[Nosocomial urinary tract infections: etiology, risk factors and antimicrobial pattern in ghaem university hospital in Mashhad]

Nosocomially acquired urinary tract infections [NAUTIs] are common infections in the hospital setting. Since the bacterial spectrum of NUTIs is extensive and the antibiotic resistance is common, we decided to study the incidence of etiology, antibiotic resistance and risk factors of [NAUTIs] in Ghaem University Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from 2009 to 2012. The Present study is based on the isolation-identification and determining the antibiotic resistance pattern of [NAUTIs] from 2009 to 2012. Demographic data of patients regarding age, gender, symptoms and signs were collected by a valid questionnaire. Among 647 patients with nosocomial infection, the prevalence of NAUTI was 102 [17.2%] during this period. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Candida spp [20.9%], followed by Escherichia coli [16.3%], Klebsiella sp [15.4%], enterococci and acinetobacter [14.5%]. Among antibiotic resistant bacteria, [53.8%] of E. coli were resistant to ampicilin and cefepim. Acinetobacter showed 66.6% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Among the isolates, approximately 46% had multidrug resistance to three or more agents and effective antibiotics for treatment of UTIs were nitrofurantoin and norfloxasin in this study

Epidemiology of dental fluorosis in 7-10 years old students attending to community dentistry center of zahedan

Dental fluorosis is a kind of hypoplasia, enamel and dentin deficiency due to fluoride overuse. Since there is little known about this important dental problem in Southeast area in Iran we designed an analytic descriptive study to estimate the dental flurosis prevalence in 7-10 years old students. Three hundred thirty four [334] children attending to community dentistry center during year 2006, were studied to evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Dental index [fluorosis rates] identified by a trained dentist. Criteria for definite diagnosis were existence of enamel defects with spread bilaterally and symmetrically. Children with hyperplasia tetracycline -induced, acute febrile illness in childhood and fêtai birth dental defects [Dentinogenesis imperfecta, Amelogensis imperfect] were excluded from this study. The prevalence of dental flurosis estimated to be 30.8 percent in this sample. Dental fluorosis protests in the subjects were so: enamel opacities [70. 6%]/discoloration [l 4.2%], pit [1.36%], enamel opacities and discoloration [l 2.9%]/enamel opacities and pit [1%]. Superior anterior teeth were the most effected by fluorosis. There are significant difference in dental fluorosis between boys and girls [P=0.004], and intensity was higher in boys [37.5% versus 22.6%]. fluorosis pattern no clear difference in both sexes [P=0.27]. The prevalence of fluorosis was estimated 30.8% and intensity was higher in boys in Zahedan. Therefore it is essentiel that fluoride source and amount of fluoridation of drinking water be considered in Zahedan city

[Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: a Case Report]

Aneurysmal bone cysts mostly occur in long bones and spine. It is relatively rare in the maxillofacial region. In this article, we present a 19-year- old woman with the complaint of swelling in the left mandibular premolar tooth. She had got antibiotic therapy after the diagnosis of dental cellulites. On the X-ray study, a well- defined unilocular bony lesion within the preapical premolar tooth was observed. The patient referred after six months with vast swelling in the left mandible associated with parestesia and rapid growth. In 3D CT study a multilocular lesion suggestive of vascular lesion was observed. Surgical resection was done with curettage and immediate reconstruction of the plate. Aneurysmal bone cyst is a non-neoplastic but locally aggressive tumor that due to its occasional rapid growth should be differentiated from other multilocular processes like amiloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, epithelial cyst and also giant cell granuloma and sarcomas. Treatment of choice is conservative surgical excision of the mass with curettage or enucleation

Correlation between anxiety, depression, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis [RAS] is one of the most common painful diseases affecting the oral mucosa. The role of psychosocial factors especially depression and anxiety in RAS is controversial. This study was performed to determine the association between anxiety, depression and RAS. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out at Department of Oral Medicine of Zahedan Dental School from May 2007 to May 2008. Ninety patients were evaluated in three groups marked as RAS, negative control and positive control groups using Beck Anxiety [BAI] and Beck Depression [BDI] Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. RAS patients and positive controls had significantly higher anxiety and depression levels compared to the negative controls [P< 0.05]. However, no statistically significant difference was found in anxiety level between the RAS and positive control groups. In contrast, there was a significant difference in depression levels between the RAS and positive control groups [P<0.05]. Regarding the data found in study, It seems that the psychosocial factors may play an important role in causation of RAS. These factors may form a starting point for initiation of various immune reactions, shown to be contributory to the pathogenesis of RAS

[Prevalence of paan use among high school boys of Zahedan in 2007 and its contributory factors]

Considering the risks and complications resulting from tobacco use this study was performed to find the prevalence of paan use and its correlates among high school boys in Zahedan during the academic year 2007. In this cross-sectional study, 292 high school boys of Zahedan were selected randomly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information and paan use and to determine the rate of current users [at least once during the last 30 days] and life time users [at least once or twice in their life]. Data were analyzed by using chi square test and SPSS 14 software. In whole, 58 students [19.9%] were current users and 29.9% had used paan during their life time. Paan consumption showed significant relationship with parents' educational level, educational statue of students, family size, the number of cigarette smokers in the family and ethnicity [P<0.05], while it has no significant relationship with age. Paan use among Zahedan high school boys is prevalent and indicates the necessity of preventive programs in schools

Transient and spatial modeling and simulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers reaction and transport in air, water and soil

The release of the wastes containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers into the environment is a worldwide major concern. Investigation of spatial and temporal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers concentrations due to different factors, especially the transport of these species between air and water as well as between air and soil is the purpose of present research. A model was developed and solved using the methods of finite difference and lines. Simulations were implemented for three dimensions of width, length, and height and also time for the air compartment, whereas for the soil and water compartments, variations were considered only with respect to height and time. Transport between water and soil was disregarded for simplicity at this stage. Vancouver's landfill was considered as a case study. Lower concentrations in air and higher concentrations in water at the interface show that these pollutants tend to diffuse from air to water. Concentrations of all four pollutants decrease near the interface in soil as time passes, but they are predicted to be almost constant at other levels

Clinical outcome of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis [APSGN] in Iranian children

Recently, the prognosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis [APSGN] has been reported as improved compared with the results of previous studies. In an attempt to clarify this in Iranian children, we analyzed the clinical course of patients with APSGN. In this retrospective study, a total of 53 children diagnosed as having APSGN according to the presence of hematuria and/or proteinuria, evidence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, transient hypocomplementemia and absence of clinical or histological evidence of previous renal disease were studied in our department between March 1986 to September 2002. Fifty-three children, 19 females and 34 males, aged 3-13 years [mean 8.7 years] were enrolled in the study. All children had hematuria, proteinuria and decreased serum complement. There were no patients with renal dysfunction, but one case with nephritic syndrome. Forty-three [81%] had hypertension according to Second Task Force criteria. Blood pressure [BP] was normal in the remaining 10 [19%] patients. Eight children were lost for the follow-up examination. Two patients received renal biopsy. Both biopsies were abnormal showing mild changes with corresponding immunologic findings. Forty-five children were reassessed after an average of 5 months [range 1 month to 66 months]. At the last follow-up all of these children were in good physical health. The BP, serum creatinine, and complement levels were within normal limits. These findings indicated that the prognosis of APSGN during childhood is excellent, when adequately recognized and received supportive measures in the treatment, including control of high blood pressure and chemical imbalance in acute phase of disease. Additionally, according to our results, we could predict a favorable prognosis and reassure the family