Effect of Six Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani Associated with Peach Seedlings Decline in Tunisian Nurseries

Aims: This study investigated the efficiency of six fungicides against Fusarium spp. associated to peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia, between March 2016 and June 2016. Methodology: The activity of six fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani associated with peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The in vitro test showed that Carbendazim was the most effective at a low dose (10 ppm) against F. solani with 84.39% of hyphal growth inhibition, while it gives 60.55% of growth inhibition against F. oxysporum at 100 ppm. The percent of growth inhibition generated by Mancozeb was between 59.02 and 90.21% at 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. The efficacy of fosetyl-Al was not important in vitro at 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm against the two tested pathogens. Hymexazol revealed to be effective against F. oxysporumbut without effect on F. solani for all used doses. The Chinosol was effective at different doses against F. oxysporum, with 88% of growth inhibition at 50 ppm for the two tested species. Thus, the fosetyl-Al, hymexazol and chinosol are the most effective on F. oxysporum and F. solani. Carbendazim was moderately effective against F. oxysporum (40. 15%), whereas it was the most effective against F. solani (98.02%). The mancozeb and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb were the lowest effective against the two pathogens tested with percents of inhibition of 27.41% and 28.96% for F. oxysporum respectively, and 48.02% and 42.46% for F. solani, respectively. Results of in vivo test indicated that disease severity parameters of peach seedlings recorded after three months of inoculation by Fusarium spp. showed that the fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl-M + mancozeb reduced significantly root browning induced by Fusarium oxysporum by 62.55%. The mancozeb and carbendazim reduced also the root browning without significant effect. Whereas, all products didn’t reduce the severity of root browning or the vegetative sanitary states index of peach seedlings inoculated by F. solani. For the growth parameters, plants inoculated by F. oxysporum and treated by fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb increased the root weight by 34% and 24.89%, respectively. The metalaxyl-M+mancozeb improved also the plant height by 8.05% compared to the control inoculated by F. oxysporum. However, chinosol was the only product that improved plant height by 10.31% and root weight by 9.78% of plants inoculated by F. solani. Conclusion: The fungicides Alliette express (fosetyl-Al), Ridomil Gold (mancozeb+ metalaxyl-M),Dithane-M45 (mancozeb) and Prodazim (carbendazim) were the most effective in vivo against F. oxysporum associated with a peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries, whereas Beltanol (chinosol) is the only product that improved the seedling growth inoculated by F. solani. Thus, it will be important to test them in the future against the other genera associated with this disease like Pythium and Phytophthora species. Then, it is necessary to test them against the combination of these pathogens because the causal agent of this disease is a complex.

Decision-to-delivery time intervals in emergency caesarean section cases: repeated cross-sectional study from Oman

Objectives: In cases of fetal intolerance to labour, meeting the standard decision-to-delivery time interval [DDI] of

Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study included all emergency CS procedures performed due to acute fetal distress, antepartum haemorrhage or umbilical cord prolapse at the Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman. Three audit cycles of three months each were conducted between April 2011 and June 2013, including an initial retrospective cycle and two prospective cycles following the implementation of improvement strategies to address factors causing DDI delays. Poor perinatal outcomes were defined as Apgar scores of <7 at five minutes, admission to the Special Care Baby Unit [SCBU] or a stillbirth

Results: In the initial cycle, a DDI of 60 minutes was significantly associated with poor neonatal outcomes in terms of increased SCBU admissions and low Apgar scores [P <0.001 each]. Factors causing DDI delays included obtaining consent for the CS procedure, a lack of operating theatre availability and moving patients to the operating theatre

Conclusion: The identification of factors causing DDI delays may provide opportunities to improve perinatal outcomes

Transitory, spotaneously recovering, peripheral facial nerve palsy after vionorelbine administration

Vinorclbine is a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid that has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity. It is widely used in non small cell lung cancer. We report the case of a 50 year old man, having stage IV lung carcinoma with a unique cerebral metastasis in the right hemisphere. Focal cerebral radiotherapy was first administrated followed by intravenous chemotherapy associating vinorelbine to cisplatin. He has developed multiple subsequent and transitory episodes of monolateral peripheral facial nerve palsy in the left side during vinorelbine administration. The palsy has completely and spontaneously resolved at a short interval, around twenty minutes, after the end of the drug infusion. Obvious cerebral tumor progression was excluded by means of CT scan; the drug was thereby administrated as scheduled until the end of the treatment. We describe an unusual side effect, until now reported in only two cases, having brain-stem gliomas, among English and French literature, dealing with vinorelbine as adjuvant treatment. We discuss possible neurological and oncnlogical implications

Ventilator modes in neonatal intensive care unit: introduction of bubble continuous positive airway pressure

The association of conventional mechanical ventilation [CMV] with the later development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] called for trials of noninvasive modalities. The first introduction of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure [CPAP] in 1971 by Gregory et al., was followed by many other studies and different techniques. We included 81 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] of all weights and all gestational ages. They were divided into two period groups according to the time of introduction of bubble CPAP to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU] as 1st period [before introduction of CPAP] and 2[nd] period [after introduction of CPAP], also divided to further groups according to their birth weights. Comparing respiratory outcomes as duration of ventilation, failed extubation, duration of CPAP, duration of apnea, duration of oxygen therapy and postmenstrual age [PMA] off oxygen. The non-respiratory outcomes were also reviewed as duration of total parenteral nutrition [TPN], incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] or intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH]. Thirty nine percent of infants in the 2[nd] period were assisted by BCPAP, whether as the only ventilatory support, after weaning from CMV or before the need for CMV or ventilator derived CPAP. Less intubations were reported in low birth weight infants [P=0.037], less surfactant was used in normal birth weights [P=0.01]. However, the duration of CPAP was longer in LBW and VLBW in 2nd period [P = 0.000 and 0.002 respectively]. Also, longer duration of O2 therapy in LBW and ELBW in the 2[nd] period [P = 0.015 and 0.032 respectively]. No significantly associated apneas, ICH or NEC. The non-respiratory outcome of both study periods in all weight groups, were similar. There was no significant difference in the incidence of respiratory complications among the different ventilation modes, and between different weight groups in both periods. No associated air leak among those assisted by BCPAP. No difference in the incidence of non respiratory complications in different ventilation modes. It was concluded that Hudson prong bubble continuous positive airway pressure therapy is a non invasive respiratory support that is promising to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation of infants with respiratory distress. Institution of Early Nasal Continuous Airway Pressure [ENCPAP] as a preferred method for initial airway management seems to require time to demonstrate its optimum feasibility and efficacy

[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the wrist and the hand a case report]

The primitive epitheliod hemangio-endothelioma of bone is a rare vascular tumor recently described. A case of epitheliod hemangio-endothelioma of the distal phalanx and the ulna of the left band in a 15 years old young man is reported. In the same side soft tissue tumors of the hand and the forearm have been simultaneously diagnosed. In the same time radical excision with bone grafting was performed. The histologic and immunohistochemical study confirm the diagnosis. At the 8 years follow-up there was no clinical evidence of recurrence or metastasis. In the literature the outcome is not well defined. However no death was reported in the bone localization. Surgical resection with bone grafting to prevent pathologic fracture is suggested as a treatment, althongh it's not well codified in this rare lesion

The effects of low dose leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy on airway remodeling and cysteinyl leukotriene expression in a mouse asthma model

Airway structural changes that occur in patients with asthma in response to persistent inflammation are termed airway remodeling. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, D4 and E4) are known to play important roles in the pathobiology of asthma. To evaluate the effect of low dose montelukast (MK) on the development of airway remodeling using a chronic murine model of allergic airway inflammation with subepithelial fibrosis, BALB/c mice, after intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization on days 0 and 14, received intranasal OVA periodically on days 14-75. MK treated mice received montelukast sodium intraperitoneally on days 26-75. The OVA sensitized/challenged mice developed an extensive eosinophil cell inflammatory response, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus occlusion, and smooth muscle hypertrophy of the airways. In addition, in OVA sensitized/challenged mice, dense collagen deposition/fibrosis was seen throughout the lung interstitium surrounding the airways, blood vessels, and alveolar septae. The cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, MK significantly reduced the airway eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus occlusion, and lung fibrosis except airway smooth muscle hypertrophy in the OVA sensitized/challenged mice. The OVA sensitized/challenged mice had significantly increased epithelial desquamation compared with control mice. MK markedly reduced epithelial desquamation of airways in OVA/MK treated animals compared with OVA sensitized/challenged mice. MK treatment did not affect the levels of CysLT in lung tissue. Our results show that the important role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Lower dose of CysLT1 receptor antagonism has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on allergen-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis but not airway smooth muscle hypertrophy in an animal model of asthma.

Primary amenorrhea varied etiology

Investigation of primary amenorrhea is usually initiated by the age of 14 years if there is delayed puberty absent secondary sexual characteristics and absent menses, or no menstruation within 4 years of the onset of adrenarche and thelarche. We established diagnosis in our 3 cases on the basis of chromosomal analysis, hormonal analysis, diagnostic laparoscopy, and histopathological examination of the samples biopsied. We identified 3 varied etiologies

Placenta previa in a referral hospital in Oman

To determine the incidence of placenta previa associated pregnancies, to find out the strength of association of identified risk factors with the major placenta previa associated pregnancies and to identify predictors for preterm outcome. Records of women with placenta previa, who delivered at Nizwa Hospital, Al-Dakhliya region, Sultanate of Oman between October 1998 and September 2002, were analyzed retrospectively utilizing a case control approach. An incidence of 0.6% for placenta previa was noted in our study. Nearly two thirds [64.8%] of the pregnancies resulted in antepartum bleeding. Pregnancies with major placenta previa constituted 72% of all the subjects. Higher parity [>/= 5], maternal age [>/= 30] and history of previous abortion had high odds of association with major placenta previa of 2.1, 2.4 and 2.5. Antepartum hemorrhage was not significantly associated with pregnancies presenting with major placenta previa [odds ratio [OR] 1.3; p>0.05]. The proportion of preterm deliveries was 55.5% in the study. There was a significant association between preterm outcome and presence of antepartum hemorrhage [OR 10.8; p<0.001]. In spite of higher maternal age, parity and previous abortions having high odds of presenting in pregnancies with major placenta previa, no significant statistical association could be proven. Also, no significant difference among pregnancies presenting with major or minor placenta previa as regards the preterm outcome, could be established. Antepartum hemorrhage, irrespective of severity, was a strong predictor of preterm outcome

Syndrome de Potte. Etude analytique a propos de 4 cas

Potter's reno facial syndrome is a rare innate abnormality. We bring 4 observations repertoried at the maternity of military hospital of tunis over a period of 6 years [1997 - 2002]. The purpose of our work is to determine after a review of the literature the echographic and foetopathologic characteristics, and the forecast of this syndrome. The frequency of the bilateral renal agenesis is of 0.27 per thousand positive diagnosis bases essentially on the ultrasound of the 2 th, or the 3-th trimester. The signs of appeal are essentially the oligoamnios associated to an hypotrophy the caryotype is systematic to eliminate an associated chromosomic abnormality. Foetopathologic exam is usefull for the diagnosis. Main abnormality except the urinary pathology is the lung hypoplasia. Therapeutic interruption of the pregnancy in this situation not compatible with the extra-uterine life. Only type IV authorize the development of the pregnancy according to echographic data and of foetal urinaire biochemistry. We insist on the early practice of the morphological ultrasound between 20 - 22 weeks for the diagnosis of foetal abnormalities and the place of the gentic advice in association with the geneticist in the coverage of the couple

Twin intrauterine and cornual gestation in a case of triplet pregnancy

Ectopic implantation with in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer may occur in the cornu or tubal stump, which is otherwise rare. Our patient with previous left salpingostomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy had 4 embryos transferred through in vitro fertilization out of which 3 were successfully implanted with twin intrauterine gestation and cornual pregnancy. The cornual pregnancy ruptured at 12 weeks of gestation and the twin intrauterine pregnancy had a successful outcome

Mayer-Rokintansky-K–ster-Hauser Syndrome of m–llerian agenesis

Mullerian agenesis, a congenital malformation of the genital tract is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhoea. Its etiology is poorly understood. It may be associated with renal, skeletal or other abnormalities. The diagnosis is often made radiologically or laparoscopically. Three-dimensional ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool. The hormonal profile and karyotype in these patients are normal. The management varies, but the treatment of choice is non surgical aimed at creating a neovagina. These patients require psychological support due to the implications for reproduction. Here, we present the case of a 24-year-old married woman with primary amenorrhoea with this malformation

Prise en charge du patient cancereux en parodontologie

Le cancer est une tumeur maligne; lie a la proliferation anarchique et incessante d'un clone cellulaire; conduisant a la destruction du tissu concerne; voire a une extension locale; regionale et generale de la tumeur ( Wolfgang J. Kostler; MD. 2007). Les traitement anticancereux (chimiotherapie; radiotherapie) donnent des effets plus ou moins nefastes; a court ou a long terme; sur les tissus sains de l'organisme. Le parodonte est l'une des zones les plus concernees (A. Barasch; J.M. Coke; 2007). L'exposition des tissus buccaux et peribuccaux a de fortes doses de radiation provoque de nombreux changements tels que les mucites; l'osteoradionecrose; la xerostomie; les raideurs musculaires et articulaires; dont le chirurgien dentiste doit tenir compte avant que le radio oncologue n'amorce le traitement. De meme; la chimiotherapie entraine une perturbation du bilan d'hemostase ainsi que du bilan immunologique ce qui augmente le risque de developper des maladies parodontales. ( Comeau TB; Epstein JB : 2001)L'objectif de cet article est d'expliquer les differents risques des therapeutiques anticancereuses sur la sante parodontale du patient; ainsi que le protocole de prise en charge de ces patients en parodontologie

Amalgame dentaire : materiaux fiable ou toxique ?

Malgre l'evolution des biomateriaux; l'amalgame dentaire reste un des meilleurs materiaux pour la plupart des restaurations posterieures. Certes; il presente comme tous les autres materiaux d'obturation des inconvenients qui lui sont propres; mais possede des atouts majeurs dont la facilite d'utilisation; la durabilite et le bon rapport qualite/prix. La polemique concernant la toxicite du mercure contenue dans l'amalgame est ancienne et ne fait que s'intensifier; il est incrimine dans l'apparition de plusieurs maladies generales. Dans la presente revue de litterature; les auteurs se sont bases sur les nombreuses etudes menees a ce sujet qui n'ont pas revele un risque reel pour la sante des patients et qui sont unanimes quant a l'innocuite de l'amalgame et la non justification de l'interdiction de son emploi ou de sa depose

Pregnancy outcome in women with sickle cell trait

The aim of the study is to assess the pregnancy outcome among Omani women with sickle cell trait [SCT], and to compare it with a control group of Omani women with normal hemoglobin. Relevant data of both groups was obtained from labor room records, patient files and computerized records at the Nizwa Hospital, Dakhliya Region, Nizwa, Oman from January 1999 to July 2000. Available data was analyzed. Three thousand, five hundred and one pregnant Omani women were included in this study, 319 had SCT [9.1%], the average age was 27 years in both groups, and 51% were primigravida. There was an increase in the incidence of anemia in the SCT women. The incidence of abortion and neonatal death in previous pregnancies was significantly increased among SCT women. Pregnant women with SCT need special care and attention during pregnancy, labor, puerperium and surgery. They should be identified early to prevent complications such as anemia, infection and fetal wastage