study. Mean stereoacuity of the subjects was 147/14 +/- 129/76. Among this population, 14 subjects [%33.3] used microscope monocularly and 28 subjects [% 66.7] used it bionocularly. There was no significant difference between mean stereopsis and hetrophoria and other relative effective factors such as refractive error, way of using microscope, near point of convergence age and sex [p>0.05]. Comparison between mean monocular and binocular stereopsis was not significant [p>0.05]. There was no statictically significant difference between mean stereopsis and hetrophoria and other relative factors. However due to working too much with microscope, most of the laboratory sciences students had anomaly of binocular vision like intermittent exotropia and abnormal near point of convergence. This indicates the necessity of more research in anomaly of binocular vision in laboratory sciences students

Acute and chronic effects of ferula persica on blood pressure of hypertensive rats and its possible mechanism of action

Ferula persica has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of high blood pressure. In this study acute and chronic effect of aqueous F. persica extract on BP of hypertensive rats and its possible mechanism of action have been investigated. Eighty two male Wistar rats were divided into 12 experimental groups. Hypertension was induced by Goldblatt method in the anesthetized rats. Aqueous extract of F. persica [15 or 30 or 60 mg/kg, iv] or it's vehicle were administered in treatments or control groups to evaluate their effects on BP and heart rate. To assess the mechanism of F. persica action on BP, L-NAME [5 mg/kg], Atropine [1 mg/kg] or Indomethacin [5 mg/kg] were injected intraperitoneally followed by intravenous administration of F. persica [30 mg/kg] in the different groups of hypertensive rats. Chronic effect of F. persica [30 mg/kg] on BP was evaluated by the aqueous extract administration in drinking water for a month. Intravenous administration of F. persica reduced BP of hypertensive rats [p<0.001]. There is no significant different between three doses of F. persica. Intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME, Atropine or Indomethacin has no significant effect on basal BP, but L-NAME eliminated and Atropine reduced hypotensive effect of F. persica extract on BP. Chronic administration of F. persica has no effect on BP. Our findings showed the hypotensive effect of F. persica in hypertensive rats may be mediated by muscarinic receptors and NO release

Noise pollution evaluation in residential and residential-commercial areas in Tabriz-Iran

Over the last three decades environmental pollutions became a more noticeable problem in all around of the world. In many countries, noise pollution as a basic problem has a great importance.Development of the city, increasing of industrial centers, increasing vehicles, other annoying noise resources and also little information about the noise pollution of Tabriz city, has led to the doing of this research. Sampling and measuring of noise pressure levels was done 180 times According to the EPA standards, measuring was done simultaneously in two stations [commercial-residential areas], three times a day [morning 7:30 -9:30 am, midday 12:30-14:30 pm and night 19:00-21:00 pm] and 30 days in month. Sound pressure level in both stations was higher than the standards and the highest average level with 71.4 db was recorded in Raste-koche station at midday. Also lowest calculated average value with 68.5 db was measured in Golbad station at the morning time that is 8.5 db higher than the standards. Average measured sound pressure level in two stations was higher than the standards. The results show that Tabriz has a noise pollution in commercial and residential - commercial areas. It is suggested that other noise pollution resources identified and the proper management actions for its reduction be done

Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus species from intestinal contents of beluga [Huso huso] and Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus]

Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram-positive, usually non-motile, non-sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major or sole product of their fermentative metabolism. In this study, the presence of lactobacilli were investigated in the intestines of beluga [Huso huso] and Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus], inhabiting Caspian sea. The obtained data showed that various species of lactobacilli populations were found at high levels in the intestines of fishes. Total number of lactobacilli was about 10[5.3] and 10[6.4] cfu/g of intestinal content for beluga and Persian sturgeon, respectively. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of 84 strains isolated from intestines of beluga and Persian sturgeon revealed that these strains can be categorized into 2 metabolic groups; facultative and obligate heterofermentatives. The most common presumptive lactobacilli species were Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum. The current study is the first report on the isolation of lactobacilli from the intestine of beluga and Persian sturgeon

Production of bacteriocin by a novel Bacillus sp. Strain RF 140, an intestinal bacterium of caspian frisian roach [Rutilus frisii kutum]

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antibacterial compoundsthat exhibit bactericidal activity against species closelyrelated to the producer strain. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of bacteriocin by Bacillus spp. isolated from intestinal bacterial flora of the Caspian Frisian Roach [Rutilus frisii kutum]. A bacteriocin produced by the bacterium Bacillus cereus strain RF 140 was identified. The antimicrobial activity started at the exponential growth phase and maximum activity was at the stationary growth phase. A crude bacteriocin obtained from culture supernatant fluid was inhibitory to indicator strains, including Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and several species of Bacillus. Bacteriocin was stable at 80°C, but the activity decreased and was lost when the temperature reached 100 and 121°C, respectively. It was resistant to the proteolytic action of papain, catalase and amylase, but sensitive to proteinase K, pronase E and trypsin. Maximum bacteriocin activity was observed in the pH 4-9. This study indicates the importance of the bacteriocin produced by B. cereus strain RF 140 against food-borne pathogenic microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes and C. perfringens, and presents a potential for use as a biopreservative in food

[Treatment effects of onion on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat]

Onion has significant blood sugar lowering action. Antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Streptozotocin can dioceses oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=30] were allocated into three groups, control group [n=10] and onion [O] group that received 1cc/rat [gavages]; [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55 mg/ kg [IP] STZ plus 15 mg/kg [O], daily for, 4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily[gavages]. Diabetes was induced by a single [IP] injection of streptozotocin [55mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28 day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for testestrone, TAC, MDA and Ox-LDL levels and testes tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis then prepared for analysis. Sperm population, percentage of sperm viability and motility and Serum total testosterones significantly increased in group that has received 1cc/rat onion [p<0.05] in significantly decreased in comparison to control group [p<0.05]. Since in our study 1cc/rat onion have significantly preventive effect on Sperm percentage of viability and motility and serum total testosterones by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species [ROS] in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for sperm healthy parameters in Diabetic Rat

Evaluation effects of quercetin on liver apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment of STZdiabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into three groups, control group [n=10] and Quercetin [QR] group that received 15mg/kg [IP] QR, [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55mg/kg [IP] STZ plus15mg/kg QR, daily for,4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily[IP]. Diabetes was induced by a single [IP] injection of streptozotocin [55mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for TAC,MDA and Ox-LDL levels and Liver tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed then prepared for Apoptosis analysis by Tunel method. Apoptotic cells significantly decreased in group that has received 15mg/kg [IP] Quercetin [P < 0.05] in comparison to experimental groups [P < 0.05]. Since in our study 15mg/kg [IP] Quercetin have significantly Preventive effect on liver cells damages by reducing number of Apoptotic cells in liver, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in Diabetic Rat

[Evaluation of the relationship between maternal preeclampsia and lung maturation of preterm infants in Zanjan- Valiasr Hospital]

There are many studies showing that fetal lung maturation in complicated pregnancies like preeclampsia is accelerated. Lung maturation in this condition is due to glucocorticoid secretion in response to stress. There are also contradictory opnions about fetal lung maturation in preeclampsia. In this study the relationship between lung maturation in preterm infants and maternal preeclampsia was investigated. This case - control study was applied to 96 preterm infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome [RDS] as the case group and 96 preterm infants without RDS as the control group in Zanjan- Valiasr hospital during the years 2004-2005. Both groups were similarized for age, sex, weight and type of delivery. Patient's data were obtained from their medical records and were analyzed by T and X[2] tests. In 31 preterm infants with RDS [31.6%], and in 23 preterm infants without RDS [23.4%], the mother was preeclamptic. This difference was not statistically significant. According to the results of present study, the risk of RDS in preterm infants of preeclamptic mothers is not lower than the non preeclamptic mothers; therefore fetal lung maturation is not accelerated in maternal preeclampsia

[Evaluation of attitude, knowledge and practice of married women [19 -45] years old about contraceptive methods in 1384 at Tehran Khanevadeh hospital]

Background: the birth control has been a hurdle to overcome especially in the high growing nations of the Asia. This has been assessed by the KAP study aiming at the contraception methods. The affecting factors are of concern in the process of the assessment. Numerous studies have indicated that follow ups and repetitive studies are necessary to find out the changes in the knowledge, attitude and practice of the subjects

Material and method: a descriptive cross sectional study in a contraception KAP study was performed on 275 of married women 19-45 years old married women. Theye were asked to fill in a questionnaire designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception which including 45 question comprised of personal, knowledge based, attitudes toward contraception methods, and the state of practice of the attendants. The data thus gathered was analyzed by the Spss 11.5 for the central values and standard deviations. The data was normalized using Smirinov- Colmogrov test and normalized data was assessed by the independent sample test and one way ANOVA using tukey test

Results: the most frequently used method of contraception is the natural method [37.7%], the next ranking the highest accepted method being the use of condom [19.6%]. The least accepted methods were the use of the IUD and the tubal ligation [11.6%, 11.2% respectively]. A mean of 49.8% of the attendants replied correctly to the knowledge section questions. The most and the least correctly answered items were contraceptive pills and the implantable contraceptive respectively. Most individuals attended the practice considered the availability, morals and religious considerations most affecting factors in the state of contraception use. And the mutual acceptation of the contraception method being used was the item believed by the participants to affect the use of the techniques. The practice section questions showed that 66.6% of the participants performed wrongly in case of more than one pill was forgotten. This wrong behavior reached 61.4% in case of barriers. Assessing the correlation of knowledge of the attendants with the pills forgotten more than once a meaning relation was found [P=0.01]. This condition was also found to be existing among the knowledge status of working women and housewives. The knowledge of women was also affected by the level of their own and their husbands' education

Conclusions: the contraception is mainly affected by the knowledge status of the users but gaining a high level of education alone is not an assuring factor in the proper and correct use of the method

[Evaluation of demand rate for medical services provided by physicians in Golestan province]

Background: Providing health and medical services in any division needs a comprehensive and appropriate knowledge of the actual condition. On the other hand, it is based under valid information. This study aimed to define the demand rate of society for medical services provider by physicians in Golestan province

Materials and methods: This was across-sectional descriptive-analytical study being performed in four seasons within the years 1380 to 1381 in urban and rural areas of Golestan province. The study population was 9479 being selected via cluster sampling. The smallest unit was family. The data was collected by questionnaire. The data form consist of information about individual characteristics, medical history, history of hospitalization, history of visiting physicians, the specialty of visited physicians, etc. The data was collected trained interviewers. Analysis and judgment of diseases was based on interviews being performed two weeks before and three months after the study

Results: The mean age was 25.63+/-18.1. The disease percentage was 24.9%. The percentage of physicians for treatment was 61.1 % and 38.9% of patients didn't seek medical advices. Among diseases infectious diseases were the most common complaint of patiants [42.6%]. Psychiateric diseases [13.3%] and internal diseases [12%] made up sunsequent ranking most patients were treated by general physicians [>85%]. 1.4% of patients at the history of hospitalization who the most were males

Conclusions: The results show that a considerable population of the society cannot use medical services properly. Infectious diseases are the most common complaint of visiting patients and general physicians had the most important role in the treatment of patients

Evaluation of demand rate for medical services provided by physicians in Golestan province

Providing health and medical services in any division needs a comprehensive and appropriate knowledge of the actual condition. On the other hand, it is based under valid information. This study aimed to define the demand rate of society for medical services provider by physicians in Golestan province. This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study being performed in four seasons within the years 1380 to 1381 in urban and rural areas of Golestan province. The study population was 9479 being selected via cluster sampling. The smallest unit was family. The data was collected by questionnaire. The data form consist of information about individual characteristics, medical history, history of hospitalization, history of visiting physicians, the specialty of visited physicians, etc. The data was collected by trained interviewers. Analysis and judgment of diseases was based on interviews being performed two weeks before and three months after the study. The mean age was 25.63 +/- 18.1. The disease percentage was 24.9%. The percentage of physcians for treatment was 61.1%, and 38.9% of patients didn't seek medical advices. Among diseases infectious diseases were the most common complaint of patiants [42.6%]. Psychiatric diseases [13.3%] and internal diseases [12%] made up sunsequent ranking most patients were treated by general physicians [>85%]. 1.4% of patients had a history of hospitalization, the most of whom were males. The results show that a considerable population of the society cannot use medical services properly. Infectious diseases are the most common complaint of visiting patients and general physicians had the most important role in the treatment of patients