[ cleaning efficacy of manual files compared with two rotary instruments in the root canal of permanent molars: an in vitro study]

Rotary files may be cause anatomical changes in apical area. The aim of this study was evaluation of maintenance of the canal's curve using Flex Master and Protaper rotary instruments. In this in vitro study, we used 30 mesiobuccal roots of first permanent maxillary molars with a mean length of 18-23 milimeters and a mean curve of 15-40 degrees. Sampling was simple and the specimens were divided into two groups of fifteen. In each group, the canals were prepared by crown down method after the access step. Then they were prepared using Flex master and Protaper according to their company's instruction. After finishing the preparation steps, hand instrument number 30 was placed in the canals and under the same primary condition we evaluated the final angle by digital radiographic system. For evaluation of the results, we used variance analysis, t test and covariance analysis. The mean angle of apical transportation after using two Flexmaster and Protaper rotary systems was 6/19 +/- 3/07 and 5/52 +/- 2/87 degree, respectively. The mean apical transporation using the Flexmaster system was more than Protaper system but the difference between them was insignificant [P>0/ 05]. Because of using these two rotary systems, we had apical canal transportation. This transportation by using Flexmaster system was more than the Protaper system, but it was not significant

[Prevalence of gestational diabetes and comparison of mean maternal age in healthy and gestational diabetic patients at Javaheri hospital [2003-2006]]

Maternal age is an important risk factor in gestational diabetes but there is controversy about determination of age cut off as a risk factor for its prevalence. To evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes and also the comparison of maternal age in healthy and gestational diabetic patients. This was a cross-sectional study in which the records of pregnant women referred to Javaheri hospital during 2003-2006 were investigated. The data were analyzed by SPSS and independent t-test. A total of 5107 pregnant women were evaluated during this time period and 170 cases found to suffer from gestational diabetes. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 3.3% during the four-year study. The mean age of gestational diabetic group was 30.4 +/- 5 years and of normal women 27.5 +/- 5. There was a significant difference between two groups [p<0.001]. Meanwhile, 90% of gestational diabetic women were above 24 year. According to this study and new guidelines, it is suggested that the age screening of gestational diabetes in pregnant women to be reviewed and replaced by the use of a recommended age base of 25 year or higher

Comparison of irrigation penetration into the apical part of canals in hand and rotary instrumentations

The penetration of irrigating solution to the apical one third of canals and removal of debris are dependent on the final size of the instruments and instrumentation techniques used in the canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of final instrument size, on irrigation penetration into the apical part of canals in hand K-file instrumentation versus rotary system of Hero 642. The mesiobuccal canals of 48 first mandibular molar teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 24 in each and the mesiobuccal canals were instrumented by hand K-file or rotary system of Hero 642 at 2 stages. After each stage, a contrast medium was injected into the canals and radiographs were taken by RVG system. The irrigation penetration was measured in radiographs by Diamax software. The data were analyzed using t -student test. This study showed that instrumentation up to # 25 file is not enough for irrigation penetration into the apical area. Also by more flaring the canals, more irrigating solution penetrates into the apical part of canals [P < 0.001], but the difference between hand and rotary systems was not statistically significant [P > 0.05]. According to this study, instrumentation up to # 30 file results in better irrigation penetration into the apical area. The flaring of the canals is essential for better cleaning and irrigation of apical area