Spatial distribution and molecular identification of leishmania species from endemic foci of south-eastern Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis constitutes a major public health problem in many parts of the world including Iran. The primary objective of this study was to identify Leishmania species in endemic districts of Kerman Province, south-eastern Iran. This study was conducted by random sampling as cross- sectional descriptive between 2008 and 2010. Overall, 203 skin scraping smears were taken from the patients. Nested -PCR was performed to amplify variable minicircle fragments of Leishmania kDNA. Bam was the most infected district [71.1%], followed by Kerman [14.7%], Jiroft [5.4%], Baft [2.7%], Sirjan [1.6%], Shahr-e Babak [1.5%] and others [3.0%]. L. tropica was the most common species identified [194 cases, 95.6%], while L. major was found in only 9 cases [4.4%]. Of 203 identified patients, all species in Bam [l07 cases], Kerman [32 cases], Jiroft [l6 cases] and Shahr-e- Babak [l1 cases] were detected as L. tropica, whereas infected subjects in Baft and Sirjan showed L. tropica or L. major. Characterization of Leishmania species resulted in generation of 750 bp and 560 bp fragments, corresponding to those of L. tropica and L. major, respectively. L. tropica is the main species [95.6%] caused ACL in endemic areas of Kerman Province; however L. major is present in low level [4.4%]

Residual effects of deltamthrin WG 25% as a new formulation on different surfaces against anopheles stephensi, in Southeastern Iran

Indoor residual spraying [IRS] is functioned as national interventions against malaria in southeastern foci of Iran and deltamethrin WP one of the insecticides have been used since past decade. In this study, the residual activity of the wettable granule [WG] was studied on different surfaces in hut scale trial against Anopheles stephensi in Iranshahr district, southeastern Iran. Three dosages of 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 of deltamethrin WG 25% formulation were applied on plaster, cement, mud, and wooden surfaces using Hudson[Registered] X-pert compression sprayer having 10 litters capacity. The residual effects of deltamethrin WG 25% on different surfaces was assessed based on reduction of mortality An. stepehnsi from 100% to about 70%. At 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 the WG formulation of deltamethrin had a bioefficacy for about 2, 3 and 4 months respectively. There was an expectable fluctuation in mortality of An. stephensi at different sprayed surfaces as well as dosages. The proposed 50 mg/m2 WG is the longest activity for up to 4 months which needs to be applied for two spraying cycles per year at the climatically condition of southwestern Iran

[Scorpions fauna of Kerman province-Iran]

Considering wide distribution of scorpions in various parts of the country and their importance in biological and medical Sciences, the current study was performed during 2005 to 2006 in order to determine scorpions species in Kerman/Iran. In this descriptive research, 13 cities in Kerman province were investigated. All collected scorpion specimens in%75 ethyl alcohol were sent to the entomology laboratory of Kerman university of Medical Sciences for identification of their species by the use of stereo microscope and morphologic identification key. A total of 8 species belonged to three families of Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae or Liochelidae and Scorpionidae were identified. The identified species were as follows: A: Family Buthidae: Mesobuthus eupeus [44%], Androctonus crassicauda [28.5%], Odontobuthus doriae [22.6%], Orthochirus scrobiculosus [3%], Androctonu. Amorcuxi [0.35%], Buthotus saulcyi [0.35%], B: Family Liochelidae: Hetmiscorpious lept urus [0.9%], C: Family Scorpionidae: Nebo sp [0.3%] Kerman province with 8 scorpion species has a high bidogical founa. This is the second report of the Nebo Genus from Iran after the report in 1980 from Hengam island located in south of Iran in Persian Golf Planning prevention, control and treatment programs based on the identified species is suggested

effect of adding intravenous Metoclopramide to Pethidine for postoperative cesarean section pain

Pain relief has been received the highest level of medical attempts continuously but still many patients suffer from it. Narcotics' side-effects have led investigators to apply other techniques for controling acute postoperative pain to reduce narcotics requirements. Recently, some concepts have been presented implying that Metoclopramide does have analgesic effects and this led us to conduct the present study in order to determine Metoclopramide's effect on alleviating pain after cesarean section. In this clinical trial, 80 patients who were candidates of elective cesarean section were studied in two groups. 10 minutes before the cesarean section's ending time, the control group was given 25 mg Pethidine accompanied by 10 mg Metoclopramide and control group 25 mg Pethidine and distilled water. Then when patients were conscious after cesarean section, for a period of 6 hours received after-care for their vital signs and side-effects of prescribed drugs. Their pain score [VAS] and nausea rate was measured and if necessary, Pethidine was injected with certain dose. Injection time for first dose of Pethidine and its required amount were recorded in a checklist within first 6 hours after cesarean section. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and T tests. Prescription of Metoclopramide inhaunced analgesic effect of narcotics and a meaningful decrease was found in pain score [p=0.002] and nausea rate [p<0.005]. Injection time for the first dose of Pethidine was also prolonged hi the group who received Metoclopramide compared to control group [p=0.019] and an obvious decrease was occurred in received Pethidine's amount within the first hours after cesarean section [p<0.005]. Drugs side-effects were not found in patients. The results indicate that use of Metoclopramide accompanied by Pethidine in ending time of cesarean section, does have considerable effects in controlling acute pain after surgery and increasing analgesic effect of narcotic drugs. Therefore, use of Metoclopramide as a proper supplement drug with low side-effects is recommended

subfamily Culicinae [Diptera:culicidae] in kerman province southern Iran

There are some arboviral and parasitic diseases which are transmitted by culicine mosquitoes in Iran. Three genera and eleven species of the subfamily Culicinae [Diptera: Culicidae] were collected by dipping method and identified in Kahnooj district, Kerman province, south-eastern Iran, during October and November, 2003 including; Culex [Culex] bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. [Maillotia] deserticola, Cx. [Cux.] laticinctus, Cx. [Cux.] perexiguus, Cx. [Cux.] pipiens, Cx.[Cux.] quin- quefasciatus, Cx.[Cux.] sinaiticus, Cx.[Cux.] theileri, Cx.[Cux.] tritaeniorhynchus, Culiseta [Allotheobaldia] longiareolata, and Uranotaenia [Pseudoficalbia] unguiculata. In this study, Ur.unguiculata was identified in Kerman province for the first time. Fauna and ecology of Culicinae need more investigations in this province