Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and vitamine E on cellular density of CA1 hippocampal area, learning ability and memory, following ischemia - reperfusion injury in mice

Reduction in cerebral blood flow following cereblal ischemia cause the production of oxygen free radicals and finally leads to brain tissue destruction. Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of hippocampus are highly sensitive to hypoxic condition. This study was done to determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] and vitamine E on cellular density of CA1 hippocampal area, learning ability and memory, following ischemia - reperfusion injury in mice. This experimental study was done on 40 male mice in 5 groups as follow: sham control, ischemia, hCG treated, vitamine E treated and hCG + vitamine E treated groups. Single dose of vitamin E was injected intraperitonaly during the establishment of reperfusion and hCG was injected from 48h after ischemia for 5 days. Folowing the treatment period, mice brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by nissle method. The shuttle box was used to evaluate the learning memory. Co-administartion of vitamine E and hCG, significantly increased the cell numbers in hippocampus compared to the ischemic group [P<0.001]. Also learning and memory improved in treatment group in comparison with ischemia group [P<0.05]. Co-administration of vitamin E and hCG improved ischemia-induced neurodegenration and memory impairment

[Effect of transforming growth factor alpha of dentyte jyrus neurons and pyramidal cells of CA1 subfiled of hippocampus following ischemia-reperfusion in Rats]

Ischemia-reperfusion invoke cell death in hippocampus. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor alpha [TGF-alpha] of dentyte jyrus neurons and pyramidal cells of CA1 subfiled of hippocampus following ischemia-reperfusion in rat models. This experimental study was done on 40 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300gr. Animals were divided in four groups: control [n=7], sham [n=7], ischemia [n=14] and treatment [n=14]. Sham group was just under surgical stress. In ischemia and treatment groups after induction of ischemia reperfiusion by obstruction of carotid arteries blocked for 30 minutes, reperfusion PBS [phosphate buffer salin] and subsequently TGF-alpha [50 ng] were injected stereotaxicaly in lateral ventricle, respectively. In 12 and 72 days after treatment the brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by immunohistochemestry and nissle methods. Furthermore, morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning memory. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and ANOVA test. Injection of TGF-alpha increased the cell number in hippocampus of treatment group compared to ischemic group. TGF-alpha increased expression of neuron in dentyte jyrus of treatment group in comparison with ischemic group [P<0.05]. Also spatial memory improved in treatment group in comparison with ischemia group. TGF-alpha improves ischemia-induced neurodegenration and memory impairment

Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica [case report]

Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica [TO] or Tracheopathia Osteoplastica is a rare disorder of large airways with unknown etiology. The diagnosis is usually made on bronchoscopy and confirmed on histology. Generally it is benign and asymptomatic but it may lead to serious complication like airway obstruction requiring surgical treatment. We describe two cases of TO with characteristic bronchoscopic and histological findings. The first one had squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and the second one had chronic rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial fibrosis

[ frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus [EBV] expression in various histological subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma]

The incidence of Hodgkin's Lymphoma [HL] shows marked heterogenecity according to age, gender, race, geographical state, socioeconomic position and histological subtypes. Recently, multiple studies in different countries have been applied by newer technologies such as Immunohistochemistry [IHC] and polymerase chain reaction [PCR], being more familiar with the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. The Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] is detected with high incidence in HL cases, approximately 40-50% in developed countries and much more [up to 95% of cases] in developing countries. There is evidences that mixed cellularity [MC] Hodgkin's Lymphoma is more likely to be EBV-associated which is against association of nodular sclerosis [NS] subtype. With regard to the geographical location of Iran and absence of similar documented research in our knowledge, it is needed to perform studies like this. This study was done by IHC method with antibody against latent membrane protein-1 [LMP-1] antigen of EBV for assessment of relationship between EBV infection and parameters such as age, gender and histological subtype. We collected 30 paraffin section samples of classic HL and positive cytoplasmic reactivity of Reed-Steinberg [RS] cells was evaluated. From 30 cases surveyed in this study only 2 cases were not immunoreactive for EBV marker of which both were NS subtype in two adult males. We confirm frequency of 93% EBV associated HL in our cases, and also confirm the above histological subtype distribution, and that childhood cases are more likely to be EBV-associated than adult cases. There is possible female predominance of EBV associated HL. This survey as a pilot study needs further studies with more cases for distinct confirmation. It seems that EBV is a strong etiologic factor especially in developing countries like Iran and in childhood cases