[Effect of heat and vibration on primary dysmenorrheal]

The painful menstruation is one of the common disorders of female sexual organ which is experienced by almost fifty percent of the women affected by regular menstrual periods. The primary dysmenorrhea is referred to as the menstrual pain in absence of undetectable pelvic disease which occurs usually during 2 years after first menstruation when ovulation is established. This study was done to investigate the effect of heat and vibration on primary dysmenorrhea. This clinical trial study carried out on 75 female students, aged 18-22 years old from Islamic Azad University. Each subject evaluated for two menstrual cycles. At first cycle the participants received the routine pain-relief method. During the second cycle each of them applied combined heat-vibration device for ten minutes during menstrual pain. Data collected using questionnaire and pain visual analog scale and analyzed using SPSS-14, t student and Wilcoxon tests. In contols, pain score was 5.34 and 4.09 prior and after routine intervertion, respectively [P<0.001]. Also, in cases pain score significantly reduced from 5.34 to 3.44 after intervention by heat and vibration. In 8% of cases a slight redness was observed. This study showed that heat and vibration is more effective than routine intervention in pain during menstrual cycles

[In vitro development of cattle embryo as affected by glucose, serum and EDTA]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different modifications of sequential synthetic oviductal_fluid [SOF] culture system on developmental competence of in vitro matured/fertilized cattle embryos. Bovine oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro and then presumptive zygotes were randomly cultured for up to 9 days in different modifications of SOF culture system to consider the effects of glucose, serum and EDTA on embryo development. All the embryo culture systems were efficient to support bovine embryo development till blastocyst stage. There was no significant difference in the ratios of embryos; however, the ratios of blastocyst and also hatchability of embryos cultured in SOF C [51.3%, 43.0% and 83.8%, respectively] were significantly higher than those of all the other SOF groups. Furthermore, while glucose had a partial improving effect on embryo development, a significant decrease in embryo development beyond the morula stage was observed in embryos cultured in SOF system with initial supplementation of EDTA compared with all the other groups. It was concluded that appropriate modifications of SOF culture systems can result in significantly great in vitro embryo development

[Comparison of nutritional status and related factors among pupils aged 11-14 year olds in public and private schools of Damghan [2005]]

Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human growth when the algorithm of nutritional needs establishes. This study aws carried out since there is not available any comprehensive and reliable data about nutritional status and related affecting factors in pupiles who study in the public and private schools of Iran especially in Damghan. The present study as a cross-sectional and descriptive study, was performed on 300 pupiles aged 11-14 years old in both public and private schools of Damghan. The questionnaire was composed of four parts: demographic information, weight and height measurements, diet and physical activity. Wasting, natural, overweight and obesity were respectively observed in 10%, 79%, 7% and 4% of pupiles in public schools, while they were respectively 6%, 73%, 16% and 5% for pupiles in private schools [p=0.04]. The observed differences were not dependent on sex [p=0.19]. Regression analysis showed that the differences in nutritional status can be explained by intake of vitamins B2, B12, as well as intake of daily energy and chocolate in these two types of schools. Wasting in public schools and overweight and obesity in private schools were the nutritional problems of adolescents in Damghan, which must be controlled. In addition, The observed differences in these two types of schools [as a means of different socio-economic status], which were explained by the related factors [different intake of B2, B12, energy and chocolate] could be similarly seen in many adolescents in all over Iran

[ effects of plyometric and strengthening exercises on the quadriceps muscle strength in girl students in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2005]

Varieties of exercise therapy methods are used in rehabilitation in order to improve muscle function. Optimal function of muscles results in improvement of functional activities; as a result, these activities would be achieved in a shorter time with the reduction of energy wasting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric and strengthening exercises on the quadriceps muscle strength in girl students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. This experimental study was performed in Zahedan in 2005. Thirty six girl students aging 20 +/- 1.2 years among residents of Mojtameh dormitory of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were studied through simple non-probability sampling. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a plyometric exercises group or a strengthening exercises group. The quadriceps muscle strength [kg] was measured using hand-held dynamometer before and after 10 sessions of intervention. The first group received plyometric exercises. Strengthening exercises were given to the second group. Independent and paired t-tests were used for comparison between the pre-treatment and post treatment results between groups and within groups, respectively. The strength of quadriceps muscle was increased from 12.1 +/- 3 to 14.7 +/- 3.8 [kg] in the plyometric exercises group and from 12.4 +/- 3.7 to 14.9 +/- 3.9 [kg] in the strengthening exercises group [P<0.0001]. No significant difference was seen between two groups after and before intervention. Independent-samples t-test identified that there was no significant difference between two groups with respect to mean difference of the quadriceps strength. The results, in spite of conventional opinions, showed that there was no difference between plyometric and strengthening exercises regarding quadriceps muscle strengthening. Both types of exercises increased the quadriceps muscle strength. Therefore, according to patient conditions, either type of these exercises can be used for exercise therapy in knee pathologies and the quadriceps muscle strength deficit

Assessment of general health, stress coping and marital satisfaction in infertile women undergoing IVF treatment

Nowadays, infertility has turned to a social distress and it is accompanied by numerous psychological and social problems. This phenomenon is known as an agonizing and disappointing stressor for couples, especially for women. Infertility stress can affect personal, social and marital relationships, may cause mental instability and lead to divorce. Likewise, studies have shown IVF may be accompanied by numerous and severe psychological disorders. Considering psychosocial and cultural importance of fertility, especially in women, and the high birth rate in Iran, a closer look at this phenomenon with an emphasis on its psycho-social aspects is of importance. Therefore this descriptive study was undertaken to determine mental well-being, marital satisfaction and stress coping in infertile women. 150 infertile women attending the forth Shahid of Mehrab Hospital in Kermanshah were randomly selected during 2003. The data were gathered by the researchers, based on CRI-Coping Responses, Index of Marital Satisfaction [IMS] and the General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28]. For the statistical evaluation of the findings, chi-squared and t-test were calculated. P-values smaller than 0.05 were considered significant. The results showed that 44% of the subjects had psychological disorders based on GHQ. Based on the findings from this questionnaire, the cases were divided into two healthy and unhealthy groups. Anxiety rates among the unhealthy group and the functional disorders in the healthy ones revealed to be significantly high [p<0.01]. 34% of the infertile women, most of whom had been identified to have psychological disorders by GHQ, had excitement based reactions and 93% of the ones on the healthy group had problem-based confrontational responses. The findings also revealed that infertility had not had any unpleasant effects on the marital satisfaction of the healthy cases, whereas 35% of the unhealthy ones showed the opposite. Regarding the results of this study, infertility may have numerous psychological impacts on the infertile and act as a predisposing factor for psychological disorders and matrimonial problems. Therefore, a team of psychiatrists accompanying infertility treatment experts is effective in the treatment process and prevention of psychiatric problems in these patients