[One novel PMS2 germline mutation in a patient with hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer]

Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer [HNPCC] is an autosomal dominant syndrome. The cancer appears between 40 and 50 years of age. Mutation in mismatch repair genes can lead to this cancer .One of the genes which is involved in this disease is PMS2 gene. Here, we present a case with a novel germline mutation in PMS2 gene. The aim of this report was to examine PMS2 gene and identify novel germline mutations in this gene. A 77-year-old male with diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma was referred for genetic testing. He suffered from a polyp with a diameter of 6.8 cm in hepatic flexure. The patient did not meet Amsterdam Criteria and Bethesda Guidelines, but screening for HNPCC was performed on account of pathological findings. Blood sample was used for identification of mutation and the paraffin embedded block was prepared for MSI analysis. One mutation in PMS2 gene was detected by analysis of the amplicon sequencing. The mutation was a transitional mutation in position 676 which led to transformation of guanine to adenine resulting in substitution of glutamic acid for glycine. Immunohistochemistry confirmed abnormal expression of PMS2 gene and MSI assay showed instability of sequenced amplicons in this gene

Experimental reconstruction of teat cutaneous wound by ear skin graft in dairy cattle

Teat lacerations are serious injuries that endanger the survival of a cow within the herd. In excessive lacerations, the wound should be left to heal by second intention healing process. However, tissue contraction during healing can change the alignment of the teat, creating problems for machine milking. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the transplantation of the full-thickness free skin graft in excessive teat lacerations. Four healthy, non pregnant, mixed Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with normal teats were used in the study. Under local anesthesia, a rectangular full thickness excision [2 Cmx2 Cm] was made on the lateral surface of the proximal part of the right and left fore teats of each cow, and simultaneously a rectangular full-thickness free skin graft [1.5 Cmx1.5 Cm] was harvested from the inner surface of the left pinna. The graft was then meshed and transplanted to the left teat defect. During a three-week study, the wound healing was evaluated clinically and at the end of the study, histopathologic samples [H andE staining] were taken from both wounds. The results of this study demonstrated that in non grafted wounds, severe wound contraction caused a deformity in normal anatomical structure of the teats. However, in grafted wounds successful graft take was recorded in all wounds, and the teats restored their functional and anatomical structure with satisfactory cosmetic appearance. According to the result of present study, it can be concluded that using full thickness free mesh skin graft can be considered a suitable method for treatment of excessive teat lacerations

Intestinal leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

In endemic regions, visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients. Simultaneous infection with Leishmania and HIV has been reported in some countries but this is the first report of such a case in Iran. Our patient was a 27 years old man with intermittent night fever, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, watery diarrhea and severe weight loss for 6 months. He had low socio-economic status with an imprisonment history. The patient was quite cachectic and had low grade fever. Physical exam and upper Gl endoscopy revealed oropharyngeal candidiasis. Microscopic evaluation of duodenal biopsy material showed Leishmania amastigotes in macrophages of lamina propria. Leishman bodies were also observed in bone marrow aspiration specimen. Serologic tests were positive for Leishmania infantum. HIV antibody was also positive with a CD4[+]cell count of 807microl. The diagnosis was acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with simultaneous visceral leishmaniasis involving intestinal mucosa

Global genome methylation status in gastritis lesion in comparison with normal adjacent tissue and its relationship with clinicopathologic findings

To determine the role of global genome methylation in gastritis lesion and its relation with clinicopathologic finding. The study was conducted on 44 gastritis and normal adjacent specimens using a technique composed of restriction enzyme digestion and pyrosequencing known as LUMA [LUminometric Methylation Assay]. At first, DNA extracted from gastritis lesion and normal tissue was digested with HpaII [sensitive to methylation in recognition site] and MspI [insensitive]. These enzymes leave an overhang after cutting which are then filled in a polymerase extension assay with stepwise addition of dNTPs using pyrosequencing. The comparison of the height of picks obtained form both enzymes provides the possibility to evaluate and compare global genome methylation level of normal and gastritis tissues. If the target site is fully methylated, the HpaII/MspI will approach toward zero .If not, this ratio will go around one. In the other conditions the ratio varies between 0-1. According to our findings, gastritis tissue was significantly more hypomethylated [p = 0.04] than the nornal tissue and Global genome methylation had no correlation with sex, age, microsatellite instability [MSI] and gastritis severity. Global DNA hypomethylation occurs in the gastritis lesion. Presumably the process of hypomethylation keeps falling in the next steps leading to gastric cancer

Computed tomographic anatomy of the abdominal region of cat

The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomic structures of the abdominal region of cat through computed tomography [CT] to be used by veterinary radiologists, clinicians and surgeons. The abdominal region of four cats were scanned twice, with and without using contrast medium in a same position, using high-resolution imaging protocol. Slice intervals were 11 mm and were adjusted so that each vertebra was sectioned at least once. CT cuts taken with and without contrast were compared for accurate identification of specific anatomic structures. Two animals were fixed by routine anatomical method and dissected for use as reference models. Finally, important structures and landmarks were identified and labeled on the CT images

Prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in diary calves in Kerman, Southeastern Iran

Faecal samples from 291 dairy calves from 10 dairy herds in Kerman were examined to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were identified by using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique in 63 [21.63%] calves. Calves were grouped according to their age as follows: <3 months, 3-6 months and 6-9 months. Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 28.2, 20.6 and 13.09%, of the calves in the respective age groups. A significant age-associated decrease in the detection rate of Cryptosporidium infection [P<0.05] was found. Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 11 of the 30 [36.66%] diarrhoeic and 52 of the 261 [19.92%] non-diarrhoeic calves. There was a significantly [P<0.05] higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrhoeic than in non-diarrhoeic calves

[Case report: Intestinal leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS]

In endemic regions visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients. Simultaneous infection with leishmania and HIV has been reported in some countries but there's no such report from Iran in medical literature. Patient was a 27-year-old man admitted with chief complaints of intermittent abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting since 6 months ago. He also mentioned mild night fevers, watery diarrhea and severe weight loss during this time. He was of low socioeconomic status, was unemployed and had a history of imprisonment 4 years ago. Physical examination revealed low-grade fever [T=38.1?C] and severe cachexia [Weight=41 Kg, Height=165 cm]. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was evident in oral examination. In upper GI endoscopy, candidal esophagitis and duodenal nodularity were seen. Candidal plaques were also visible in duodenal mucosa. Microscopic evaluation of duodenal biopsy material showed partial blunting of the villi. Abundant macrophages containing intracytoplasmic microorganisms had infiltrated and expanded the lamina propria. High magnification view revealed leishmania amastigotes with nuclei and kinetoplasts. Leishman bodies were also observed in bone marrow aspiration specimen. Serologic studies [latex agglutination and Immunofluorescence antibody] were positive for Leishmania infantum. Serology for HIV antibody was also positive. CD4+ cell count was 80/microl. The diagnosis was acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with simultaneous visceral leishmaniasis involving intestinal mucosa